1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 539及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Conquer Public Speaking Fear? I. Introduction A. Public speaking a common source of stress for eve
3、ryone B. The truth about it it is not (1)_stressful (1) _ it is very likely to become an invigorating and satisfying experience if the speaker correctly understands the (2)_ (2) _ bears in mind its meaning, key points and reminders related II. Causes of stress in a speech A. lack of right guiding pr
4、inciples B. lack of right (3) _ (3) _ C. lack of right plan of action III. Meaning of a (4) _speech (4)_ A. It doesnt mean perfection. B. Give your audience something (5)_so that (5)_ they feel better about themselves; they feel better about some job they have to do; they feel happy or entertained.
5、IV. Main points for (6)_a speech (6) _ A. Do not deliver too much information to the audience B. Have (7)_or an index card (7)_ V. General reminders A. If you forget the (8) _about public speaking and feel stressful, (8)_ go back and review this lecture find out what you did (9)_ (9)_ go back out an
6、d speak again. B. Remember that the (10)_will be impressive. (10)_ SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given
7、 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is more difficult for students when learning to complain? （ A） The linguistic part of the complaining. （ B） The cultural behavior of being straightforward. （ C） Taking the products back to the stores. （
8、D） Understanding the refund policy of the stores. 12 Why did Lida Baker mention her experience returning her daughters clothes? （ A） To show it is important to have cultural background. （ B） To show that the clothes didnt fit her daughter. （ C） To express her anger for not getting money back. （ D） T
9、o indicate she wasnt used to these kind of stores. 13 In the example of the complaint letter, how much does she what to refund? （ A） $20. （ B） $36.99. （ C） $4.99. （ D） $32. 14 What is considered unnecessary in a letter of complaint? （ A） What the problem is. （ B） What correction she wants. （ C） A ne
10、utral tone. （ D） Showing her anger. 15 What is the most important part of teaching complaining? （ A） Creating a situation where students can complain. （ B） Providing model complaints for students to follow. （ C） Analyzing the language and structures for complaints. （ D） Giving students practice on h
11、ow to complain by role play. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which country was accepted as a mem
12、ber of the European Union on Saturday? （ A） Turkey. （ B） The southern part of Cyprus. （ C） The northern part of Cyprus. （ D） The whole country of Cyprus. 17 When did the country officially enter the European Union? （ A） On May 1. （ B） On October 1. （ C） On May 4. （ D） On January 1. 18 Whats the form
13、er Cypriot Presidents attitude towards Cyprus entry into the European Union? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Pessimistic. （ C） Critical. （ D） Suspicious. 18 David Landes, author of The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor, credits the worlds economics and social progress over t
14、he last thousand years to “Western civilization and its dissemination.“ The reason, he believes, is that Europeans invented systematic economic development. Landes adds that two unique aspects of Europeans culture were crucial ingredient in Europes economic growth. First, Landes espouses a generaliz
15、ed form of Max Webers thesis that the values of work, initiative, and investment made the difference for Europe. Despite his emphasis on Science, Landes does not stress the notion of rationality as such. In his view, “what counts is work, thrift, honesty, patience, tenacity.“ The only route to econo
16、mic success for individuals or states is working hard, spending less than you earn, and investing the rest in productive capacity. This is the fundamental explanation of the problem posed by his books subtitle: “Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor.“ For historical reasons an emphasis on private pr
17、operty, an experience of political pluralism, a temperate climate, an urban style-sEuropeans have, on balance, followed those practices and therefore have prospered. Second, and perhaps most important, Europeans were learners. They “learned rather greedily,“ as Joel Mokyr put it in a review of Lande
18、ss book. Even if Europeans possessed indigenous technologies that gave them an advantage (spectacles, for example), as Landes believes they did, their mom vital asset was the ability to assimilate knowledge from around the World and put it to use-as in borrowing the concept of zero and rediscovering
