1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 627及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Audience Audience is a very important concept for writing. The audience influences the content, structure
3、, style, etc of your writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of 1. Your social relations Through writing, you are making social 【 1】 _ with other members of the society. 【 1】 _ 2. Their 【 2】 _of your subject 【 2】 _ This analysis is particularly valuable in【 3】 【 3】 _ _writing. 3. Their 【
4、 4】 _ to the subject and your 【 4】 _ position in the writing This analysis is extremely important in 【 5】 _ 【 5】 _ writing. 1)To those who agree, 【 6】 _ the importance 【 6】 _ of your position; 2 )To those who are neutral or undecided, address their 【 7】 _ as directly and fully as possible; 【 7】 _ 3)
5、To whose who disagree, try to find out why they disagree. There may be two reasons for their disagreement: lack of information personal, poetical, or 【 8】 _reasons 【 8】 _ For the former, give them relevant information as 【 9】 _as possible. 【 9】 _ For the latter, you need to show your 【 10】 _ 【 10】 _
6、 of them and address them accordingly. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. A
7、t the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativity （ A） appears to be the result of the environment. （ B） seems to be attributable to genetic makeup. （ C
8、） appears to be more associated with great people. （ D） comes from both environment and genetic makeup. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given
9、 10 seconds to answer the questions. 12 The ceremony held by Gypsies also serves to call peoples attention to discrimination against them, especially in （ A） Eastern Europe （ B） Northern Europe （ C） Western Europe （ D） Southern Europe 13 The ceremony was observed with all the following EXCEPT （ A） s
10、peeches （ B） mournful music （ C） parade （ D） visit 13 People are moving to cities in droves. In 1950, two-thirds of the worlds population lived in the countryside. New York was then the only settlement with more than 10 million people. Today there are 20 such megacities, and more are on their way. M
11、ost of these megacities are in developing countries that are struggling to cope with both the speed and the scale of human migration. Estimates of the future spread of urbanization are based on the observation that in Europe, and in North and South America, the urban share of the total population ha
12、s stabilized at 75 %- 85 %. If the rest of the world follows this path it is expected that in the next decade an extra 100 million people will join the cities of Africa, and 340 million the cities of Asia: the equivalent of a new Bangkok every two months. By 2030 nearly two-thirds of the worlds popu
13、lation will be urban. In the long run, that is good news. If countries now industrializing follow the pattern of those that have already done so, their city-dwellers will be both more prosperous and healthier. Man is gregarious species, and the words“ urbane“ and “civilized“ both derive from the adv
14、antages of living in large settlements. History also shows, though, that the transition can be uncomfortable. The slums of Manchester were, in their time, just as awful as those of Nairobi today. But people moved there for exactly the same reason: however nasty conditions seemed, the opportunities o
15、f urban life outstripped those of the countryside. The question is how best to handle the change. If there is one thing that everybody agrees on, it is that urbanization is unstoppable. Migrants attempting to escape poverty, and refugees escaping conflict, are piling into cities in what the executiv
16、e director of UN-HABITAT, Anna, Tibailjuka, describes as“ premature urbanization.“ Dr Tibailjuka believes it might be possible to slow the pace of migration from the countryside with policies that enhance security and rural livelihoods. There is room for debate, though, over whether better rural dev
17、elopment in any form can seriously slow the pace of urbanization- or even whether such a slowdown would be a good thing. Michael Mutter, an urban planning adviser at the British governments Department for International Development (DFID), says that the relevant indicators suggest that in many countr
18、ies the effective“ carrying capacity“ of rural areas has been reached. As happened in Europe in the 18th century, population growth and technological improvements to agriculture are creating a surplus population. That surplus has to go somewhere to earn its living. Indeed, some people go so far so t
19、o argue that governments, international donors and aid agencies spend too much on rural development and neglect the cities. Most countries have a rural development policy, but only a few have urban ones. DFID, for example, spends only 5% of its budget directly on urban development. Moreover, these c
20、ritics point out that, although rural areas often have worse sanitation, illiteracy and homelessness than cities, such figures are deceptive. Being illiterate, homeless or without access to a flush toilet are far more serious problems in a crowded city than in the countryside. Of the many lessons be
21、ing learnt from past urban-development failures, one of the most important is that improvements must involve local people in a meaningful way. Even when it comes to the poorest slum- dwellers, some governments and city authorities are realizing that people are their own greatest assets. Slumdwellers
22、 International is a collection of“ grassroots“ federations of people living in slums. Its idea is simple. Slum-dwellers in a particular place get together and form a federation to strengthen local savings and credit schemes, and to lobby for greater co-operation with the authorities. Such federation
23、s are having a big impact on slum-upgrading schemes around the world. By surveying local needs and acting as voices for slum-dwellers, these federations have been able to show the authorities that shim-dwellers are not simply a homogenous and anonymous mass of urban poor, but are real people in need
