1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 498及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Primary Functions of the Family The family is a basic unit in a society. Sociologists have done much. res
3、earch about the function of family, and have come up with different opinions. This lecture is about some positive functions the family plays in human society. . Definition of the Family A family is a set of people who are related by blood, marriage, or 1 and who share the primary responsibility for
4、the society. 【 1】 _. . Understanding of the Family Functions in the Past The family functioned as a .source of society inequality or injustice because A. It plays a role in the 2 of power, property, and privilege. 【 2】 _. B. It denies opportunities to 3 and limits freedom 【 3】 _. in sexual expressio
5、n and mate selection. . Family Performs Six Major Functions in Modern Society. A. As a social system, it satisfies the needs of its members and contributes to the 4 of society. 【 4】 _. B. As a basic unit of society, the family performs six vital functions: 1 Reproduction: Through reproduction, it co
6、ntributes to human 5 . 【 5】 _. 2 Protection: Human children experience a very long period of 6 and the family 【 6】 _. assumes the responsibility of protecting and bringing up children. 3 Socialization; The family transmits norms, values and 7 of a culture to the child. 【 7】 _. 4 Sexual behaviour 8 :
7、 Standards of sexual behaviour are most clearly defined【 8】_. within the family circle. 5 Supplying 9 : The family provides its members with warm and intimate 【 9】 _. relationships and helps them feel satisfied and warm. 6 Providing social status: People inherit a social position including 10 becaus
8、e of their family background. 【 10】 _. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. A
9、t the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Who are the speakers? （ A） Salesmen. （ B） Editors. （ C） Cooks. （ D） Advertising agents. 12 What product are they talking about? （ A） Kitchen. （ B） Deep-freezer. （ C
10、） Mobility units. （ D） Cake mixer 13 What is the relationship between the two speakers? （ A） Employer and employee （ B） Salesman and customer （ C） Advertiser and customer （ D） Colleagues 14 How is the kitchen different from all other kitchens on the market? （ A） It is easier to clean and repair （ B）
11、 It is non-fixed and flexible （ C） All its units are of the same height （ D） Its chopping board is nearer to the sink 15 What can you infer from the conversation? （ A） Terry knows less about kitchen than Joyce （ B） Joyce knows more about kitchen than Joyce （ C） Terry knows as much about the kitchen
12、as Joyce （ D） Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Wha
13、ts happening? （ A） A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed in its first flight. （ B） A booster rocket veered out of control and tumlJled to the ground. （ C） A booster rocket was destroyed after it fulfilled the task. （ D） A revolutionary NASA jet was destroyed after many flights. 17 Whats the commiss
14、ion of the X -43A prototype? （ A） To revolutionize research and develop speed. （ B） To revolutionize travel and shatter speed records. （ C） To revolutionize flight and explore outer space. （ D） To revolutionize exploration and increase experience. 17 Later the Greeks moved east from Cumae to Neapoli
15、s, the New City, a little farther along the coast where modern Naples now stands. We have a very good idea what life in this sun-splashed land was like during the Roman era because of the recovered splendor of Pompeii and Herculaneum. But as the well-trod earth of Campania continues to yield ancient
16、 secrets, Mastrolorenzo and Petrone, with their colleague Lucia Pappalardo, have put together a rich view of an earlier time and what may have been humankinds first encounter with the primal force of Vesuvius. Almost all has come to light by chance. In May 2001, for example, construction workers beg
17、an digging the foundation for a supermarket next to a desolate, weed-strewn intersection just outside the town of Nola. An archaeologist working for the province of Naples noticed several trances of burned wood a few feet below the surface, an indication of earlier human habitation. At 19 feet below
18、, relicts of a perfectly preserved Early Bronze Age village began to emerge. Over the next several months, the excavation unearthed three large prehistoric dwellings: horseshoe shaped huts with clearly demarked entrances, living areas, and the equivalent of kitchens. Researchers found dozens of pots
