1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 568及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Cryptic Coloring Cryptic coloring is the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. Cryptic co
3、loring, may be either general or special. General 1) In general resemblance the animal through its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but no special adaptation of shape and【 1】 _ 【 1】_ is required. 2) General resemblance is commonly employed by the animal inhabiting some uniforml
4、y colored expanse of the earth s surface, such as【 2】 _. The 【 2】_ effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling【 3】 _. 【 3】 _ Special Special resemblance is far commoner than the general one and is the form usually met with on the diversified surface【 4】 _, a
5、s well as on the floating masses of algae 【 4】 _ on the surface of the ocean. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular【 5】 _. 【 5】 _ Accordingly we can note that the animal trie
6、s to be hidden from view by becoming【 6】 _ from its background in case of 【 6】_ general resemblance while the animal tries to be mistaken for some well-known object in case of special resemblance. People have tried to explain these adaptations in two ways. 1) The first suggestion that the effect is
7、a result of the direct influence of the environment on the【 7】 _ breaks down when the complex nature of 【 7】_ numerous special resemblances is【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ 2) The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in【 9】 _. T
8、he 【 9】_ cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of many factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in【 10】 _. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section yo
9、u will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interview is mainly a
10、bout （ A） how to select universities in the UK. （ B） living in the UK for students. （ C） living in the UK for immigrants. （ D） how to find jobs in the UK. 12 According to George Allen, tuition fees mostly depend on （ A） the university students own choices. （ B） the location of the university. （ C） t
11、he type of course students take. （ D） the teaching facilities of the university. 13 What does George Allen think about food in the UK? （ A） It is boring and uninteresting. （ B） It is very good. （ C） People use too many spices in their cooking. （ D） Local pubs provide cheap food with good quality. 14
12、 Which place has the best nightlife in Britain? （ A） London. （ B） Manchester. （ C） Birmingham. （ D） Southwest of England. 15 People can get information about the UK from all the following EXCEPT （ A） guide books. （ B） Internet. （ C） the British Council. （ D） the university accommodation office. SECT
13、ION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following is NOT a consequence if temperature rises by
14、4 degrees? （ A） Some areas will experience an increase of more than 4 degrees in temperature. （ B） There will be less precipitation globally. （ C） More animals will be on the verge of extinction. （ D） Some areas will be flooded. 17 1 Mr. Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his wind
15、ow on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. Th
16、e cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she degraded herself; she had degraded him. His souls companion. He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seem carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman
17、. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been unfit to live, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of the wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outbur
18、st of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken. 2 As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand touched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his n
19、erves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the public-house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch. 3 The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There
20、were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentlemans estate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr. Dully sat on his stool and gazed at th
21、em, without seeing or hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swishing along the lonely road outside. 4 As
22、he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that she had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ease. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have
23、lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that she was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night after night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ceased to exist, became a memory - if anyone rememb
24、ered him. 17 Mr. Duffys immediate reaction to the report of the womans death was that of （ A） disgust. （ B） guilt. （ C） grief. （ D） compassion. 18 It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the womans death in a _ manner. （ A） detailed （ B） provocative （ C） discreet （ D） sensa
25、tional 19 We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr. Duffy was in a (n)_mood. （ A） angry （ B） fretful （ C） irritable （ D） remorseful 20 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Mr. Dully once confided in the woman. （ B） Mr. Duffy felt an intense sense of shame
26、. （ C） The woman wanted to end the relationship. （ D） They became estranged probably after a quarrel. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 21 Whitmans poems are characterized by all the fo
27、llowing features EXCEPT （ A） the strict poetic form. （ B） the free and natural rhythm. （ C） the easy flow of feelings. （ D） the simple and conversational language. 22 President Jefferson bought_from France and doubled the countrys territory. （ A） New Mexico （ B） the Louisiana Territory （ C） Kansas （
28、 D） Ohio 23 Wuthering Heights is written by_Bronte. （ A） Charlotte （ B） Anne （ C） Emily （ D） Catherine 24 What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of （ A） reference. （ B） meaning. （ C） antonymy. （ D） context. 25 The study of_does NOT form the core of linguistics. （ A） sy
29、ntax （ B） pragmatics （ C） morphology （ D） sociolinguistics 26 _ delivered his world-famous speech Gettysburg Address during the Civil War. （ A） Cromwell （ B） Lincoln （ C） Churchill （ D） Nixon 28 The period of Modern English extends from _ to the present day. （ A） the 15th century （ B） the 16th centu
30、ry （ C） the 17th century （ D） the 18th century 29 “God help those who help themselves“ is a citation from the work of _. （ A） Paine （ B） Franklin （ C） Freneau （ D） Jefferson 30 Ronald Reagan used to be a _. （ A） basketball player （ B） sports radio announcer （ C） conservative political columnist （ D）
31、 sports writer 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected. In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to
32、produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from View by becoming
33、 indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object. In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. The first seeks to explain the effect as a result of
34、 the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (J.B.P.Lamarck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in ea
35、ch generation. The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitu
36、de. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any an
37、d every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H.
38、 Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow. The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same lint as the environment (e. g. earth), bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the
39、belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate t
40、he great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a pan of a leaf. This method of rendering invisible any pan which would interfere with
41、 the resemblance is well know in mimicry. 1 【正确答案】 outline 2 【正确答案】 an ocean or a desert 3 【正确答案】 contrast 4 【正确答案】 of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water 5 【正确答案】 attitudes 6 【正确答案】 indistinguishable 7 【正确答案】 individual 8 【正确答案】 appreciated 9 【正确答案】 each generation 10 【正确答案】 the theory o
42、f natural selection SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following fiv
43、e questions. Now listen to the interview. 10 【听力原文】 Interviewer (W) George Allen (M) W: Good morning, listeners. Today Id like to introduce our guest speaker George Allen from the British Council, who is going to talk to us about living in the UK. George, over to you. M: Thank you. As you are no dou
44、bt aware the UK is becoming a popular destination for people who wish to study at university, so what Id like to do is, well, just give you listeners an insight into what living in the UK is really like. You know, what to expect when you get there and the cost of living, as well as what to do before
45、 you arrive in the UK. W: What do students have to consider first before they go? M: Finance, of course. Britain is quite an expensive place to live in. Therefore, you need to consider costs very carefully. And one of the major expenses is tuition fees. University courses range from about 5,000 poun
46、ds to 8,000 pounds, depending on the type of course, Then, other expenses such as books, which can cost about 500 pounds per year. W: Thats a considerable amount. Then where do you suggest students to stay? M: As for accommodation, many people prefer to stay in the universitys hall of residence beca
47、use living on campus is a lot cheaper than living off campus. A room in halls would cost you about 80 pounds per week outside of London. The north of England, however, is much cheaper. W: Then what about living off campus? M: Well, you can rent a private house with a group of other students. You may
48、 think this would be an expensive option, but if you share the cost with three or four other students it can actually work out cheaper than a room on campus. But do bear in mind that you have additional transport costs to and from university. However, if anyone is interested in renting off campus, the university accommodation can offer advice, and even help you to find a suitable place. W: Thats good news. What is the climate like in the UK? M: Britain is famous for its bad weather and for good reasons. It rains often in the UK, and even in the summer it can still be quite cold. So take plen
