1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 64及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Eclipse of Freud Sigmund Freud is rightly regarded as the father of modern phychiatry. He not only dev
3、eloped the most profound theory to explain the workings of 【 1】_ the human mind, but also he devised much of the _ Some of them, 【 2】_ such as Odipus_ and penis envy, have become part of the lan- guage. Psychoanalysis, the discipline he found, became the worlds most famous technique for helping the
4、troubled minds. 【 3】 _ But with the advent of new drug therapies, Freudian analysis has be- come almost _ to the treatment of severe depression and schizo- 【 4】_ phrenia. Though this technique is still considered suitable for treating neu- rotics, not even the most fanatic_ believe the traditional w
5、ay alone can cope with severe cases of schizophrenia and depression. Relatively little of Freuds voluminous work is devoted to the empiri- 【 5】 _ cai study of clinic depression. His writings discuss only four patients, and 【 6】_ he published only one paper on the subject. He wrote somewhat on schizo
6、phrenia but he was always doubtful that his principles would be of 【 7】_ much help in treating it. It was Freuds _ disciples who popular- ized the use of his principles to treat depression and even schizophrenia. 【 8】_ _ complain that Freuds view of women was downright misog- ynistic. Even some oxth
7、odox Freudians concede that his emphasis on sexu- ality as the root cause of all neuroses was too narrow. _ Freuds i- deas still have impact, 【 9】 _ Freud turned two pieces of folk wisdom into a science. The first was 【 10】_ “Theres a whole lot more to folks than meets the eye.“ This became known as
8、 the theory of the unconscious. The other was “Keep your mouth shut and you might learn something.“ He changed the position of the doc- tor from that of an _ to a more receptive one. In that sense, all forms of talk therapy can be considered as a Freudi- an _. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【
9、6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the
10、following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 This meeting is the _ of its kind. （ A） 13th （ B） 16th （ C） ll0th （ D） 100th 12 The first speaker of this meeting is _. （ A） Dr Scott Macleod （ B） Dr. Chen Zhili （ C） Mary Smith （ D） Dr. Saul Lloy 13 When will the first set of workshop sessio
11、n begin? （ A） At 10:00 AM. （ B） At 8:00 AM. （ C） At 10:30 AM. （ D） At 8:30 PM. 14 Which of the following statements about Dr. Chen Zhili is NOT true? （ A） He is a Chinese scientist. （ B） He experienced several setbacks in study in the past decade. （ C） He as well as his Chinese colleagues has made m
12、any breakthroughs in the last decade. （ D） He is going to express his hearty thanks for the international aids he has received in the past decade. 15 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） This is an international conference. （ B） This is an academic conference. （ C） This is a formal oc
13、casion. （ D） The language used in this conversation is informal. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16
14、 Which player did Michael Chang defeat in the 3rd set _. （ A） Jim Courier （ B） Andre Medvedev （ C） Magnus Larsen （ D） Jan Seimerink 17 Which of the following players was once two time French Open Champion? （ A） Michael Chang. （ B） Pete Sampras. （ C） Sergei Brugera. （ D） Jacob Hasic. 18 The U.S. Spac
15、e Agency NASA says _ orbiting Mir space station has lost its primary and backup oxygen sources. （ A） Americas （ B） Britains （ C） Russias （ D） Japans 19 If the problem is not fixed, _. （ A） the 3 - member crew would have to die （ B） the 5 - member crew would have to die （ C） the 5 - member crew would
16、 have to abort the mission （ D） the 3 - member crew would have to abort the mission 20 Mirs two primary sources of oxygen have stopped working and now of oxygen inside Mirs cab; in._. （ A） there is little supply （ B） there is still enough supply （ C） there is several dayssupply （ D） there is only tw
17、o dayssupply 20 Americans life has once again been greatly changed by the new age of science and technology since the Second World War. Everything has speeded up to a tremendous rate. Information is immediate, nobody has to wait to hear any news. There is a television set in every house. There is in
18、stant printing which has changed the way that offices and the universities run. But perhaps the biggest change is the telephone. People no longer write letters to one another. They pick up the telephone. Every house has at least two, sometimes three, four and five telephones. Every office has many t
19、elephones. It speeds things up. And its cost is not much. Perhaps the biggest difference is in the growth of computers. Computers can think, can remember, can calculate faster than any human brain. A computer can hold more than a million facts in its memory. There are computers that are so big they
20、would fill this entire auditorium with machinery. Businesses and banks are now managed by computers. Parts of the government are managed by computers. Students grades, their marks are all managed by computers. However, if a computer makes a mistake about one of you, it is terribly difficult to corre
21、ct that mistake. And sometimes a computer does make mistake, never learned by another computer and the same mistake will go into other computers. So in many ways people have become the servants of computers who are bigger and cleverer than they are. Of course, computers speed up every operation beca
22、use computers can immediately record, remember facts and produce new information that it combines with these facts. It makes science possible. Modern science would not be possible without the computers to do the calculations: Life is complicated. People need to know many technical skills to get mone
23、y from a bank. You have to know how to work the automatic teller that will give you your money. You have to know how to use the new punch button telephones. Everything is very complicated. Many Americans find it so complicated, that they try to escape by drinking alcohol. Alcoholism is a major disea
