1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 635及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Non-Verbal Communication In this talk, we are going to talk about the definition of non-verbal communicat
3、ion, dimensions of non-verbal communication and impression formation and management of nonverbal communication. I. Definition and the five primary functions A. Definition: Communication that is produced by some means other than words B. The five primary functions 1. Expression of Emotion Through the
4、 face,【 B1】 _, and voice【 B1】 _ 2.【 B2】 _of Interpersonal Attitudes【 B2】 _ Tone of voice, gaze, and touch 3. Accompany and Support Speech Nodding ones head Using phrases like “uh-huh“ when another is talking 4. Self-Presentation Appearance 5. 【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ Greetings, handshakes or other rituals II.
5、 Traditional dimensions of nonverbal communication 1. Physical Appearance The first nonverbal messages Can be used to develdp judgments 2. Territory and Personal Space Personal space: the space an individual maintains around him or herself Territory: a larger area an individual controls that can pro
6、vide privacy 3.【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ Happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, anger, disgust/contempt 4.【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ Reflect individual thought processes and regulate communication 5. Touch An interpersonal bond is being offered or established 6. Time Past-oriented: use past to【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ Future-oriented:
7、work for tomorrow Present-oriented: live for today III. Impression formation and management of nonverbal communication A. Definition: an individuals conscious attempt at control over communication behaviors to【 B7】 _ others【 B7】 _ B. Two important functions for impression management: 【 B8】 _ functio
8、n: consciously trying to control the impression one【 B8】_ makes on the person with whom one is communicating with Affect management: consciously controlling your emotional response C. Four dimensions of impressions: 【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ Likeability Interpersonal attractiveness Dominance D. Factors that in
9、fluence the impressions we form about other people: Stereotypes First impressions 【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ Last impressions 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully a
10、nd then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 When visiting companies, Kevins objective is to _. （ A） improve staff product
11、ivity （ B） identify problem areas （ C） retrain weak management （ D） manage the company 12 Difficulties at Criterion Glass stemmed from lack of attention to _. （ A） competitors designs （ B） quality of merchandise （ C） consumer demand （ D） craftsmanship of product 13 Kevin blames his early business di
12、fficulties on _. （ A） inexperience with new companies （ B） lack of knowledge of the financial sector （ C） bad advice from established organizations （ D） lack of advice 14 He defends his unusual personal style by saying that _. （ A） it is important in business to make a strong impression （ B） image a
13、nd ability are equally important （ C） most business people are too serious and traditional （ D） his business ideas are more important than his appearance 15 His final advice to people starting in business is to _. （ A） make every effort to prevent mistakes （ B） find the best sources of information （
14、 C） maintain a positive attitude at all times （ D） take risks SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Wh
15、ich of the following statements about the new censor is INCORRECT? （ A） It can monitor the patients vital signs of life. （ B） It is small, flexible and has the look of a tattoo. （ C） It is stuck to the surface of human skin by adhesives. （ D） It is not clearly distinctive from the surface layers of
16、the skin. 17 Which of the following is NOT the merit of the new device? （ A） Convenience. （ B） Low price. （ C） Reliability. （ D） Easier monitoring. 17 Funky, skunky beer “There are no health repercussions for out-of-date beer,“ says Dave Radzanowski, president of the Siebel Institute of Technology,
17、a vocational training school for the beer industry. That s because beer doesn t support the growth of pathogens or disease-causing organisms. The combination of carbon dioxide, alcohol, low pH (high acidity), and antiseptic hops means that no pathogenic bacteria will survive. As the saying goes, if
18、you can t drink the water, drink the beer. But, over time, beer can start to taste “papery“ or “bready,“ changes a discerning drinker will notice after two to three months. Because thicker beers can mask the developing flavors, lighter beers will taste funky more quickly. Also, when the hops in beer
19、 are exposed to light, they start to give off a “skunky“ flavor, says Radzanowski. The alcohol content, however, wont change as long as the packaging is intact. Three summers of sunscreen Most sunscreens are used up long before their expiration dates, although only some sunscreens carry an expiratio
20、n date at all. According to regulations from the Food and Drug Administration, over-the-counter pharmaceuticals that show stability for three years do not have to carry an expiration date. Newer products will carry a two-year expiration date from the time of manufacture. Whether a sunscreen actually
21、 degrades over time is a matter of-dispute. David Wiggins of ScheringPlough says that testers put his company s Coppertone products in 122 degree Fahrenheit for three months and found virtually no change. And there was drop in the concentration of active ingredients at high temperatures or room temp
22、erature for five years, he says. But Darrell Rigel, president of the American Association of Dermatologists, disagrees, saying the active ingredients PABA, benzolphenols, and oxybenzols degrade significantly ih heat. “Its well accepted that in extreme heat, like a hot ear in the sun that can get up.
