1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 572及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Techniques for Group Discussion Learning how to participate in group discussion could be one of the most
3、important skills you can acquire in college. The following suggestions will help you improve your discussion techniques. . Be willing to speak【 1】 Many students are afraid to speak extemporaneously in a group. To take an active role in your education, you must learn to overcome “speech【 2】 “. . Be w
4、illing to listen. Attentive listening is not【 3】 hearing, the sort of one-way receptivity we habitually experience when we tune in to our radio, cassette players, and television sets. Perhaps a good discussion depends on good【 4】 . . Be willing to examine all sides of a topic. Complex topics are【 5】
5、 ; we should see them from a variety of angles. Discussion is an excellent way to broaden our【 6】 and deepen our insight into complex ideas and issues. . Be willing to【 7】 judgment. To explore ideas in a free and open manner, you will need to develop a receptivity to the opinions of others even when
6、 they【 8】 your own. Discussion is not debate; its primary purpose is communications, not【 9】 . . Be willing to prepare. Effective discussion is not merely impromptu conversation. It demands a certain degree of【 10】 . 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B I
7、NTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the
8、interview. 11 What are the speakers mainly discussing? （ A） Memberships in a food co - up. （ B） The benefits of health food. （ C） Shopping in the supermarket. （ D） The current cost of foo 12 What change does the woman suggest the co - up make? （ A） Lowering its prices. （ B） Selling more household ne
9、cessities. （ C） Changing its membership rules. （ D） Opening up more checkout lines. 13 What is one thing the members of the co - up must do? （ A） Avoid junk food. （ B） Attend monthly meetings. （ C） Buy cleaning supplies at the co - up. （ D） Work at the co - up. 14 Why might the man join the co - up?
10、 （ A） To save money on food. （ B） To buy food without additives. （ C） To do all his shopping in one place. （ D） To meet other health - conscious peopl 15 Whats the advantage for the people who join the co - up for 6 month period? （ A） The membership fee is lower. （ B） They can help choose the produc
11、ts that will be sold. （ C） They may attend fewer meetings. （ D） They may go to the co -up more times per week. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will b
12、e given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Mr. Greenspan warned that_. （ A） protectionism would hurt America （ B） globalization would be harmful to America （ C） more and more people would lose their jobs （ D） the prices would increase by 12 percent 17 According to Greenspan, what is essential to
13、 the economic success of a country? （ A） improvement in everyday life. （ B） improvement in educational system. （ C） lower wages and more working hours. （ D） more experienced workers and technicians. 17 The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approxim
14、ately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to population. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the opposite sex. This is esse
15、ntially a “group selection“ argument. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This “genetic“ argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes.
16、 That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females: then an individual who produced sons only would have more grand children. In contrast, if the po
17、pulation consisted mostly of males, it would pay to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to- one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an “evolutionarily stable strategy“. Although Fi
18、sher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essential feature of a gamethat the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing. Since Fishers time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chromosome or gamete in whic
19、h they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining ( X or Y) chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species
20、 that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fishers argument, it should still pay a female to produ
21、ce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their hostthe larva of another insectand that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pa
22、y her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy. 18 The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Ham
23、ilton was similar in that both scientists_. （ A） conducted their research at approximately the same time （ B） sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied （ C） sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable （ D） studied game theory, thereby providi
24、ng important groundwork for the later development of strategy theory 19 According to the passage, successful game strategy depends on_. （ A） the ability to adjust ones behavior in light of the behavior of others （ B） ones awareness that there is safety in numbers （ C） the degree of stability one can
25、 create in ones immediate environment （ D） the accuracy with which one can predict future events 20 Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage? （ A） Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm. （ B） Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of o
26、ther insects. （ C） The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that was hatched in the same larva as herself. （ D） So few male wasps are produced that extinction is almost certain. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choos
27、e the best answer to each question. 21 The largest immigration movement took place after_. （ A） 1917 （ B） 1890 （ C） 1845 （ D） 1815 22 _is best known for his fiction involving hard-working mid-western farmers. （ A） Jack London （ B） Theodore Dreiser （ C） Hamlin Garland （ D） Henry James 23 Britain is s