24、se in America. Some people take drugs and some people belong to strange religion looking for some meaning in their life. I think perhaps you read about the terrible event in Guyana, when people who belong to a strange religion all committed suicide. This sort of thing would not have happened fifty y
25、ears ago. It is a by-product of an age that has become too complicated for people to live in happily. There are many contradictions in American society. Because of the complex way of life people are no longer the optimistic, self- reliant free people that. they were when they were pioneers, when the
26、y were conquering the new land. Now people are becoming more pessimistic. Very often they are lonely. The doctors who have the most work are psychiatrists trying to help people find ways that they can again be happy. Often efficiency replaces good quality. We still have two classes of people. Too mu
27、ch money is still in the hands of too few people. The rich capitalists no longer wear black hats and stripped trousers. They have faces that nobody knows because now they are called the “multi -national corporations. “They are the great faceless companies like General Motors, General Fords, United S
28、tates Steel. There are no longer any faces like Mr. Rockefeller or Mr. Ford. They have become faceless forces, which control our government and control the money. The poorest class is still mostly made up of black people, minority people ,Spanish speaking Americans. And the poorest people have not b
29、enefited from the new age of science and technology. So Americans are no longer the happy care free people that they once were. 21 According to the passage, the characteristic of a highly technological society is _. （ A） its electronic technology （ B） peoples way of living （ C） wide use of televisio
30、n （ D） its rapidness and efficiency in doing things 22 Which of the following statements can best describe the telephone in the U. S? （ A） Its very inexpensive. （ B） It saves a lot of trouble. （ C） Its very convenient. （ D） A,B andC 23 In authors opinion, _. （ A） without computers, there would be no
31、 modern science （ B） computers are more intelligent than human beings （ C） computers will replace everything in the future （ D） computers never make mistakes 24 What makes American people more pessimistic? （ A） The fast pace and complicated way of life. （ B） Too much leisure time. （ C） Loose relatio
32、nship between people. （ D） All of the above. 25 According to the author, America is a highly modern society, _. （ A） so people like it better than before （ B） but there is still a big gap between different classes （ C） all the people there lead a very happy, life （ D） all the industries and companie
33、s are in the hands of the goverment 25 The dark smoke that comes out of Stacks or from a burning dump contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it k
34、eeps us from seeing the sun, irritates our eyes, causes us to cough, and makes us iii. Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow“ from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countri
35、es and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people ,and those who have respiratory(呼吸道的 ) diseases. In London, in 1952,four thousand people died in one week as a result of a serious air-pollution episode. In 1948, in the small t
36、own of Donora, Pennsylvania, twenty people died in a four-day period of bad air pollution. At levels often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases, such as emphysema ,bronchitis, and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too,
37、but these cases have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse. Air pollution can cause both airplane and auto accidents because it cuts down visibility. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we dont know much about. For example, scientists are
38、 trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals we are apt to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medici
39、nes act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It soils and corrodes our buildings. It damages farm crops and
40、forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is astronomical. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the environment, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 26 The author mentions people dying of air pollution in _
41、. （ A） Illinois （ B） Pennsylvania （ C） New Jersey （ D） Washington 27 Air pollution causes airplane accidents because _. （ A） pilots become ill （ B） visibility is reduced （ C） engines fail. （ D） the air is too hot 28 Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and _. （ A） intelligence leve
42、ls （ B） antisocial behavior （ C） birth defects （ D） divorce percentage 29 Scientists have not yet determined _. （ A） all of the effects of pollution on the human body （ B） how pollution can be controlled successfully （ C） when the atmosphere first became polluted （ D） how to wash the black snow clea
43、n 30 We can conclude that _. （ A） civilization may be doomed if pollution is not controlled （ B） pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America （ C） most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem （ D） black snow is not so serious compared with white snow 30 In the late 1960s
44、many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized: Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking tot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish
45、 comsumers, and wasters of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers
46、 can be especially wasteful. The beat loss ( or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double glaz
47、ed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with sih/er or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilitie
48、s, too. ( If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year- as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109,000. ) Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception,
49、 block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. In Bos ton in the late 1960s, some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common. Still, people continue to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them-person al ambition , civic pride, and the desire of
