1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 673及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Theories of History . How much we know about history? A. Written records exist for only a fraction of man
3、s time B. The accuracy of these records is often (1), 【 1】 _ and details in them often needs improvement. . Reconstruction of history before writing A. being difficult because of the (2)of history to us 【 2】 _ B. the most that we can do is: use (3)【 3】 _ and the knowledge of the habits of animals. .
4、 Theories about history A. Objective: to (4)the beginning and 【 4】 _ deduce the end of mans story. B. One theory believes that man continually (5)【 5】 _ (6)must be more intelligent and civilized 【 6】 _ than his ancestors. Human race will evolve into a race of (7)【 7】 _ C. The second theory holds the
5、 mans history is like a (8)【 8】 _ of development. Modern man is not the most superior. Modem man may be inferior to members of (9)【 9】 _ D. The third theory: Human societies repeat a cycle of stages, but overall progress is (10)in the long historical perspective.【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5
6、 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer ea
7、ch of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Philips, what inspires him to begin his career as a writer? （ A） Lack of interest in reading. （ B） The purpose for improving reading ability. （ C） The influence of Hintons books. （ D） His English teachers encouragement.
8、 12 Why does Philips say that a writer should have a thick skin? （ A） Because it is hard for a writer to find a prospective editor. （ B） Because a writer may receive numerous rejections of his works. （ C） Because the rejection letters can be used to wallpaper the house. （ D） Because being a writer h
9、as something to do with luck and timing. 13 According to Philips, which of the following is INCORRECT? （ A） The rejections can be classified as form rejection and positive rejection. （ B） Theres no signature or a rubber-stamp signature in a Form Rejection. （ C） A Form Rejection is depressing while a
10、 Positive Rejection is inspiring. （ D） A Form Rejection refers to a letter of which the editor wont read any word. 14 The following are the frustrations Philips meet EXCEPT （ A） concerns over the quality of the story and writing. （ B） anxiety about the marketing and sales figures. （ C） insufficient
11、time allocation and energy. （ D） whether his family likes what he writes. 15 The suggestion that Philips gives to new writers can be summarized as （ A） being thankful and insistently using the same query letters. （ B） being persistent and frequently revising the query letters. （ C） being desirous an
12、d writing back to the editor for mistakes. （ D） appreciating every query letter and finding out the weakness. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be
13、 given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the focus of the controversial amendment? （ A） Abortion coverage. （ B） Health care insurance. （ C） Federal funds. （ D） New reform. 17 Which of the following statements about Ben Nelson is CORRECT? （ A） He killed the amendment. （ B） He supported t
14、he amendment. （ C） He broke the deal. （ D） He introduced the health care bill. 17 What Is It? At the Center for Sickle-Cell Anemia in Benin City, Nigeria, Tope s mother learned that sickle-cell anemia is a disorder of the blood. Contrary to superstitious beliefs, it has nothing to do with witchcraft
15、 or spirits of the dead. Children inherit sickle-cell anemia from both parents. It is not contagious. There is no way you can catch the disorder from another person. Either you are born with it or you are not. Topes mother also learned that while there is no cure, the symptoms can be treated. Sickle
16、-cell anemia occurs mostly in those of African. descent. Dr. I. U. Omoike, director of the Center for Sickle-Cell Anemia, told Awake !: “Nigeria has the largest black population of any nation and therefore has the largest number of sicklers of any nation. That makes this country the sickle-cell capi
17、tal of the world.“ According to the Daily Times of Lagos, about one million Nigerians have sickle-cell anemia, and 60,000 die of it each year. A Problem in the Blood To understand the disorder, we need to know what blood does and how it moves through the body. An illustration helps. Imagine a countr
18、y that depends on imported food to feed people living in rural villages. Trucks drive to the capital city where they are loaded with food. They leave the city along major highways, but as they enter the rural areas, the roads narrow. If everything goes well, the trucks reach their destination, drop
