1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 647及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 College Studying I. (1)_of preparation for college studying College studying is well accepted both in the
3、ory and in practice. Study strategies are hidden because teachers assume that their students have already prepared for the lesson. II. Factors related to effective studying and active learning 1. (2)_characteristics The first factor is students ability to understand the situation or context. (3)_fac
4、tors include; 1) Text Early research was mainly concerned with text structure; Current research heads in two directions: a) There has been a recent emphasis on how students approach text in a variety of (4)_. b) College students should use (5)_strategies to interact with lecture notes. 2) Academic t
5、ask Students should understand their academic tasks and adjust their (6)_accordingly. Two focused areas How tasks vary across domains The use of (7)_methodology 2. Characteristics of (8)_ prior knowledge; a) First generation of knowledge:lay the (9)_ b) Second generation of knowledge; knowledge rela
6、ted to social and cultural context. metacognitive abilities motivational levels (10)_is key to how information is processed SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an
7、 interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which is the correct information about the Best 361 Colleges survey carried out by the Princeton Review? （ A） They have reached up to 3,500 students to
8、 put best 361 colleges this year. （ B） The results are based on the feedback of the college students and their teachers. （ C） Its a qualitative survey of the students experience both academically, as well as outside the classroom. （ D） They have taken the advice of many experts in higher education.
9、12 Which school ranks No. 1 in the list? （ A） Harvard （ B） Reed College （ C） Princeton （ D） Yale 13 Which of the following statements about Reed College is correct? （ A） It enjoys greatest national reputations. （ B） It has 13,000 students. （ C） The student to faculty ratio is about ten to one. （ D）
10、The professors were great inside the classroom, though they are not as great outside the classroom. 14 Why are students the happiest with their financial aid packages in Princeton University? （ A） Because it is the least expensive private school. （ B） Because it is matching any aid that the student
11、needs, once they have been admitted to the university. （ C） Because it is a super competitive school. （ D） Because it has a beautiful campus, great food, great dorms, great library, overall quality of life. 15 Which school tops the list based on reaching out to the gay community? （ A） New College of
12、 Florida. （ B） University of Florida. （ C） University of Wisconsin. （ D） Ohio University. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to
13、 answer the questions. 16 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy? （ A） Strong ties with the U. S. economy. （ B） Fewer job opportunities in Mexico. （ C） Decline in tourism. （ D） Decline in tax revenues. 16 Seven years ago, an Environmental Pro
14、tection Agency statistician stunned researchers studying the effects of air pollution on health when he reported analyses indicating that as many as 60, 000 U. S. residents die each year from breathing federally allowed concentrations of airborne dust. This and subsequent studies figured prominently
15、 in EPAs decision last year to ratchet down the permitted concentration of breathable particles in urban air - and in human airways. At the time, many industrialists argued that they shouldnt have to pay for better pollution control because science had yet to suggest a plausible biological mechanism
16、 by which breathing low concentrations of urban dust might sicken or kill people. Now, scientists at the University of Texas Houston Health Science Center describe how they uncovered what they think may be one of the basic elements of that toxicity. On the alert for foreign debris, a community of wh
17、ite blood cells known as alveolar macrophages patrols small airways of the lung. When these cells encounter suspicious material, they identify it and send out a chemical clarion call to rally the immune system cells best suited to disabling and disposing of such matter. The trick is to recruit only
18、as many troops as are needed. If they call in too many, the lung can sustain inflammatory damage from friendly fire. Alongside the small troop of macrophages that stimulates defense measures, a larger squadron of macrophages halts immune activity when it threatens the host. Andrij Holian and his cow
19、orkers in Houston have found that people with healthy lungs normally have 10 times as many suppressor macrophages as stimulatory ones. In people with asthma and other chronic lung diseases - who face an increased risk of respiratory disease from inhaling urban dust - that ratio may be only 3 to 1. T
20、he reason for the difference is not known. In a report to be published in the March Environmental Health Perspectives, Holians team describes test-tube studies of human alveolar macrophages. The macrophages showed no response to ask collected from the Mount St. Helens eruption. However, when exposed
21、 to airborne dust from St. Louis and Washington, D. C. , most of the suppresser macrophages underwent apoptosis, or cellular suicide, while the stimulatory ones survived unaffected. Ash from burned residual oil, a viscous boiler fuel, proved even more potent at triggering suppressor cell suicides. I
22、t this test-tube system models whats actually happening in the human lung, Holian told Science News, the different responses of the two classes of lung macrophages could result in an overly aggressive immune response to normal triggering events. Indeed, he says, it would be the first step in a casca
23、de that can end in inflammatory lung injury. “We may one day be able to target this up stream event and prevent that injury.“ “This is, I think, an important contribution to the overall story,“ says Daniel L. Costa of EPAs pulmonary toxicology branch in Research Triangle Park, N.C. Studies by EPA su
24、ggest that certain metals - especially iron, vanadium, nickel, and copper - in smoke from combustion of fossil fuels trigger particularly aggressive inflammatory responses by lung cells. Costa says these metals play a “preminent“ role in the toxicity of airborne particulates. When EPA researchers re
