1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 492及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Computer Crime I. Introduction Current situation; the increase in number and type of computer crime II .
3、Features of computer criminals A. relatively honest B. gender (1) _ (1)_ 1. most being males 2. females being accomplices C. aged between 14 and (2) _ (2)_ D. bright, eager, highly motivated, adventuresome E. (3)_profiles: ranging from young teens to (3)_ elders, from black to white, from short to t
4、all III. Definitions of computer crimechanging over (4)_ (4)_ A. once defined as a form of white-collar crime committed inside a computer system B. a federal crime defined as hacking into credit and other data bases protected by federal (5)_statutes (5)_ C. unauthorized access to computers to obtain
5、 money, goods or services or classified information IV. (6) _of computer crime (6)_ A. swindling or stealing of money e. g. The Well Fargo Bank discovered an employee using the bank computer to embezzle $21.3 million. B. credit card (7)_ (7)_ e. g. A computer hacker gained illegal access to a credit
6、 data base and applied for credit cards to issue money from ATMs. C. (8) _of computer time (8)_ e. g. Excessive computer game time in business means stealing of work time. V . Protection (9)_ (9)_ hardware identification (10)_software (10)_ disconnecting critical bank applications proper internal co
7、ntrols SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
8、Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the secretary of the Department of Education, the general situation of American education is_. （ A） satisfactory （ B） encouraging （ C） hopeless （ D） imperfect 12 Which of the following groups of children are NOT mentioned as those underprivileged? （ A） In
9、ner-city children. （ B） Minority children. （ C） Handicapped children. （ D） Rural children. 13 Some parents choose to home-school their children because_. （ A） public schools may fail to meet their expectations （ B） private schools are too religious （ C） they are teachers themselves （ D） they cannot
10、afford their childrens education 14 The secretary regards _ as the biggest challenge facing the American education system. （ A） inadequate political support （ B） shortage of funds （ C） improper beliefs （ D） lack of security 15 The secretary is _ about Christian world view on education. （ A） reticent
11、 （ B） positive （ C） well-informed （ D） optimistic SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the f
12、ollowing is NOT included in the agreement to be signed between Russia and Iran? （ A） Russia will deliver nuclear fuel to Iran. （ B） Iran will ship waste nuclear rods back to Russia. （ C） The two countries will build a road for the shipment of nuclear fuel. （ D） Russia will be responsible for the sto
13、rage of the waste nuclear rods. 17 The United States is concerned about _. （ A） the possibility that the nuclear material might be used to produce weapons （ B） the safety of nuclear power stations （ C） the pollution of the nuclear waste （ D） Irans ability to process the nuclear waste 17 We live in s
14、outhern California growing grapes, a first generation of vintners, our home adjacent to the vineyards and the winery. Its a very pretty place, and in order to earn the money to realize our dream of making wine, we worked for many years in a business that demanded several household moves, an incredib
15、le amount of risk - taking and long absences from my husband. When it was time, we traded in our old life, cinched up our belts and began the creation of the winery. We make small amounts of premium wine, and our lives are dictated by the rhythm of nature and the demands of the living vines. The vin
16、es start sprouting tiny green tendrils in March and April, and the baby grapes begin to form in miniature, so perfect that they can be dipped in gold to form jewelry. The grapes swell and ripen in early fall, and when their sugar content is at the right level, they are harvested carefully by hand an
17、d crushed in small lots. The wine is fermented and tended until it is ready to be bottled. The vineyards shed their leaves, the vines are pruned and made ready for the dormant months - and the next vintage. It sounds nice, doesnt it? Living in the country, our days were spent in the ancient routine
18、of the vineyard, knowing that the course of our lives as vintners was choreographed long ago and that if we practiced diligently, our wine would be good and wed be successful. From the start we knew there was a price for the privilege of becoming a winemaking family, connected to the land and the ca