19、 Aristotles Logic from the Arabs and taking paper and gunpowder from the Chinese via the Muslim world. Landes argues that a systematic resistance to learning from other cultures had become the greatest handicap of the Chinese by the eighteenth century and remains the greatest handicap of Arab countr
20、ies today. Although his analysis of Europeans expansion is almost nonexistent, Landes does not argue that Europeans were beneficent bearers of civilization to a benighted world. Rather, he relies on his own commonsense law: “When one group is strong enough to push another around and stands to gain b
21、y it, it will do so.“ In contrast to the new school of world historians, Landes believes that specific cultural values enabled technological advances that in turn made some Europeans strong enough to dominate people in other parts of the world. Europeans therefore proceeded to do so with great vicio
22、usness and cruelty. By focusing on their victimization in this process, Landes holds, some postcolonial states have wasted energy that could have been put into productive work and investment. If one could sum up Landess advice to these states in one sentence, it might be “Stop whining and get to wor
23、k.“ This is particularly important, indeed hopeful, advice, he would argue, because success is not permanent. Advantages are not fixed, gains from trade are unequal, and different societies react differently to market signals. Therefore, not only is there hope for undeveloped countries, but develope
24、d countries have little cause to be complacent, because the current situation “will press hard“ oil them. The thrust of studies like Landess is to identify those distinctive features of European civilization that lie behind Europes rise to power and the creation of modernity more generally. Other hi
25、storians have placed a greater emphasis on such features as liberty; individualism, and Christianity. In a review essay, the art historian Craig Clunas listed some of the less well known linkages that have been proposed between Western culture and modernity, including the propensities to think quant
26、itatively, enjoy pornography, and consume sugar. All such proposals assume the fundamental aptness of the question: What elements of Europeans civilization led to European success? It is a short leap from this assumption to outright triumphalism. The paradigmatic book of this school is, of course, T
27、he End of History and the Last Man, in which Francis Fukuyama argues that after the collapse of Nazism in the twentieth century, the only remaining-model for human organization in the industrial and communications ages is a combination of market economics and limited, pluralist, democratic governmen
28、t. 19 According to Landes, some countries are so poor mainly because _. （ A） they lack work ethic. （ B） they lack rationality. （ C） they are scientifically backward. （ D） they are victimized by colonists. 20 Which of the following statement might Landes agree on? （ A） Europeans set out to bring civi
29、lization to an unfortunate world. （ B） The Europeans dominated other countries simply because they were strong. （ C） Specific cultural values spurred the Europeans to colonize other countries. （ D） The colonized countries were to blame for being victimized by Europeans. 21 The cultural elements iden
30、tified by Landes _ those identified by other historians. （ A） embrace （ B） contradict （ C） glorify （ D） complicate 22 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that other historians _. （ A） follow in the footsteps of Nazism and communism. （ B） are very cautious in linking Western culture and modern
31、ity. （ C） focus their attention on relatively specific topics. （ D） hold drastically different views from Landes. 23 In discussing Landess work, the authors tone is _. （ A） enthusiastic, （ B） skeptical. （ C） reproachful. （ D） matter-of-fact. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There a
32、re ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 24 The first king of the Tudors was_. （ A） Henry VII （ B） Henry III （ C） Edward IV （ D） Edward V 25 Who does NOT belong to the Lakers or Lake Poets in English Romantic period? （ A） William Wordsworth. （ B） Sam
33、uel Taylor Coleridge. . （ C） Jane Austen. （ D） Robert Southey. 26 In 1608, French explorer, Samuel de Champlain established his habitation in （ A） Montreal. （ B） Ottawa. （ C） Quebec. （ D） Toronto. 27 The capital of Australia is （ A） Perth. （ B） Melbourne. （ C） Sydney. （ D） Canberra. 28 The study of
34、how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is_. （ A） morphology （ B） general linguistics （ C） phonology （ D） semantics 30 In Britain the real power was in _. （ A） the Monarch （ B） the Home of Lords （ C） the House of Commons （ D） the Queen 31 Beowulf was written in _. （ A
