1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 552及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 On the Origin of Body Language The Origin of Body Language has a lot to do with the emotions. The emotion
3、s are a hot topic of the 1990s. As we all know, social relationships are lubricated, glued together and【 1】 _ by the emotions. 【 1】 _ But how to express or develop emotions efficiently? Lets turn to Charles Darwins 1872 classic The Expression of the Emotions for answer. According to Darwin, emotions
4、 are expressed not【 2】 _but 【 2】 _ in body language. Darwin summed up three principles governing emotional expression. The first one refers to some emotions that are expressed in a way that i posturally appropriate for the related【 3】 _. Darwin called these 【 3】 _ expressions “serviceable associated
5、 habits,“ and they are the easiest to understand. His second principle is【 4】 _, which refers to some 【 4】 _ emotions that appear to be expressed by a【 5】 _opposite to that 【 5】 _ of the opposite emotion, this third principle, which has never found many supporters, is called the direct action of the
6、【 6】 _system trod it 【 6】 _ is used to explain, for instance, trembling as an expression of fear. Even before Darwin, some social and political theorists of the 18th century already held the general idea that emotional expression is unique to【 7】 _. They supposed that the Creator had installed blush
7、ing 【 7】 _ in humans to【 8】 _antisocial behavior and make social life possible.【 8】 _ Darwins original intention to write the book is to demonstrate the continuity of emotional expression between humans and many other 【 9】 _. But as his project grew it took on new dimensions, and 【 9】 _ he finally f
8、inished his book that was【 10】 _around his three 【 10】 _ principles of emotional expression but not the question of evolutionary continuity. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Lis
9、ten carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is the most striking feature of Parkers books to the inte
10、rviewer? （ A） They focus on the future of education. （ B） They mainly talk about education for all. （ C） They require participation of readers. （ D） They should be treated as one book. 12 What is the purpose of Parkers book? （ A） To find ways to establish virtual education system and to provide educ
11、ation for all. （ B） To examine the changes in university in the past and in the future. （ C） To promote the effort to solve problems of hunger, health through education. （ D） To explore a new way to engage public efforts in writing books via internet. 13 What is Parkers attitude to university in the
12、 future? （ A） Virtual global education system will replace university in the future. （ B） University will continue to play a key role in the future. （ C） Residential campus will be integrated into the virtual educational system. （ D） Universities should open their doors to every member in a society.
13、 14 Which is not the feedback to his books that Parker gets? （ A） Parker has embarked on a too ambitious project. （ B） His books failed to provide the latest information. （ C） He should pay more attention to modern technology. （ D） His books cannot satisfy people with different backgrounds. 15 Parke
14、r hopes that in the future his work can _. （ A） engage more people from different parts of the world （ B） attract more attention from the educational experts （ C） response better to the criticisms he received from the world （ D） develop into resource base for solving educational problems SECTION C N
15、EWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 It is_ that took the initiative in the merger? （ A） Arcelor （ B） Mittal Ste
16、el （ C） Luxemburg （ D） WTO 16 The Game of the Name Here comes John Smith walking toward me. Even though be is but a passing acquaintance, the American greeting ritual demands that I utter a few words to reassure him of my good will. But what form of address should I use? John? Smith? Dr. Smith? A de
17、cision such as this is usually made unconsciously. As native speakers in tile American speech community, we have grown up learning the rules of address at the same time that we were acquiring the grammatical vales of American - English. At first thought, it might seem a trivial pursuit to examine th
18、e ways in which we address one another. But forms of address reveal many assumptions we make about memebers of our speech community. Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. If the person being ad- dressed is a child, then almost all the rules that we have u
19、nconsciously assimilated can safelybe ignored, and we use the simple formula First Name. The child, in turn, addresses an adult by using the formula The plus Last Name. But defining a“ child“ is not always easy. 1 address my sons roommate at college by FN, even though he is an adult under the law. I
20、, too, have the relative age of a child to a 75 - year - old acquaintance who calls me Pete. Let us assume that John Smith is not a child who can be addressed by FN but is either my contemporary or my elder. The next important determiner for the form of address will then be the speech situation. If
21、the situation is a formal one, then I must disregard all other rules and use social Identity plus Last Name. John Smith will always be addressed as Dr. Smith (or sometimes simply as Doctor, with Last Name understood) in the medical setting of office or hospital. (I am allowed to call him if my statu
22、s is at least as high as his or if we are friends outside of our social roles, but the rest of my utterance must remain respectful. ) We arc also obliged to address certain other people by their social identity in formal situation: public officials (Congressman: Your Honor) , educators ( Professor o
23、r Doctor) ,leaders of meetings ( Mr. Chairman ) , Roman Catholic priests (Father Daily) and nuns (Sister Anna), and so forth. By the way, note the sexist distinction in the formulas for priests and nuns. The formula for a priest is Father plus Last Name, but for a nun it is Sister plus Religious Nam
24、e (usually an FN). Most conversations, however, arc not carried on in formal speech situations, and so the basic decision is when to use FN to TLN. A social acquaintance or newly hired colleague of approximately the same age and rank is usually introduced on an FN basis. “Pete, Id like you to meet H
25、arvy. “Now a problem arises if both age and rank of cone of the parties are higher: “Pete, Id like you to meet Attorney Brown.“ Attorney Brown may, of course, at any time signal me that he is willing to suspend the rules of address and allow an FN basis. Such a suspension is his privilege to bestow,
26、 and it is usually handled humorously, with a remark like, “I answer quicker to Bruce.“ Complications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same. A young doctor who joins a hospital finds it difficult to address a much older doctor. They are equal in rank (and therefore FN shoul