19、prices of nature. We work hard at something we love, we are slow to panic over the daily emergencies, and we are nimble at solving problems as they arise. Some hazards to completing a successful vintage are expected: rain just before harvesting can cause mold; electricity unexpectedly interrupted du
20、ring the cold fermentation of white wine can damage it; a delayed payment from a major client when the money is needed. There are outside influences that disrupt production and take patience, good will and perseverance. For example the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regulates every facet of
21、 the wine business. A winerys records are audited as often as two or three times a year and every label - newly written for each years vintage - must be approved. But the greatest threat to the winery, and one that almost made us lose heart, came out of a lawyers imagination. Our little winery was s
22、erved notice that we were named in a lawsuit accusing us of endangering the public health by using lead foils on our bottles (it was the only material used until recently) “without warning consumers of a possible risk.“ There it was, our winerys name listed with the industrys giants. . I must have a
23、sked a hundred times: “Who gets the money if the lawsuit is successful7“ The answer was, and I never was able to assimilate it, the plaintiffs and their lawyers who filed the suit! Since the lawsuit was brought in behalf of consumers, it seemed to me that consumers must get something if it was prove
24、d that a lead foil was dangerous to them. We were told one of the two consumer claimants was an employee of the firm filing the suit! There are attorneys who focus their careers on lawsuits like this. It is an immense danger to the small businessman. Cash reserves can be used up in the blink of an e
25、ye when in the company of lawyers. As long as its possible for anyone to sue anybody for anything, we are all in danger. As long as the legal profession allows members to practice law dishonorably and lawyers are congratulated for winning big money in this way, well all be plagued with a corruptible
26、 justice system. 18 The phrase “cinched up our belts,“ in the first paragraph, suggests that the couple _. （ A） thought creating a winery would be easy. （ B） wore clothing that was too big. （ C） strapped their belongings together and moved. （ D） prepared for the difficult work ahead. 19 The grapes a
27、re harvested on a date that _. （ A） may vary. （ B） is traditionally set. （ C） depends on the official approval. （ D） is determined by availability of pickers. 20 According to the author, the life of vintners is most controlled by _. （ A） the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. （ B） unexpected c
28、hanges in temperature. （ C） the sugar content of the grapes. （ D） the tempo of the seasons. 21 The writer complains that when she questioned the lawyers she _. （ A） never got an answer. （ B） never got a simple answer. （ C） could make no sense of the answer. （ D） could not believe what she got. 22 Th
29、e writer thinks that the legal profession _. （ A） strives to protect consumers. （ B） includes rapacious attorneys. （ C） does a good job of policing its members. （ D） is part of an incorruptible system. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this
30、 section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 The Authorized Version of the Bible (published in 1611) was made by _command. （ A） Edward IVs （ B） James Is （ C） Elizabeth Is （ D） Henry VIIIs 24 The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by_ （ A） bank failur
31、es （ B） serious unemployment （ C） farm foreclosures （ D） the stock market crash 25 The founder of the London School is the British linguist （ A） J. R. Firth. （ B） Halliday. （ C） Bloomfield. （ D） Sapir. 26 _refers to the identical part of culture between two societies owing to some similarities in th
32、e natural environment and psychology of human beings. （ A） Cultural overlap （ B） Cultural imperialism （ C） Cultural diffusion （ D） Cultural expansion 27 _is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist. （ A） James Joyce （ B） John Galsworthy （ C） D.H. Lawrence （ D） George Bernard Shaw 28 The
33、 draft of the Declaration of Independence was written by_. （ A） John Adam （ B） George Washington （ C） Benjamin Franklin （ D） Thomas Jefferson 29 Strong affinity to the Chinese and Oriental literature can be found in the works of _. （ A） Mark Twain （ B） Ezra Pound （ C） Emily Dikinson （ D） Arthur Mill
34、er 30 Field, mode and tenor analysis belong to the field of _. （ A） interference （ B） idiolect （ C） dialect （ D） register 31 The Victorian Age was largely an age of _, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray. （ A） poetry （ B） drama （ C） prose （ D） novel 32 Robert Bums is remembered mainly for