35、） Old English （ B） Middle English （ C） Early Modem English （ D） French 32 _ is meant that a Conversational implicature is attached to the semantic content of what is said, not to the linguistic form. （ A） Calculability （ B） Cancellability （ C） Non - detachability （ D） Non - conventionality 33 The st
36、udy of how we do things with words is the study of _. （ A） entailment （ B） presupposition （ C） speech acts （ D） metaphor 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING in other words, in the classroom. And I would do that by means of role playing. M: Lida Baker teaches English and writes textbooks in Los Angeles, Californ
37、ia. And thats all for this week. Thank you for your valuable advice, Lida. W: You are welcome. 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据句 (1)可知，另外一个部分更重要，也就是说直截了当地表达“这就是问题所在 ”。在美国我们有这样的文化行为，即对我们想要的表现得非常直接，而对于学生来说这比学会表达抱怨更难，因此 B为答案。 【知识模块】 会话 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据句 (2)可知，第一步就是提供文化背景，比如商店的退货政策，并且明白在这些政策上店与店之间是不同的。接下来 Lid
38、a引用该例子的原因是证明文化背景的重要性。故答案为 A。 【知识模块】 会话 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)可知， Lida想退的款项是 32美元，故答案为 D。 【 知识模块】 会话 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据何 (4)可知，在投诉信中 Lida说明了问题是什么，她想让商家怎么处理，并且使用了很中性的语调，并没有勃然大怒或提出过分要求。因此答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，更为困难的是让人们亲身体验投诉经历，因此，正确答案为 D。 【知识模块】 会话 SECTION C NEWS BROADCAS
39、T Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 15 【听力原文】 The Mediterranean nation of Cyprus becomes one of 10 new members of the European
40、 Union on Saturday, but only the ethnic-Greek southern part of the island will join and under a cloud of international criticism after its people voted down a U. N. plan for reunification with Turkish Cypriots in the north. Well before its official entry into the European Union on May 1, the distinc
41、tive blue EU flag, with its circle of gold stars was fluttering in Cyprus. Cypriots seemed eager to take their place at the EU table. Former Cypriot President George Vassiliou was the chief negotiator for Cypruss accession to the union. “The European Union, in my opinion, is the future,“ he announce
42、d. “The European Union is exactly what we want to achieveforgetting about the past, forgetting about the wars and the suffering of the past and building together a future.” 16 【正确答案】 B 17 【正确答案】 A 18 【正确答案】 A 19 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推断题。第二段第四句提到； The only route to economic success for individuals or stat
43、es is working hard，最后说明 “Europeans have， on balance， followed those practices and therefore have prospered”，既然 Landes认为欧洲 之所以与众不同，主要是因为勤劳，由此可以推断贫穷国家是因为缺乏正确的劳动观而致贫。故 A为答案。 20 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。按照题日顺序及选项内容定位至第四段。首句指出：Landes does not argue that Europeans were beneficent bearers of civilization to a b
44、enighted world， A与此矛盾，排除。第二句指出欧洲扩张的原因： When one group is strong enough to push another around and stands to gain by it, it will do so B符合文意，故为答案。第三句中的 “specific cultural values enabled technological advances”表明 C不符合文意， D未提及，排除。 21 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 other historians定位至末段。首句指出 Landes等人的研究目标：确定欧洲文
45、明中的哪些普遍性因素使欧洲得以强大和现代化 。第二句指出： Other historians have placed a greater emphasis on such features as liberty， individualism， and Christianity可见这里是更具体的一些因素， Landes的研究范围更大，故 A为答案。 22 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。首句提到 Landes的研究重点在于概括性地找出那些让欧洲成长为大国，创造了现代化的欧洲文明的独特特征。接着第二句指出其他历史学家研究的重点：他们重点关注诸 如自由、个人主义及基督教这些特征。显然，这些历
46、史学家们所关注的是具体特征，由此推断 C为答案。 A是对末句的曲解。第二句提到 “西方文化和现代化之间的联系 ”，并未提及其他历史学家的态度，排除 B。 Landes和其他历史学家关注的角度不同，但并非观点对立，排除 D。 23 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 态度题。在对 Landes的作品进行介绍时，作者使用了诸如 he believes， Landes adds， Landes believes， Landes argues， Landes holds等 客观引述的结构，全文论述没有夹带作者自己的观点，末就 Landes的观点和作品进行任何评论，因此为客观引述，故 D为答案。 一、 PA
47、RT III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 24 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 英国国家概况 25 【正确答案 】 C 【试题解析】 英国浪漫主义时期的湖畔派诗人包括 A华兹华斯、 B柯勒律治和D罗伯特 骚塞。 C简 奥斯汀是英国第一位女性小说家。 【知识模块】 英国文学浪漫主义时期 26 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 1608年，法国探险家萨缪尔
48、德 尚普兰在现在的魁北克省 (Quebec)定居。现在魁北克省 80的人口为法国后裔，是北美地区的法国文化中心。 【知识模块】 人文知识 27 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 考查澳大利亚概况。佩斯 (Perth)，澳大利亚西 部城市，是距亚洲，非洲和欧洲许多主要城市最近的澳大利亚主要城市，这座印度洋中的美丽城市的生活水平居澳大利亚首位。墨尔本 (Melbourne)位于澳大利亚的东南海滨，是维多利亚州的首府、是仅次于悉尼的全国第二大城市。悉尼 (Sydney)是新南威尔士州的首府，也是澳大利亚第一大城市，有 “南半球纽约 ”之称。堪培拉是澳大利亚首都，建于 1911年。 28 【正确答案】
49、c 29 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 美国文学之作家概况。 Emily Dickinson是 19世纪美国著名的女诗人，是后现代主义的代 表人物，和 Walt Whitman齐名。代表作有 Im Nobody Who Are You?(我是无名小卒，你是谁 ? )。 30 【正确答案】 C 31 【正确答案】 A 32 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 非可分离性指的是谈话所涉及的言外之意与所谈及的语义内容相关联，而不与语言所用的形式相关联。 33 【正确答案】 C 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage
