1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 633及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 . Platos idea of goodness and justice A. A good and just society depends on【 1】 of 3 groups of people: wo
3、rkers soldiers leaders B. A good society can happen if workers and soldiers learn【 2】 C. A person can be said to be good, Plato believes, if he brings desires emotions intellect in【 3】 . Aristotles idea of HappinessA. Aristotle is interested in【 4】 Distinction between 1. extrinsic value 2. intrinsic
4、 valueB. Distinction 1. extrinsic value not for themselves 2. intrinsic value【 5】 e. g. 1. Exercise If one emphasis the value of exercise for itself than he recognize【 6】 value of exercises 2. Health If health enables me to do a lot of other things, then health had【 7】 3. teaching Teaching does not
5、have【 8】 for all people. C. Happiness 1. All agree that happiness is【 9】 to be valued for itself and only for itself. 2. What is happiness? His criteria is True human happiness should be the【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and
6、 then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 At first, Britney thinks that the topic of Martins research is （ A） fascinating
7、. （ B） tedious. （ C） interesting. （ D） valueless. 12 According to the conversation, bananas have to be grown in the hothouse in the UK because （ A） they are quite popular there and people may steal them. （ B） the soil there is not fertile enough to grow them. （ C） the climate in the UK is not warm e
8、nough to grow them. （ D） bananas grown in the hothouse are more nutritious. 13 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） It can take up to three years for a banana tree to bear fruit if it isnt taken care of. （ B） You can harvest several bunches of bananas from a banana tree. （ C） Modern
9、growing methods have shortened the time for a banana tree to bear fruits. （ D） When the bananas are harvest, the banana tree should be cut down. 14 According to Martin, the aim of putting plastic bags around the bunches is to （ A） keep banana trees growing fast. （ B） prevent bananas from going bad.
10、（ C） protect the bunches from cold weather. （ D） make the bananas ripen beforehand. 15 From the conversation, we can learn _ imports bananas from Martins country. （ A） Europe （ B） Asia （ C） Australia （ D） New Zealand SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE
11、ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The safty debate is now focused on protection of _. （ A） the spectators and officials （ B） the cars （ C） the sports stars （ D） All of the above 17
12、Mosley, head of the FIA, has promised _. （ A） further actions to force speeds up （ B） further actions to force speeds down （ C） no further actions to force speeds up （ D） no further actions to force speeds down 17 Catastrophic volcanic eruptions in Europe may have culled Neanderthals to the point wh
13、ere they couldnt bounce back, according to a controversial new theory. Modern humans, though, squeaked by, thanks to fallback populations in Africa and Asia, researchers say. About 40,000 years ago in what we now call Italy and the Caucasus Mountains, which straddle Europe and Asia, several volcanoe
14、s erupted in quick succession, according to a new study to be published in the October issue of the journal Current Anthropology. Its likely the eruptions reduced or wiped out local bands of Neanderthals and indirectly affected farther-flung populations, the team concluded after analyzing pollen and
15、 ash from the affected area. The researchers examined sediments layer from around 40,000 years ago in Russias Mezmaiskaya Cave and found that the more volcanic ash a layer had, the less plant pollen it contained. “We tested all the layers for this volcanic ash signature. The most volcanic-ash-rich l
16、ayer“likely corresponding to the so-called Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, which occurred near Naples“had no (tree) pollen and very little pollen from other types of plants,“ said study team member Naomi Cleghorn. “Its just a sterile layer.“ The loss of plants would have led to a decline in plant-eat
17、ing mammals, which in turn would have affected the Neanderthals, who hunted large mammals for food. “This idea of an environmental cause for the Neanderthals demise has been out in the literature. What were trying to do is point out a specific mechanism,“ said Cleghorn, an anthropologist at the Univ
18、ersity of Texas, Arlington. Other theories propose that modern humans played a vital role in the fall of the Neanderthals, either through competition, warfare, or interbreeding. If the volcanoes theory is correct, the Neanderthals end was much more tragic: dying slowly in a cold and desolate landsca