35、 his songs written in the dialect on a variety of subjects. （ A） England （ B） Welsh （ C） Scottish （ D） Irish 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING The requirement that spent fuel rods be returned to Russia is intended to meet U. S. concerns over the possibility that Iran could divert nuclear materials for use in
36、weaponry. 16 【正确答案】 C 17 【正确答案】 A 18 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 cinch本意指 “给马系上肚带 ”，这里用的是其比喻义，准做好准备。 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 原文中有 “and when their sugar content is at the right level ， they are harvested carefully by hand ”由此可知，收获的具体时间由自然规律决定，每年会在一定范围内变动。葡萄的成熟不会受人们的风俗、好恶影响，更 无需官方的批准。 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由原文的句子 “and ou
37、r lives are dictated by the rhythm of nature and the demands of the living vines ”可知。 Rhythm of nature和 tempo of the seasons是同义语， dictate和 control是同义语。 21 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 因为当她问及官司打赢了谁会受益时，被告知受益者将是原告和其诉讼律师。她感到无 法理解。 Make no sense of表示不能理解。 22 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文章最后一段可以看出，作者对律师极为不满，认为他们极不公正，靠诉讼掠夺财富，对小本
38、商人是巨大的灾难。 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 英国国家概况 24 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 美国国家概况 25 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 伦敦学派的创始人为英国语言学家 J R Firth(弗斯 )。BHalliday(韩礼德 )，伦敦学派的主要成员，又是 “新弗斯派 ”的领袖
39、；CBloomfield(布龙菲尔德 )； DSapir(萨丕尔 )，都属于美国结构语言学派。 【知识模块】 现代语言学理论与流派 26 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文化与文化之间存 在的相同之处，被称为文化重叠 (cultural overlap)。 【知识模块】 语言与文化 27 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 意识流小说的最杰出代表作家是詹姆斯 乔伊斯，代表作有尤利西斯等。约翰 高尔斯华绥 (John Galsworthy)(18671933)是英国小说家、剧作家，英国批判现实主义作家，代表作为长篇小说有产业的人。 D H劳伦斯，英国诗人、小说家、散文家，代表作有虹 (1915)、爱
40、恋中的女人(1921)和查太莱夫人的情人 (1928)。 28 【 正确答案】 D 29 【正确答案】 B 30 【正确答案】 D 31 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的重要线索是提到的作家名字，因为狄更斯和萨克雷都是著名的现实主义小说家，所以可以推定维多利亚时期的文学作品主要是以小说为主。因而答案为 D。 32 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 罗伯特 -彭斯是苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人，他收集、整理了大量苏格兰民歌，并以此为基础创作了数百首反映苏格兰人民劳动、生活和风俗的诗歌。他的诗歌主旨鲜明，语言朴素，极富乡土气息。 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR COR
41、RECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word
42、 and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 33 【正确答案】 late改成 latest 【试题解析】 意为 “最近的 ”。 34 【正确答案】 so改成 such 【试题解析】 因为所修饰的词是名词 languages。 35 【正确答案】 try改成 trying 【试题解析】 这里须用现在分词短语。 36 【正
43、确答案】 from early age加入 an 【试题解析】 age在这里是可数名词。 37 【正确答案】 boys改成 boys 【试题解析】 boys在这里指 boysconversation。 38 【正确答案】 the删去 the 【试题解析】 这里的 “其他 (人 )”是泛指，所以不用定冠词。 39 【正确答案】 one job the difference加入 where 【试题解析】 使其成为 job的定语从句。 40 【正确答案】 hence power加入 more 【试题解析】 与上面的 more knowledge平行。 41 【正确答案】 a改成 another 【试
44、题解析】 根据上下文，第二个 a是指 “另一个 ”。 42 【正确答案】 in删去 in 【试题解析】 in在这里是多余的。 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 43 【正确答案】 White poplars are no ordinary trees. But these common trees in Northwest China are as much ignored as our peasants in the North. However, like
45、our peasants in the North, they are bursting with vitality and capable of surviving any hardship or oppression. I pay tribute to them because they symbolize our peasants in the North and, in particular, the spirit of honesty, tenacity and forging ahead a spirit central to our struggle for national l
46、iberation. The reactionary diehards, who despise and snub the common people, can do whatever they like to eulogize the elite nanmu (which is also tall, straight and good-looking) and look down upon the common, fast-growing white poplar. I, for my part, wilt be loud in my praise of the latter! 【试题解析】
47、 1白杨不是平凡的树，它在西北极普遍，不被人重视，就跟北方农民相似，它有极强的生命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒，也跟北方农民相似。 汉语重意合，英语重形合。汉译英时应将原文中隐性的逻辑关系转化为显性，使用适合的连接手段，达到语篇连贯。如本句译文中 but和 however的使用： White poplars are no ordinary trees But these common trees in North west China are as much ignored as our peasants in the North However， like our peasants in the
48、North， they are bursting with Vitality and capable of surviving any hardship or oppression 2在语义衔接方式上，汉语多用重 复，英语多用替代。原文 “它有极强的生命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒 ”用一个 survive合译为： they are bursting with vitality and capable of surviving any hardship or oppression原文 “我赞美白杨树，就因为它不但象征了北方的农民，尤其象征了今天我们民族解放斗争中所不可缺的朴质、坚强以及力求上进的精神。 ”两个 “象征 ”用一个 symbolize合译为： I pay tribute to them because they symbolize our peasants in the North and， in particular， the spirit of honesty， tenacity and forging ahead- a spirit central to our struggle for national liberation原文 “去鄙视这极常见、极易生长的白杨罢，但是我要高声赞美白杨树 !”译文中第二个 “白杨 ”用 the letter替代： 100k down