25、moved the metals, they also removed the toxicity, he says. Moreover, he notes, these metals tend to reside on the smallest water-soluble particles in urban air -the fraction targeted for more aggressive controls under the new rules. John Vandenberg, assistant director of EPAs National Health and Env
26、ironmental Effects Research Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, says Holians results are “a nice complement to our studies.“ 17 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） how inhaled dust harms the lungs （ B） the function of Environmental Protection Agency （ C） the function of human alveolar macrophages
27、 （ D） studies by Environmental Protection Agency 18 According to this passage, Environmental Protection Agency _. （ A） is the only agency studying the effects of air pollution on health （ B） has launched a surprised attack on researchers （ C） has decided to decrease the permitted concentration of ai
28、rborne dust （ D） has tremendously improved pollution control 19 It is implied in the passage that _. （ A） many industrialists feel no concern for the improvement of pollution control （ B） breathing low concentrations of urban dust does not necessarily sicken or kill people （ C） no acceptable biologi
29、cal mechanism has been suggested to explain the toxicity of low concentration of urban dust （ D） scientists have done nothing to reveal the mystery of the toxicity of low concentration of urban dust 20 Which of the following statements about human alveolar macrophage is TRUE? （ A） Airborne dust may
30、trigger suppressor macrophage suicides. （ B） Airborne dust may trigger stimulatory macrophage suicides. （ C） The ratio of suppressor macrophages to stimulatory ones in people with lung diseases is much higher than that in people with healthy lungs. （ D） Only stimulatory macrophages show responses to
31、 airborne dust. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 21 The first ten amendments, known as_, were added to the Constitution in 1791. （ A） the Bill of Rights （ B） the Articles of Confederat
32、ion （ C） Civil Rights （ D） the Confederation Act 22 The Purloined Letter is a detective story by （ A） Arthur Conan Doyle. （ B） Edgar Allan Poe. （ C） Washington Irving. （ D） James F. Cooper. 23 The “Gunpowder Plot“ is associated with a man called_. （ A） John Milton （ B） Oliver Cromwell （ C） Guy Fawke
33、s （ D） John Bunyan 24 The Tale of Two Cities is about a story happened in time of _. （ A） Napoleon War （ B） British Civil War （ C） WW （ D） French Revolution 25 _had an evident influence on naturalism, which suggested man was dominated by the irresistible forces of environment. （ A） Darwinism （ B） In
34、dustrial revolution （ C） Puritanism （ D） WWI 26 When did English novelist William Golding receive his Nobel Prize in Literature? （ A） 1981. （ B） 1982. （ C） 1983. （ D） 1984. 27 Easter is celebrated to remember _. （ A） the discovery of America （ B） the annexation of Hawaii （ C） the resurrection of Jes
35、us （ D） the birth of Jesus Christ 28 The President of the United States is elected_. （ A） indirectly by the electors （ B） by Congress （ C） directly by the voters （ D） none of the above 29 _ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po into English. （ A） Ezra Pound （
36、 B） Robert Frost （ C） T.S. Eliot （ D） Emily Dickinson 30 Richard Brinsley Sheridans has been called a great comedy of manners. （ A） The Rivals （ B） The Duenna （ C） The Critic （ D） The School for Scandal 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING for language, which was discovered to 【 M4】 _ convey the meanings of this
37、 world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another. That all great art has this strength of suggesting a world 【 M5】 _ beyond is undeniable. In some moods Nature shares with it. There 【 M6】 _ is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward a bluer sky, 【 M7】 _ no sunset so beautiful th
38、at it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty. Is this world merely a bad joke, like a vulgar flare among the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty 【 M8】 _ laugh braying across the mysteries? Are these intimations of a something behind and beyond evil humor born of indigestion, or
39、 whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us? If, in a word, beauty means something, we must not seek to interpret the meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, or should we seek to invest with significance that which we 【 M9】 _ cannot grasp. Beauty in term of our
40、 human meanings is 【 M10】 _ meaningless. 31 【 M1】 32 【 M2】 33 【 M3】 34 【 M4】 35 【 M5】 36 【 M6】 37 【 M7】 38 【 M8】 39 【 M9】 40 【 M10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 41 我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆，但这也暂且不提。这一类型的教 育者的用心，毋庸置疑，当然是善意的。问题是，我们
41、论 “事 ”的时候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是实际的后果，而教育的后果何其严重 !在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了 “泪眼汪汪 ”之外又能做些什么呢 ? 教育者或许会说：这些学生如果进大学以前，就已经学好自治自律的话，我就不必要如此提之携之，喂之哺之；就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我办大学的人不得不教。虽然是亡羊补牢，总比不教好。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 42 The word “winner“ and “loser“ have m
42、any meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners do not dedicate their lives to a
43、 concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stu
44、pid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what t
45、hey say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play “helpless“, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. 三、 PART VI W
46、RITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 43 We have been living in the nuclear age for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the planet. Yet t
47、echnology has been put into positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of medicine. Is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are benefits and risks associated with its use? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first
48、part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, gramma
49、r and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 647答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the m