27、d be used) but the great disparity in ages calls for TLN. In such eases, the young doctor can use the No - Name (NN) formula, phrasing his utterances adroitly to avoid using any term of address at all. English is quite exceptional among the worlds languages in this respect. Most European languages o
28、blige the speaker to choose between the familiar and formal second person singular ( as in the French tu and vous) ,as English once did when “ thou“ was in use. This is the basic American system, but the rules vary according to speech situations, subtle friendship or kin relationships between the sp
29、eakers, regions of the country, and so forth. Southern speech, for example, adds the formula Title plus First Name (Mr. Charlic) to indicate familiar respect. Southerners are also likely to specify kin terms (as in Cousin Jane) whereas in most of the United States FN is used for cousins. Address to
30、strangers also alters some of the rules. A speaker usually addresses a stranger whose attire and behavior indicate higher status by saying sir. But sometimes speakers with low status address those with obviously higher status by spurning this rule and instead using Mac or buddy-as when a constructio
31、n worker asks a passing executive, socially identified by his atlaciecase, “You got a match, buddy?“ 17 According to the author the form of address is not based on _. （ A） relative ages （ B） speech situation （ C） relative ranks （ D） relative incomes 18 How do people address a public official correct
32、ly? （ A） Professor or Doctor. （ B） Father or Sister. （ C） Mr. Chairman. （ D） His Honor or Congressman. 19 Which formula is used when a young man addresses an elder person but with the same rank? （ A） FN. （ B） NN. （ C） TEN. （ D） SI or SILN. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are
33、 ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 20 The World War I broke out on June 28th, （ A） 1914. （ B） 1917. （ C） 1815. （ D） 1918 21 _analysis is a process of grammatical analysis according to which a syntactic construction can be analyzed into its basic
34、units. （ A） TG （ B） IC （ C） LAD （ D） ST 22 New Zealand was first discovered by the_explorer Abel Tasman in 1642. （ A） French （ B） Dutch （ C） English （ D） Spanish 23 _is essentially the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language. （ A） Phonology （ B） Morpheme （ C） Syntax （
35、D） Morphology 24 _proposed the idea of the surface structure and the deep structure. （ A） Bloomfield （ B） Halliday （ C） Saussure （ D） Chomsky 25 The minimal phonological unit is _. （ A） phoneme （ B） morpheme （ C） root （ D） syllable 26 _ proposed TG grammar. （ A） Hymes （ B） Chomsky （ C） Halliday （ D）
36、 Saussure 27 Of all the symbols, _, which are considered to represent fertility and new life, are those most frequently associated with Easter. （ A） the pumpkin and the turkey （ B） the lamb and the beef （ C） the spring peas and tile potatoes （ D） the egg and the rabbit 28 Which of the following can
37、NOT be the synonym of the word “father“ ? （ A） Old man. （ B） Daddy （ C） Dad. （ D） Parent. 29 Which of the following about bound morpheme is NOT true? （ A） Bound morpheme can not occur unattached. （ B） Bound morphemes are never words. （ C） All the prefixes are bound morphemes. （ D） Bound morphemes so
38、metimes can be used alone. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING It is impossible for me to grant this favor; He must follow his own course, I cannot stop him. “ In a set of four photographs, he shows how shoulder shrugging is posturally antithetical to someone who is in control or command. Darwins third principl
39、e has never found many supporters (not even Darwin himself). He called it the direct action of the nervous system and used it to explain, for instance, trembling as an expression of fear. Saying that trembling is caused by the direct action of the nervous system may not be all that enlightening, but
40、 I dont know that anyone has yet thought up anything better. The general idea that emotional expression is unique to humans was older still. Social and political theorists of the 18h century, including Adam Smith, supposed that the Creator had installed blushing in humans to check antisocial behavio
41、r and make social life possible. A connection between human emotional expression and social life was a standard, if minor, creationist theme in Darwins time. Darwin told Alfred Russel Wallace that he began his emotional project to “upset Sir C. Bell“ and to demonstrate the continuity of emotional ex
42、pression between humans and many other species. This purpose can be detected in the book. But as the project grew it took on new dimensions, and Darwin finally wrote his work up. It was structured around his three principles of emotional expression and not the question of evolutionary continuity. Ne
43、vertheless, he may have avoided discussing communication because it was a creationist hot button that he did not want to push. He could make his argument subtly more persuasive by avoiding it. 1 【正确答案】 dissolved / destroyed 2 【正确答案】 verbally 3 【正确答案】 behavior/action 4 【正确答案】 antithesis 5 【正确答案】 post
44、ure 6 【正确答案】 nervous 7 【正确答案】 humans / man 8 【正确答案】 check / control / restrain 9 【正确答案】 species 10 【正确答案】 structured/centered SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on
45、an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 10 【听力原文】 JM: I first encountered Parker Rossmans work in the early 1990s via his groundbreaking book, The Emerging Worldwide Electronic University: Inf
46、ormation Age Global Higher Education (Rossman,1992). When I saw that his current project is a freely accessible online book-in-progress on the future of lifelong and higher education, I asked if he would allow Technology Source readers to learn about and participate in the project. He graciously con
47、sented to this interview. Parker, I note on your Web site that you have three book-length volumes concerning the future of higher education: Volume I, The Future of Higher (Lifelong) Education and Virtual Space; Volume , Research On Global Crises, Still Primitive; and Volume III, Future Learning and
48、 Teaching. What struck me in particular was your note asking readers to contact you if they saw errors, or if they could contribute Web site URLs or in terms of information that were pertinent to the material. As these notes indicate, you clearly regard this to be a work in progress. Certainly this
49、is a great way to develop the manuscripts relatively quickly. What do you expect to accomplish via this technique? PR: My objectives are to examine the ways in which a global virtual education system can come into existence and to raise questions about needed research on learning, teaching, and overcoming the problems (such as hunger, bad health, war, and revolution) that sta
