1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 509及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Influence of the Language of Latin on English I. Introduction: The influence of Latin on Old English was
3、profound. Reason: It was considered as the language of a highly developed (1)_. II. Two aspects of its influence on English i. Influence on Words: grouped by time and (2)_ into five periods: A. the Zero Period Origin; Germanic tribes contact with the Roman Characteristic: short words Dealing Range;
4、military matters, cooking, trade, and (3)_ Example; camp, kettle, cheap, and wine B. the First Period Time: borrowed during Julius Caesars English adventures (55 BC) and the Roman Conquest (43 -449 AD) Characteristic: most vanished, only a few remained as (4)_ Example: Kent, Devon and Cumberland C.
5、the Second Period Time: from Augustines mission of 597 Division; two main sub-periods a. the Early Preference Range; 1) (5)_ Example: mass, pope 2) household words Example: cap, plant 3) words relating to education Example: Latin, school Reason underneath; Christianitys immediate impact on seventh-c
6、entury Britain b. the Benedictine Characteristic: direct translation of Latin terms Example; (6)_, resurrection D. the Third Period Time; beginning in 1066 with William the Conqueror Origin; Norman French more (7)_ VS more learned, written Example; example/exemplary; machine/machinate Another specia
7、l point; Untranslated Latin words are introduced (8)_ for the 1st time. E. the Modern Period Time; beginning with the advent of Modern English, usually dated to 1500. Characteristic; compounds with roots Field of Application of Roots; 1) widely used ones; -ation, -ana, -ite, -ism, ex-, co-, -ist, an
8、d de-2) (9)_ used ones; mille-, matri-, menti-, and reticul-3) commercially used ones ii. Influence on Grammar Origin; the artificial structure of (10)_ Result; stigma and benefit SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
9、 questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Mr Palmer came home late because （ A） he had been caught in the rain. （ B） he had forgotten to
10、collect his groceries. （ C） his car headlights did not seem to work properly. （ D） he had put up a ladder against his aunts bedroom. 12 _ could have been used to break the window. （ A） A ladder （ B） A handbag （ C） Earth and glass （ D） Flower pots 13 After Mr Palmer realized what had happened, （ A） h
11、e called the hospital. （ B） he called the hall management. （ C） his aunt was still struggling. （ D） his aunt had already been dead. 14 _ is the most probable relationship between the two speakers. （ A） Detective and grocer （ B） Detective and victims relative （ C） Aunt and nephew （ D） Aunt and driver
12、 15 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Mr Palmer had read no detective stories. （ B） Mr Palmer didnt touch anything in the room. （ C） Mr Palmer couldnt believe what had happened. （ D） Mr Palmer couldnt think of any motive of the criminal. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In thi
13、s section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the main idea of the news item? （ A） Researchers identified a new way in cancer fight. （ B） Researc
14、hers found why breast cancer forms in mice. （ C） Researchers reduced the risk of cancer in some laboratory animals. （ D） Researchers discovered a new way to distinguish tumors and cancers. 17 According to Varner, when will human testing begin? （ A） Half a year or so from now. （ B） Two years or so fr
15、om now. （ C） A year or so from now. （ D） As soon as possible. 17 “When I direct Shakespeare,“ theatrical innovator Peter Sellars once said, “the first thing I do is go to the text for cuts. I go through to find the passages that are really heavy, that really are not needed, places where the language
16、 has become obscure, places where there is a bizarre detour. And then I take those moments, those elements, and I make them the centerpiece, the core of the production.“ In the sober matter of staging Shakespeare, such audaciousness is hard to resist - though a lot of Chicago theatre-goers have been
17、 able to. Typically, a third of the people who have been showing up at the Goodman Theatre to see Sellars ingenious reworking of The Merchant of Venice have been walking out before the evening is over. Its no mystery. Why? The evening isnt over for nearly four hours. Beyond that, the production pret
18、ty much upends everything the audience has come to expect from one of Shakespeares most troubling but reliable entertaining comedies. The play has been transplanted from the teeming, multicultural world of 15th century Venice, Italy, to the teeming, multicultural world of 1994 Venice Beach, Californ
19、ia, where Sellars lives when he isnt setting Don Giovanm in Spanish Harlem, putting- King Lear in a Lincoln Continental or deconstructing other classic plays and operas. Shylock, along with the plays other Jews, is black. Antonio, the merchant of the title, and his kinsmen are Latinos. Portia, the w
20、ealthy maiden being wooed by Antonios friend Bassanio, is Asian. But the racial shuffling is just one of Sellars liberties. The stage is furnished with little but office furniture, while video screens simulcast the actors in close-up during their monologues, (and, in between, display seemingly unrel
21、ated Southern California scene, from gardens and swimming pools to the L. A. riots). Cries of anguish come from the clowns, and the playfully romantic final scene, in which Portia teases Bassanio for giving away her ring to the lawyer she played in disguise, is re-imagined as the darkest, most poiso
22、nously unsettling passage in the play. Some of this seems to be sheer perversity, but the real shock of Sellars production is how well it works both theatrically and thematically. The racial casting, for instance, is a brilliant way of defusing the plays anti-Semitism - turning it into a metaphor fo
23、r prejudice and materialism in all its forms. Paul Butler is a hardhearted ghetto businessman who, even when he is humiliated at the end, never loses his cool or stoops for pity. Wrongheaded and tortuous as this Merchant sometimes is, the updating is witty and apt. The “news of the Rialto“ becomes f
24、odder for a pair of gossip reporters on a happy-talk TV newscast. Shylocks trial is presided over by a mumbling, superannuated judge who could have stepped fight out of Court TV. With a few exceptions - Elaine Tses overwrought Portia, for instance - the actors strike a nice balance between Shakespea