24、 of real services. They have also been able to apply pressure for improvements in security of tenure- either through temporary guarantees of residency or, better still, formal ownership. Such secure tenure gives people an incentive to improve their dwellings and is thus the crucial first step to upg
25、rading a slum into a suburb. Over the past six years, South Africas government has been pursuing an active programme of housing improvement. The government quickly realized that, with the poor in the majority, providing social housing for all would be impossible. The minister for housing, Sakie Mthe
26、mbi-Mahanyele, says the approach that has worked so far has been a combination of government, the private sector and the poor themselves. The poor, says Mrs. Mthembi-Mahanyele, have responsibilities, and the government meets them halfway. Those with an income are expected to contribute some of it to
27、 the building of their houses. Those without are asked to contribute“ sweat equity“ by helping to build with their own hands. South Africa has also transferred ownership of more than 380,000 council houses, worth more than 28 billion rand ($2.7 billion) to private individuals. With these houses as c
28、ollateral for loans, owners have already started to upgrade and improve their properties. There is still a long way to go. An estimated 2-3 million more houses are needed. She adds that the government is still wrestling with financial institutions to get a better deal for the poor. 14 The passage is
29、 mainly concerned with _. （ A） the side effects of urbanization. （ B） megacities in developing countries. （ C） the causes behind immigration to cities. （ D） ways to slow down the pace of immigration. 15 It can be inferred from the passage that Nairobi is _. （ A） a megacity with slums. （ B） a palace
30、of hunger and conflict. （ C） all industrialized city. （ D） a rural area with a surplus population. 16 Anna Tibaijuka (Para. 5) and Michael Mutter (para.7) seem to differ over _. （ A） the benefits of urbanization. （ B） the process of urbanization. （ C） the causes of urbanization. （ D） the cost of urb
31、anization. 17 According to the passage, some slumdwellers are not interested in improving their environments because they _. （ A） are unsure of their residency. （ B） dislike urbanization. （ C） are used to the president environment. （ D） are homogeneous and anonymous. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (1
32、0 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 18 The longest reign in British history was the monarch of_, which lasted from 1837 to 1901. （ A） Queen Elizabeth I （ B） Queen Victoria （ C） Queen Mary I （ D） Henry VIII 19 Tasmania i
33、s an island which lies in the_of the Australian mainland. （ A） north of the northeastern corner （ B） south of the southeastern corner （ C） east of the northeastern corner （ D） west of the southeastern corner 20 Which of the following is NOT the function of language? （ A） Metalingual function. （ B） I
34、nterpersonal function. （ C） Emotive function. （ D） Cultural transmission. 21 In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when _ became world famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage. （ A） the Beach Boys （ B） the Rolling Stone （ C） the Animals （ D） the Beatles 22 Wh
35、ich of the following is relational opposites? （ A） Single vs married （ B） Hot vs cold （ C） Ahve vs dead （ D） Husband vs wife. 23 _ linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time, without reference to earlier or later stages. （ A） Diachronic （ B） Synchronic （ C）
36、Historical （ D） Comparative 24 It is taken as a great contribution made by _ that languages in the world are classified into different language families according to their genetic relations. （ A） modem linguists （ B） traditional grammarians （ C） sociolinguists （ D） historical linguists 25 Maples rem
37、ind one of _. （ A） Australia （ B） Canada （ C） New Zealand （ D） America 26 Christmas tree in New Zealand is the red （ A） kowhai. （ B） totara. （ C） pohutukawa. （ D） kauri. 27 Henry James kind of realism can best be described as _. （ A） psychological realism （ B） critical realism （ C） naturalism （ D） s
38、urrealism 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING 2. your audiences knowledge about your subject; 3. your audiences attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. Lets discuss them one by one. Now, first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, yo
39、u are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a colleague? To the director of your business firm? To the admission office of an American college? In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relationship has a
40、 definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her fight mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies. The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about
41、. This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival to Thanksgiving, how much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously
42、, vary little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you want to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. The emphasis here should be to show the
43、 striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed information on each holiday. Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. This analysis is vitally important in writing persu
44、asive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. In a persuasive essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audience
45、s into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree. When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about
46、 developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is reiterate why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world. When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecid
47、ed, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with todays new tuition policy and practice, those students will b
48、e priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more lair and efficient alter
49、native solutions? Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily. And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different rea