19、pe bereft of food sources. “Its hard to say what it would have been like to be the last few groups out there, seeing other groups less and less over the years,“ Cleghorn said. The Neanderthals were a hardy species that lived through multiple ice ages and would have been familiar with volcanoes and o
20、ther natural calamities. But the eruptions 40,000 years ago were unlike anything Neanderthals had faced before, Cleghorn and company say. For one thing, all the volcanoes apparently erupted around the same time. And one of those blasts, the Campanian Ignimbrite, is thought to have been the most powe
21、rful eruption in Europe in the last 200,000 years. “Its much easier to adapt to something thats happening over a couple of generations,“ Cleghorn said. “You can move around, you can find other places to live, and your population can rebound. “ “This is not that kind of event,“ she said, “This is uni
22、que. “ There may also have been small bands of Homo sapiens living in Europe at the time, Cleghorn said. They too would have been affected by the eruptions. But modern humans likely avoided extinction because they had larger populations in Africa and Asia, she said, while most Neanderthals were in E
23、urope around this time. “With their small population groups, Neanderthals did not really have a great source population,“ Cleghorn said. “They didnt really have the numbers and the density“ to rebuild their populations after the eruptions. The researchers acknowledge that there are gaps in the volca
24、noes theory. For instance, the time line needs to be better defineddid the volcanic eruptions occur in a period of months, years, or decades? “At this point, its impossible to pin down a reliable date“ for the eruptions, Cleghorn said. “We cant say that this eruption happened 50 years before the nex
25、t eruption. We just dont have that kind of resolution. “ Its also unknown exactly how long it took the Neanderthals to die outor how long after the eruptions modern humans began settling Europe in force, she said. Anthropologist John Hoffecker, though, suggests that modern humans had already begun c
26、rowding out Neanderthals in Europe long before the eruptions in question. Judging from discoveries of modern-human artifacts in former Neanderthal strongholds, Hoffecker said, “Neanderthals were clearly in trouble well before 40,000 years ago, because modern humans were occupying certain places, suc
27、h as Italy, where Neanderthals had been present. So something clearly had gone wrong there. “ Perhaps, he added, the volcanic eruptions just dealt the final blow. “Im not entirely convinced thats the case either,“ said Hoffecker, of the University of Colorado. “But at least thats a plausible scenari
28、o thats consistent with the chronology. “ Study co-author Cleghorn counters that the modern human populations living in Europe 40,000 years ago were small and isolated, and only after the Neanderthals were gone did Homo sapiens populations explode. “If modern humans were making any forays into Europ
29、ean Neanderthal territory prior to this, they were doing it only on the very margins,“ Cleghorn said. “What was keeping them from moving very quickly into the heart of Europe? We think Neanderthals were still holding their own and might have held out for much longer, if it hadnt been for the devasta
30、ting impact of these eruptions. “ 18 What does “bounce back“ mean in the first paragraph? （ A） leap suddenly （ B） recover from a terrible situation （ C） refuse to accept （ D） come back after being refused 19 According to the volcanoes theory, which of the following is NOT the reason for Neanderthals
31、 extinction? （ A） The loss of plants caused by volcano eruption led to a decline in plant-eating mammals as well as Neanderthals. （ B） The number of Neanderthals decreased due to Modern humans competition, warfare, or interbreeding. （ C） The lack of food sources led to the extinction of Neanderthals
32、. （ D） The Neanderthals were unfamiliar with and unprepared for volcanoes and other natural calamities. 20 We can learn from the fifth paragraph all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） the Neanderthals had once survived several ice ages and was experienced in coping with volcano eruptions （ B） the extinctio
33、n of Neanderthals resulted from a succession of volcano eruptions （ C） the volcano eruption happening 40,000 years ago was the most powerful one in the history （ D） neanderthals could not adapt to the sudden change of their surroundings 21 The volcanoes theory cannot convince everyone because_. （ A）