19、off their food, and then return to the city to collect more food for the next delivery. If many of the trucks break down, however, the food spoils and other trucks are blocked from passing. Then the people in the villages have little to eat. In like manner, the red ceils in the blood travel to the l
20、ungs where they pick up a supply of oxygen-food for the body. They then leave the lungs and travel swiftly through major arteries to all parts of the body. Eventually, the “roads“ become so small that the red cells can move only in single file through tiny blood vessels. It is there that they deposi
21、t their load of oxygen, which feeds the cells of the body. A normal red blood cell is round like a coin-and moves through the smallest blood vessels quite easily. But in people who have sickle-cell anemia, the blood cells break down. They lose their round shape and take the form of a banana or a sic
22、kle a farmers implement. These sickled blood cells get stuck in the small veins of the body, like a truck in the mud, blocking other red blood cells from passing. When the flow of blood to a part of the body is reduced, the oxygen supply is cut off and the result is a painful crisis. A typical sickl
23、e-cell crisis results in cruciating pain in bones and joints. Crises are unpredictable; they can occur rarely as often as every month. When they do occur, they are distressing to both child and parent. Ihunde is a nurse Who works at the sickle-cell center. “It is not easy to manage a sickler child,“
24、 she says. “I know, because my daughter has the disorder. The pain comes suddenly. She screams and cries, and I cry. Only after two or three days, maybe after a week, will the pain subside.“ 18 According to the passage, which is NOT TRUE of sickle-cell anemia? （ A） It is inherited. （ B） It is not co
25、ntagious. （ C） It can be cured. （ D） It occurs mostly in Africans. 19 The terrible pain during a crisis is caused by_. （ A） the angular shape of the defective blood cells （ B） the cutoff of oxygen supply in parts of the body （ C） the cells stuck in the blood vessels （ D） eating spoiled food 一、 PART
26、III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 20 On the Christmas Day of 1066,_was crowned King of England. （ A） Edward （ B） Harold （ C） Edgar （ D） William 21 Under Williams rule, the_were at the bottom of
27、 the feudal system. （ A） barons （ B） freemen （ C） Villeins （ D） lawyers 22 During the reign of_, Wales was brought under English rule. （ A） Henry I （ B） Edward I （ C） Edward II （ D） Edward I 23 In the late 17th century, the most famous writers were_. （ A） John Bunyan and John Milton （ B） John Bunyan
28、 and Francis Bacon （ C） John Donne and John Milton （ D） John Donne and Francis Bacon 24 The only one glottal in English is （ A） h. （ B） g. （ C） k. （ D） 1. 25 Who is the author of The Waste Land? （ A） George Bernard Shaw. （ B） W. B. Yeats. （ C） Dylan Thomas. （ D） T. S. Eliot. 26 Which of the followin
29、g is NOT one of “Lake Poets“? （ A） Samuel Taylor Coleridge. （ B） John Keats. （ C） William Wordsworth. （ D） Robert Southey. 27 The morpheme “vision“ in the common word “television“ is a (n) （ A） bound morpheme. （ B） bound form. （ C） inflectional morpheme. （ D） free morpheme. 28 Utopia is the work of_
30、 （ A） Spenser （ B） Donne （ C） Blake （ D） More 29 In communication one may shift from formal English to informal English or from standard English to non-standard English. This is known as _. （ A） code-switching （ B） language planning （ C） politeness strategies （ D） bilingualism 二、 PART IV PROOFREADIN
31、G go to the church to pray and worship; pray and worship in the church。 3英汉词与词之间的聚合关系和组合关系都存在很大差异因此，译文中容易出现顾此失彼的现象。这种现象突出表现在 “种植庄稼 温馨家园 ”这段译文和拉琴 ”译文中。 以上译文词语聚合关系和组合关系选择表如下：4平行结构是话语组织法中具有的共同现象。由于语言之间的差异，平行结构的表现形式可能不同， Parallelism是英语话语组织的一 种重要形式；骈偶结构是汉语话语组织的一种重要形式。 爱用骈偶是汉语的一个特色。现代的对仗有的不很严格，有时只求字数的相等。汉
32、语的语句组织中自然包含了声律的要求。结构严谨、音韵和谐的句子组织，既是语法问题，又是修辞问题。使用 Parallelism是英语的一大特点。英语中 Parallelism形式种类繁多，规模大小不等，虽不求字数的相等，却严格要求组成部分的语法成分一致，或者说，受制于语法或文体修辞规则，该平行的必须平行，不然便视为缺点或错误 (faulty)。正如 J. E.Kahn(1985：421)所说： Parallel constructions， then， come in a great variety of sizes and shapes These are all subject to an o
33、verriding and obvious rule(sometimes a rule of grammar， sometimes of style)： if elements are presented as parallel， they must be parallel-their structures must be properly matched例如 .(a)文体问题 :She is stubborn， selfish， and has a sharp temper (cf She is stubborn， selfish， and quick-tempered )(b)语法错误：
34、Not only is that a very unfair statement， but also quite untrue (cf Not only is that a very unfair statement， but it is also quite untrue ) 汉语话语是由散行与骈偶组成的，以上述汉译英原文为例，骈偶结构如下 :“无论贫富， 律平等 全都一致 种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷 (和做礼拜 )，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌：往日的田园 今日的 (温馨 )家园。 ”在译文组句时必须考虑 Parallelism的问题。 无论贫富