28、eparated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _ and the North Sea in the east. （ A） east （ B） south （ C） west （ D） north 24 “big“ and “small“ are a pair of_opposites. （ A） complementary （ B） gradable （ C） complete （ D） converse 25 _is concerned with the study of the actual use of la
29、nguage in communication. （ A） Sociolinguistics （ B） Semantics （ C） Pragmatics （ D） Synchronic linguistics 26 _ has been called the “cradle of American liberty“. （ A） Philadelphia （ B） Boston （ C） Plymouth （ D） Chicago 27 Modern Linguists give priority to _ rahter than _. （ A） prescriptiveness; descr
30、iptiveness （ B） the spoken language; the written language （ C） grammar; context （ D） structure; form 28 Easter falls officially on the _ Sunday after the full moon of March. （ A） first （ B） second （ C） third （ D） fourth 29 The national Christian Church in Scotland is _ which was not finally establis
31、hed as _ until 1690. （ A） the Church of Scotland; Presbyterian （ B） the Church of Scotland; Protestant （ C） the Church of England; Puritan （ D） the Church of England; Catholicand Protestant 30 The indigenous inhabitants of New Zealand are known as _. （ A） the Abyssinians （ B） the Maori （ C） the Abor
32、iginal people （ D） the Attimewk 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING you know where services are located and how to use them; you understand some of the customs that accompany ordinary life, and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to them. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you ma
33、y regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the honeymoon stage. If you stay long enough un a visit from a big city to a small town, or, the other way round, you may2 become so well adapted to the new environment that when you return to your original home, you will again experience cultu
34、re shock. For some people, it may take several days to readjust, depending on the length of time they were away. Usual y, however, since you are in your home culture, your shock wears off faster than the shock that you experienced in the new culture. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a c
35、omposition of about 400 words on the following topic. 34 Unsatisfied about their dormitory conditions on the campus, some college students prefer to live off campus. This has caused concern of the authorities. What is your opinion about the matter? Write an essay of about 400 words on. College Stude
36、nts Should (Not) Be Permitted to Live off Campus In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a s
37、ummary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 572答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture.
38、You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes
39、to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Techniques for Group Discussion Like writing, discussion is a learned activity. Learning how to participate in group discussion could be one of the most important skills you can acquire in college. It
40、 will be an asset in nearly every course and make youngsters prepared for a professional career. To be adept at any kind of serious group discussion you must develop a variety of skills-in speaking, listening, thinking, and reading. The following will help you improve your discussion techniques: 1.
41、Be willing to speak in public. Good discussion depends on the lively participation of all group members, not (as so often happens)on the participation of a vocal few. Many students, however, do not join discussions because they are afraid to speak extemporaneously in a group. This fear is quite comm
42、on-so common, in fact, that according to a leading communication consultant, Michael T. Motley, psychological surveys “show that what Americans fear most-more than snakes, heights, disease, financial problems, or even death-is speaking before a group.“ To take an active role in your education you mu
43、st learn to overcome “speech anxiety.“ Professor Motley offers the following advice to those who are terrified of speaking before a group: Stop thinking of public speaking as a performance and start thinking of it as communication. He believes that people choke up or feel butterflies in their stomac
44、hs when starting to speak because they worry more about how people will respond than about what they themselves have to say. “Most audiences,“ he reminds us, “are more interested in hearing what we have to say than in evaluating our speech skills.“ 2. Be willing to listen. No one can participate in
45、group discussion who doesnt listen attentively. Attentive listening, however, is not passive hearing, the sort of one-way receptivity we habitually experience when we tune in to our radios, cassette players, and television sets. A good listener knows it is important not only to attend closely to wha
46、t someone is saying but to understand why he or she is saying it. Attentive listening also requires that we understand a statements connection to previous statements and its relation to the discussion as a whole. Perhaps the most valuable result of attentive listening is that it leads to the one ele
47、ment that open and lively group discussion depends on: good questions. An expert on group dynamics claims that most ineffective discussions “are characterized by a large number of answers looking for questions.“ When the interesting questions start popping up, group discussion has truly begun. 3. Be
48、 willing to examine all sides of a topic. Good discussion techniques require that we be patient with complexity. Difficult problems rarely have obvious solutions that can be conveniently summarized in popular slogans. Complex topics are multifaceted; they demand to be turned over in our minds so tha
49、t we can see them from a variety of angles. Group discussion, because it provokes a number of divergent viewpoints, is an excellent way to broaden our perspectives and deepen our insight into complex ideas and issues. 4. Be willing to suspend judgment. Class discussion is best conducted in an open minded and tolerant spirit. To explore ideas and issues in a free and open manner, you will need to develop a receptivity to the opinions of others even