23、 to 160 or 180 degrees, over time a sunscreen can become 50 percent less effective,“ says Rigel. Bottom line: dont keep your sunscreen in the glove compartment all summer. And if you have any doubt about the potency of your sunscreen, reach for a new bottle. “The problem is the lack of efficacy,” sa
24、ys Mark Naylor, a tumor biologist, “when you think youre protected and youre really cooked.” 18 Over time, flavors of _beers change more quickly. （ A） lighter （ B） thicker （ C） 0Ut-of-date （ D） skunky 19 According to the passage, a sunscreen can be described as all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） it may
25、 not carry an expiration date （ B） it loses it potency completely in three months （ C） its efficacy decreases over time if kept in extreme heat （ D） it is a lotion that may protect your skin from ultraviolet radiation 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice q
26、uestions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 20 Britain became a world leader in _during the middle of the 19th century. （ A） shipbuilding （ B） tourist （ C） banking （ D） mining 21 During the reign of_, Wales was brought under English rule. （ A） Henry I （ B） Edward I （ C） Edward
27、 II （ D） Edward I 22 In sociolinguistic studies, the social group singled out for any special study is called the （ A） speech act. （ B） speech continuum. （ C） speech variety. （ D） speech community. 23 The following were all great contributors to the American Republic EXCEPT （ A） Thomas Jefferson. （
28、B） William Penn. （ C） George Washington. （ D） Benjamin Franklin. 24 Which of the following is NOT an Irish writer? （ A） George Bernard Shaw. （ B） William Butler Yeats. （ C） David Herbert Lawrence. （ D） James Joyce. 25 Cromwell was made_. （ A） King of England （ B） Lord of the rings （ C） Lord of Prote
29、ctor （ D） King of Kings 26 It is known that Irish landscape is featured by _. （ A） bogs （ B） mountains （ C） grassland （ D） rivers 27 The Midwest is Americas most important_ area. （ A） agricultural （ B） industrial （ C） manufacturing （ D） mining industry 28 The great dividing line between the nineteen
30、th century and the contemporary American Literature is _. （ A） the Civil War （ B） the First World War （ C） the Second World War （ D） the Great Depression 29 Robert Louis Stevenson is a representative of _ in English literature. （ A） Neo-Romanticism （ B） Pre-Romanticism （ C） Romanticism （ D） Aestheti
31、cism 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING b)First impressions that might affect all subsequent perceptions and may be resistant to change; c)Selective perceptions whereby we pay attention to things that are consistent with our own past experiences and concerns; and d)Last impressions in which we disproportionate
32、ly weigh the influence of an individuals most recent action or our last contact with the individual. OK. I have outlined the six aspects of non-verbal communication and how non-verbal communication affects our image and impression. In our next lecture, we shall discuss the micro-expression and macro
33、-expression, two concepts central to decoding human behaviors. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 body 【试题解析】 本题考查的是表达情感这一功能可以通过哪些方面来实现。讲座中提到可以通过脸 、身体和声音来表达情感。因此，这里填的是 body。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 Communication 【试题解析】 非语言文字交际也可以表达人际关系之间的态度，即人际关系的建立与维系通常是通过非语言文字信号来表达的 (比如声调、凝视和触碰等 )。本题的答案为 Communication。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确
34、答案】 Rituals 【试题解析】 非语言文字交际的第五大功能是仪式，即打招呼、握手等其他类似的仪式。本题的答案为 Rituals。 【知识模块 】 听力 4 【正确答案】 Facial Expressions 【试题解析】 从传统的意义上说，非语言文字交际分为几大方面，人们最常使用面部表情这种非语言文字交际的方式来表达态度以及情感。所以答案为 Facial Expressions。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 Gestures and Postures 【试题解析】 动作和姿势也是反映人们思考过程和交流方式的一种手段，本题的答案为 Gestures and Posture。本题考
35、查的是关键信息，应在听力时适当做笔记，如果在听力中未能记录下信息，学生应能从下文的分论点中辨别出本段话的中心思想，推理出答案。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 shape the present 【试题解析】 时间也是非语言文字交流的一种手段，人们谈论时间或者使用时间的方式可以反映出一个人的性格，有些人是为未来而工作，有的人则活在当下，还有一些人用过去塑造现在。所以本题的答案为 shape the present。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 impress 【试题解析】 非语言文字交流也可以用于印 象管理。印象管理指的是人们有意识的控制交流行为和提示，以达到目的，令对方产生自