35、不平行结构： A.语法错误； a)People， poverty or wealthy； b)People， poor Or the rich 。 B文体问题： a)People， poor Or with property，； b)People， poor Or Of wealth ； C)People who are poor or have riches 。 平行结构： a)People， poor or rich； b)People，the poor or the rich 。 种植庄稼和葡萄 不平行结构： A.语法错误： a) They plant crops and grapevi
36、nes， brewing and drink wineb)They plan t crops and grapevines， brew wine and drinking ; B文体问题： a)They plant crops and grapevines， brew， drink， feed cows and milk; b)They plant crops and grapevines， brew for drinking， feed cows and milk cows 。 平行结构：a)They plant crops and grapevines， brew and drink wi
37、ne， feed and milk cows ；b)They plant crops and grapevines， brew wine to drink， feed cows milk。 去教堂祈祷和做礼拜 不平行结构： A.语法错误： a)They go to the church，praying and to attend church service b)They go to the church， pray and attending church service B文体问题： a)They go to the church to pray and for church servic
38、e b)They go to the church for praying and to attend church service 平行结构； a)They go to the church to pray and attend church service b)They go to the church praying and attending church service 到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌 不平行结构 ： A语法错误： a)They play the violin， dance and singing b)They play the violin， dancing and sin
39、g B文体问题： They play the violin， dance and they sing 平行结构： a)They play the violin， dance and sing b)They play the violin， dancing and singing c) They dance and sing to the violin 5英语 Parallelism涉及面极广，包括了篇章内从词到句子几乎所有并列的语法结构。从更大的范围上看，同样存在使用 Parallelism的问题：将以上汉语骈偶结构转化为英语 Parallelism可能有多种选择，下面介绍几种 : a)The
40、y grow crops and grapevines， brew and drink wine， feed and milk COWS，and weed and plant the gardens b)They plant crops and grapevines， brew wine to drink， feed cows to milk， and weed the gardens to grow flowers c)They plant crops and grapevines， brew wine for drink， feed cows for milk， and weed the
41、gardens for flowers d)They plant crops and grapevines， do the gardening， brew wine for drink， and feed cows for milk 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；将以上汉语骈偶结构转化为英语 Parallelism，一般可选择 al+32或 b1+b2两种方法。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 32 【正确答案】 对任何一个国家和她的
42、人民来说，开展对外商务活动的重要性，无论怎样强调都是不过分的。几乎所 有的发展中国家，经济的发展都有赖于出口贸易的增长；而反过来出口的增长又有助于创造更多的就业机会和提高人民的生活水平。经济的发展需要进口越来越多的物资，而这些进口物资必须用出口创汇和对外投资而挣得的外汇来支付。假如没有不断扩大的出口，一个国家经济发展的速度肯定要放慢。作为一名驻外商务代表，从最广泛的意义上来说，你的工作目标显然是尽最大的努力来提高你们国家的出口创汇能力。驻外商务代表的工作实际上是一种专门的业务 早就应该这样来看待这个问题。要把这项工作做好，就得认真选择驻外商务代表。要考虑他们所受的正规教育和 专门培训的程度和内
43、容，他们过去有哪些和有多少相关的经验，以及他们能够从国内的贸易促进机构和贸易部得到什么样的支持。 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 33 【正确答案】 Should We Show Kindness to Others? The modern society is full of competition. Everyone tries his utmost to survive in the fierce competiti
44、on. Some believe in the old saying that “Everyone for himself and the devil take the hindmost.“ So they claim that it is unnecessary to show kindness to others. As for me, I strongly believe that we should show kindness to others. First of all, kindness helps to nourish the seed of hope in each soul
45、 we encounter. We all know that a small kindness can make our journeys lighter and more enjoyable. Even bringing an instance of kindness to mind can put a smile on your face days or weeks later or perhaps even inspire you to share kindness with another. Though it may seem simple to the point of insi
46、gnificance, many cultures throughout the world and history have recognized kindness as a powerful virtue. It may be the simplest way to experience and share all the grandest ideals of humanity. We can make the choice to act from the best place within ourselves at any time, while simultaneously recog
47、nizing the highest potential in another with the smallest of acts. Furthermore, in a way, kindness acts as thee oil that makes the engine of our world move more smoothly and with less friction. Without kindness, we may still get where we are going, but if with kindness the ride is more pleasant, and
48、 those around us can share in the ideal world. We are all fortunate that kindness. is limitless in its supply and available to everyone. When we act in ways that confirm our ideals, we make the ideal our reality. Then, instead of affirming the experience of struggle and competition, we can shift our
49、 experience to the reality of ease and pleasurable camaraderie with the fellow citizens of the world. Most importantly, kindness has the power to create a universe of love. The smallest gesture can bring a smile to light the shadow of an unpleasant situation or remove tension from a difficult task, but its effects can echo and extend far bey