34、 there are gaps in the volcanoes theory and the time line is not clearly defined （ B） modern humans had not yet spread into the heart of Europe （ C） modern humans were not as experienced as Neanderthals in coping with natural calamity （ D） the population of Neanderthals was much larger than that of
35、modern humans 22 The best title of this passage can be_. （ A） Volcanoes killed off Neanderthals （ B） Modern humans escaped extinction due to their farther-flung populations （ C） Climate Change wiped out Neanderthals （ D） The competition between Neanderthals and Modern humans TEXT D 一、 PART III GENER
36、AL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 The World War I broke out on June 28th, （ A） 1914. （ B） 1917. （ C） 1815. （ D） 1918 24 The U.S. Congress is composed of_. （ A） the Senate and the House of Representat
37、ives （ B） the Senate and the House of Commons （ C） the House of Lords and the House of Representatives （ D） the House of Lords and the House of Commons 25 Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested and sentenced to death because_. （ A） of their radical political views （ B） of their guilt of stealing $16,000 （
38、 C） of their guilt of killing two people （ D） of their bad behavior 26 Male/female, married/single and alive/dead are examples of （ A） complementarity. （ B） gradability. （ C） synonymy. （ D） relational opposites. 27 The poem To Autumn was written by （ A） Shelly. （ B） Byron. （ C） Wordsworth. （ D） Keat
39、s. 28 A new president in America is elected every _. （ A） five years （ B） six years （ C） four years （ D） three years 29 Robert Frost was an _. （ A） American novelist （ B） English short- story writer （ C） English essayist （ D） American poet 30 The principal religion of Canada is _. （ A） Roman Catholi
40、cism （ B） Protestantism （ C） Orthodox Church （ D） Calvinism 31 Morphemes that can occur “unattached“ are called_ morphemes. （ A） inflectional （ B） bound （ C） free （ D） derivational 32 Canada is bounded on the north by （ A） the Pacific Ocean. （ B） the Atlantic Ocean. （ C） the Arctic Ocean. （ D） the G
41、reat Lakes. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING I just play a musical instrument for fun. Why do I value playing music? Well, like most amateur musicians, I only play, because, well, I enjoy it. Its something thats an end in itself. Now, something else I value is teaching. Why? Well, it brings in a modest incom
42、e, but I could make more money doing other things. Id do it even if they didnt pay me. I just enjoy teaching. In that sense its an end to itself. But teachings not something that has intrinsic value for all peopleand thats true generally. Most things that are enjoyed in and of themselves vary from p
43、erson to person. Some people value teaching intrinsically, but others dont. So how does all this relate to human happiness? Well, Aristotle asks: is there something that all human beings value . . . and value only intrinsically, for its own sake and only for its own sake? If you could find such a th
44、ing, that would be the universal final good, or truly the ultimate purpose or goal for all human beings. Aristotle thought the answer was yes. What is it? Happiness. Everyone will agree, he argues, that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself and really only for itself. For what other
45、purpose is there in being happy? What does it yield? The attainment of happiness becomes the ultimate or highest good for Aristotle. The next question that Aristotle raises is: what is happiness? We all want it; we all desire it; we all seek it. Its the goal we have in life. But what is it? How do w
46、e find it? Here he notes, with some frustration, people disagree. But he does give us a couple of criteria, or features, to keep in mind as we look for what true human happiness is. True human happiness should be, as he puts it, complete. Complete in that its all we require. Well, true human happine
47、ss . . . if you had that, what else do you need? Nothing. And, second, true happiness should be something that I can obtain on my own. I shouldnt have to rely on other people for it. Many people value fame and seek fame. Fame for them becomes the goal. But, according to Aristotle, this wont work eit
48、her, because fame depends altogether too much on other people. I can t get it on my own, without help from other people. Now, we have learned about Aristotles ethical theory. I hope youll find it useful in guiding your own life and make it a happy one. 1 【正确答案】 cooperation 2 【正确答案】 moderation or sel
49、f-control 3 【正确答案】 harmony 4 【正确答案】 human happiness 5 【正确答案】 for themselves 6 【正确答案】 intrinsic 7 【正 确答案】 extrinsic value 8 【正确答案】 intrinsic value 9 【正确答案】 the ultimate end 10 【正确答案】 exercise of reason SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of th