25、res poetry and Sellars stunt driving. For the rest of us, its a wild ride. 18 Whats the main topic of the passage? （ A） The Merchant of Venice adapted by Senars. （ B） Success of the newly performed Merchant of Venice. （ C） Peter Sellarss artistic style. （ D） The shooting of Shakespeares Merchant of
26、Venice. 19 When directing Shakespeare, Sellars usually _ the original texts. （ A） selects the key moments in （ B） abridges （ C） completely changes （ D） keeps 20 What can be inferred about Sellarss The Merchant of Venice? （ A） The adaptation is awkward and meaningless. （ B） It is popular with Chicago
27、 theater-goers. （ C） It is not favored by the audience. （ D） It meets the audiences expectation. 21 It can be concluded from the passage that Shakespeares original text of The Merchant of Venice _. （ A） is much more difficult to understand （ B） is always clear in language （ C） presents a negative vi
28、ewpoint towards the Semitics （ D） is not as popular as his tragedies 22 The phrase “wrongheaded and tortuous“ in the last paragraph means _. （ A） misleading （ B） not logical （ C） complicated （ D） inappropriate 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions
29、 in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 Who was the first European to discover Canada? （ A） John Cabot. （ B） Jacques Carder. （ C） Samuel de Champlain （ D） Henry Hudson. 24 The British Prime Ministers official residence is, No. 10 _ Street in London. （ A） Downing （ B） Oxford （ C
30、） Knightsbridge （ D） Regent 25 What is the most important religious denomination in Britain ? （ A） The Catholic Church （ B） The Methodist （ C） The Anglican Church （ D） The Presbyterian Church 26 _ was a literary trend prevailing in England which expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes
31、who were discontent with the development of capitalism. （ A） Naturalism （ B） Romanticism （ C） Criticism （ D） Sentimentalism 27 Which of the following is a British writer? （ A） George Bernard Shaw. （ B） Ralph Waldo Emerson. （ C） Robert Burns. （ D） James Madison. 28 The study of speech sounds in langu
32、age or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation is called _. （ A） Phonology （ B） Syntax （ C） Semantics （ D） Etymology 29 Which of the following is NOT a hyponym to cutlery? （ A） spoon （ B） fork （ C） kitchenware （ D） knife 30 Scotland Y
33、ard is the headquarters of the _. （ A） British Supreme Court （ B） Police of Scotland （ C） London police force （ D） Horse Guards of London 31 Which of the following about language is NOT correct? （ A） Language is arbitrary. （ B） Language is a system which consists of two levels: sounds and meaning. （
34、 C） Language is vocal. （ D） Language is a fixed system and is not productive. 32 All of the following are major figures of literary modernism EXCEPT （ A） James Joyce. （ B） Charles Lamb. （ C） T. S. Eliot. （ D） Virginia Woolf. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING try to become him. Be his fellow- worker and accomp
35、lice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting its fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences,
36、will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about
37、 400 words on the following topic. 45 Every so often In our life, crisis looms large and close before us. In face of crisis, individuals may respond differently. Some are scared by it and gather up no courage to cope with it while others see it as a positive chance to revise and review their origina
38、l plan and point of view so as to perfect them to achieve their goal. Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: Crisis In the first part of your writing you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details (or examples). In the last
39、part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 509答案与解析 SECT
40、ION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over
41、, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Influence of the Language of Latin on English Good morning. Welcome to our Lexicology class. In todays lecture, well get to
42、 know one of the most ancient languages and even now widely used almost in various fields (such as; medicine, learning, science, technology, etc.)- That is the language of Latin, which has been influencing English throughout its history. Its authority on English was profound as the Roman army and me
43、rchants gave new names to local objects such as: pea, cat, kettle, candle and a numerous number of other common words. The influence of Latin on Old English was profound because Latin was considered the language of a highly developed civilization. The English language has drawn from Latin mainly in
44、its vocabulary, but also in its grammar. (2) These loans are grouped, by time and substance, into five periods the Zero, First, Second, Third, and Modern. Each of these has distinctive characteristics, both of the Latin words adopted and the process of assimilation undergone. Latin words have also b
45、een adopted to English through Modern French, Modern Italian and Norman French. First, lets go to the first period; the Zero Period. It includes all English words whose etymology traces back to Germanic tribes in contact with Romans on the continent. These are all short words, easily adaptable to th
46、e inflections of early Germanic languages. (3) The tribes dealings with the Romans were centered in military matters, cooking, trade, and commerce, especially with wine merchants. Words current in Modern English with recognizable forms include camp, kettle, cheap, and wine. Then comes the First Peri
47、od. This period includes words borrowed during Julius Caesars English adventures (55 BC) and the Roman Conquest (43 - 449 AD) , but almost none of these survived the Teutonic and Norman invasions. (4) In fact, most Celtic words in Modern English either were borrowed from recently or continued as pla
48、ce names, such as Kent, Devon and Cumberland. The most interesting Latin-Celtic-Old English path is that of -chester, with its variants -cester and -caster, as found in Manchester, Gloucester, and Lancaster. In Celtic, it is -ceaster, from the Latin -castra meaning encampment. And next is the Second
49、 Period. This period, dating from Augustines mission of 597, is divided into two main sub-periods, the Early and the Benedictine. (5) The Early Second Period includes words taken by the English to describe their new religion (such as mass, pope) , but also household words (such as cap, plant) and those relating to education (Latin and school). The amount and miscellany of the borrowings show the e