36、己想获得的印象。这里考生需要把 make a desired impression转化为动词 impress。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 Presentational 【试题解析】 印象管理有几种功能，其中的一种是 presentational function，即展示功能，人们通过非语言文字交流等手段有意识地控制交流对象对他们的印象。所以本题的答案为 Presentational。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 Credibility 【试题解析】 印象分为四大方面，本题考查的是第一方面 “可靠度 ”，即一个人看起来能力多大，可信赖程度有多高。所以本题的答案为 Credi
37、bility。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 Selective perceptions 【试题解析】 影响一个人的印象的有几个方面，其中的一个为 “选择性的看法 ”，即我们更为注意的方面，总是与我们过去的经历和关注的问题联系更为紧密的。本题的答案为 Selective perceptions。 【知 识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that
38、 follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 10 【听力原文】 C: Now lets meet Kevin, one of Britains top industrialists, and hear about his experiences and ideas on
39、 improving company performance. Welcome, Kevin. K: Thanks, Cathy. Good to be here. C: Kevin, youre famous for your unique approach when called in to advise companies. K: Well, Im certainly very generous with my advice! I always acknowledge genuine effort wherever possibleit is important to do so; bu
40、t my job isnt to manage the company, its to hunt down underlying weaknesses in the systems; thats what Im trained to do. C: Your visit to Mansons received a very mixed response, didnt it? K: Well, yes. Following my first visit, theyd researched the market more deeply and had improved product quality
41、 considerably, but, on my return, I blamed their failures on the ancient assembly line which theyd still done nothing about, despite my report, and which by now had led to a ten-year waiting list for their customers. The company was so upset by the comments I made during my second visit that they di
42、dnt invite me back! C: Another of your consultations took you to Criterion Glass, a family-run business. K: Yes. Their troubles started with an over-concentration on the actual making of the product, on the craftsmanship involved, without asking themselves whether there was still enough of a market
43、for that type of product. Prices needed to be more competitive too, something they hadnt considered sufficiently. C: As you said, youre famous for your advice to industry, but for a long time you were not at all successful in business yourself, were you? K: True! The first two organizations I headed
44、 went into liquidation! They were both relatively new companies, though, without a long history and were trying to establish their brand name. People had tried to warn me, of course. The resources were there that wasnt the problembut I just couldnt get things to workbasically because financial servi
45、ces just isnt my field. C: You enjoy a strong public image, with your unusual choice of clothes, etc. Why did you start to cultivate this original style? K: Well, many people think Ive developed this style just to get myself noticed, but its really because I think my ability is what matters in busin
46、essmore than my image. I like to do my own thing, so why shouldnt I please myself how I look? I know many other business people prefer to follow convention and dress more seriouslythats up to them. C: Did this help you to get one of the top jobs in the countrythe chairmanship of LBI? K: Thats not re
47、ally for me to say, the company was in serious trouble when I joined. I think they recognized the risk-taker in me and they needed someone who wasnt afraid of change. The management had preferred to play safe until thenand this, together with their rather poor reputation, was the cause of their prob
48、lems. C: Your record in the second half of your career speaks for itself, of course. Now, when you look at managers today, how effective do you think they are? K: Welltheres great emphasis now on making money, which I know is what business is about, but too many managers today are interested in making money for themselves. There are a lot of strong personalities around, too, in leadership positions. But people forget that the sort of success which lasts requires close attention to every single aspect of the company, however unimportant it may appear. C: Well, youre full of energy yourself, a