19、, pottery plates, and crude hourglass-shaped canisters that still contained fossilized traces of almonds, flour, grain, acorns, olive-pits, even mushrooms. Simple partitions separated the rooms; one hut had what appeared to be a loft. The tracks of goats, sheep, cattle, and pigs, as well as their hu
20、man masters, crisscrossed the yard outside. The skeletons of nine pregnant goats lay in an enclosed area that included an animal pen. If a skeleton can be said to cower, the bones of an apparently terrified dog huddled under the eaves of one roof. What preserved this prehistoric village, what formed
21、 a perfect impression of its quotidian contents right down to leaves in the thatch roofs and cereal grains in the kitchen containers, was the fallout and surge and mud from the Avellino eruption of Vesuvius. Claude Albore Livadie, a French archaeologist who published the initial report on the Nola d
22、iscovery, dubbed it “a first Pompeii“. During May and June 2001, provincial archaeological authorities oversaw excavation of the site Mastrolorenzo hurried out to Nola, about 18 miles east of Naples. He and Pappalardo took samples of the ash and volcanic deposits, which contained chemical clues to t
23、he magnitude of the eruption. But then the scientific story veered off into the familiar opera buffa of Italian archaeology. The owner of the site agitated for construction of the supermarket to resume or to be compensated for the delaynot an unusual dilemma in a country where the backhoes and bulld
24、ozers of a modern economy clang against the ubiquitous remains of ancient civilizations. Government archaeologists hastily excavated the site and removed the objects. As it turns out, the supermarket was never built, and all that remains of a site that miraculously captured one of civilizations earl
25、iest encounters with volcanic destruction is a hole in the ground on a vacant, weed-choked lot, the foundation walls of the huts barely visible. A small, weathered sign proclaiming the “Pompeii of Prehistory“ hangs limply from a padlocked gate. Despite the loss of Nola as well as some other archaeol
26、ogical sites, Mastrolorenzo, Petrone, Pappalardo, and American volcanologist Michael Sheridan triggered world wide fascination when they summarized these findings in the spring of 2006 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). But their research went beyond mere archaeological d
27、ocumentation. The Avellino event, they wrote, “caused a social-demographic collapse and abandonment of the entire area for centuries. “ The new findings, along with computer models, show that an Avellino-size eruption would unleash a concentric wave of destruction that could devastate Naples and muc
28、h of its surroundings. In the world before Hurricane Katrina and the Indian Ocean tsunami, these warnings might have sounded as remote and transitory as those prehistoric footsteps. Not anymore. 18 According to the discovery of the relicts of Nola, we CANNOT conclude that people in this village （ A）
29、 made artware. （ B） grew crops. （ C） tended flocks. （ D） lived with their livestock. 19 According to the relicts, we can infer that domestic animal died because （ A） they were horrified. （ B） they were suffocated. （ C） they were killed by their masters. （ D） they had no food. 20 The site of Nola was
30、 compared to Pompeii because （ A） they were both reported by French archaeologists. （ B） they both gave us a good picture of ancient peoples life. （ C） they both existed in the same age. （ D） they were both in Campania. 21 Which of the following statements about the Nola discovery is CORRECT? （ A） T
31、he site was discovered by archaeologists extensive study. （ B） It was the first time human encountered the eruption of volcano. （ C） The government had little interest in it. （ D） The site has been practically destroyed. 22 In the research mentioned in the last paragraph, the archaeologist expressed
32、 their concern on （ A） how to preserve archaeological sites. （ B） the influence of modern economy on archaeology. （ C） destructive impact of volcanic eruption on human society. （ D） the importance of using computer models in the archaeologist findings. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directio
33、ns: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 The Hadrians Wall was built during the occupation of_. （ A） the Celts （ B） the Romans （ C） the Anglo-Saxons （ D） the Roman 24 _is the most important work of Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of Englis
34、h poetry. （ A） The Legend of Good Women （ B） The Romaunt of the Rose （ C） The Parliament of Fowles （ D） The Canterbury Tales 25 Which of the following novels is not written by Charlotte Bronte? （ A） Jane Eyre （ B） Mary Barton （ C） Shirley （ D） Professor 26 For what reason did the Puritans among the
35、first immigrants come to America from England? （ A） They came to America to seek wealth. （ B） They just wanted to escape religious persecution. （ C） They planned to build a new nation in a new place. （ D） They explored the new land for stimulation. 27 Rip Van Winkle is written by _. （ A） Washington
36、Irving （ B） Henry David Thoreau （ C） Ralph Waldo Emerson （ D） James Fenimore Cooper 28 The Pilgrim Fathers were _. （ A） the earliest group of Puritans immigrating to America （ B） the patriots who drafted the Declaration of Independence （ C） the group of brave explorers who discovered America （ D） th
37、e earliest radical British Catholic church reformers 29 What is the relationship between “livestock“ and “cattle“? （ A） Polysemy. （ B） Antonymy. （ C） Homonymy. （ D） Hyponymy. 30 The Pilgrims Progress was written by _. （ A） John Milton （ B） John Locke （ C） John Dryden （ D） John Bunyan 31 Which of the
38、 following sentences is possible to arouse ambiguity? （ A） Smoking cigarettes can be nauseating. （ B） Tony is a dirty street fighter. （ C） Fish and chip is delicious. （ D） The man is too heavy to move. 32 While embracing the socialism of Marx, Jack London also believed in the triumph of the stronges
39、t individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel_. （ A） The Call of the Wild （ B） The Sea Wolf （ C） Martin Eden （ D） The Iron Heel 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN e
40、rrors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a mi
41、ssing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 32 Theres a dirty little secret in many American homes-couples fight about the housework. Its No. 1 issue my husband and I argue 【 M1】 _ about. We argue over who is doing more, who should be doing which chores, and why my
42、standards are unrealistic. There is always too much to take care and, with two kids, neither one of us has the energy 【 M2】 _ to keep top of it all. When the laundry, dirty dishes, and dust pile 【 M3】 _ out, I feel stressed and resentful and the fighting begins. Most 【 M4】 _ couples are trying to sp
43、lit three full-time jobs-his, her, and managing 【 M5】 _ the house-between two people. There just arent enough hours in the day. The current arrangement is leading to a nation of tired, angry couples with no time to relax with each other and their children. 【 M6】 _ It is estimated that the first chil
44、d triggers an increase of 21 hours of chores per week, not included childrearing, while each additional 【 M7】 _ child adds 6 hours of chores. The average American mother, whether she works out of the home or not, spends 35 hours a week doing housework. When you think about the time has spent on clea
45、ning, 【 M8】 _ cooking, grocery shopping, the yardwork, and laundry, its clear that managing a home is no small feat. So many of our parents got along 【 M9】 _ without household help, the amount of hands-on parenting time at home has increased dramatic in the past 20 years. Its no longer safe 【 M10】 _
46、 in most areas to let children play in the front yard or out in the neighborhood unsupervised. 33 【 M1】 34 【 M2】 35 【 M3】 36 【 M4】 37 【 M5】 38 【 M6】 39 【 M7】 40 【 M8】 41 【 M9】 42 【 M10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 43 1925年 2月 24日，国父孙中山病危时，留下一段家
47、事遗嘱： “余因尽瘁国事，不治家产。其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄，以为纪念。余之儿女已长成能自立，望各自爱，以继余志。此嘱。 ” 中山先生艰苦奋斗 40年，功勋卓然。但终身廉洁，从未为自己和子女亲属置办过田地遗产。他任过国家临时大总统，官可谓高矣，然而从不追 求俸禄。临终留下的遗物只有生前的一些衣物， 2000多本书籍杂志，还有一所旅居加拿大的华侨为他募捐的住宅。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 44 In a way, D-Day sums up
48、 for us the whole of World War II. It was the frontal clash of two ideas, a collision between the possibility of human freedom and its nullification. Even now, we are still learning what to make of it, still trying to know whether we are dwarfed by the scale of such an effort or whether what happene
49、d that day still enlarges us. It certainly enlarges the veterans of Normandy and their friends who died in every zone of that war. Its tempting to politicize the memory of a day so full of personal and national honor, too easy to allude to the wars of our times as if they naturally mirrored World War II. The ironic starkn
