1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 689及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 There are so many things about our lives that belong to the content of culture that it is impossible to c
3、over them all. In this lecture three aspects of culture are discussed. Language: is what people and animals use to【 1】 their thoughts, ideas and feelings. Just like animals, people use different languages. Each culture has its own words and symbols. People within the culture that use more than one l
4、anguage are said to be either【 2】 or multiligual. Moreover, languages have different【 3】 , which are variations of a language.【 4】 is most commonly used by deaf people. Folklore: is a body of stories that show a cultures beliefs, traditions and【 5】 The characters in folktales are often【 6】 people, w
5、hose character is admired. Today, folklore finds its way into poetry, song lyrics, and【 7】 . Holiday: is a day made special by a cultures customs or laws. Holidays help a culture re member and【 8】 its history. People may attend parades, sing songs, go to【 9】 or give gifts to each other on certain ho
6、lidays. The English world holiday came from two words, holy and day. The beat-known【 10】 holiday is Christmas. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer
7、the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Nick, what is the most dangerous notion in the world? （ A） Predominance. （ B） L
8、ocal characteristics and customs. （ C） Individual identity. （ D） Potential dividing forces. 12 Which description is not true about Nick Ularu? （ A） He has Romanian origin. （ B） He is a teacher and a set designer in the same time. （ C） He had a cultural resonance when he first came to the USA （ D） He
9、 couldnt understand why Americans invest so much on entertainment industry but not on art. 13 What is Nicks opinions about teaching? （ A） He thinks that teaching doesnt help the artistic side. （ B） He believes that teaching keeps him energetic. （ C） Teaching shouldnt be totally isolated from politic
10、s. （ D） Teaching frustrates him so many times. 14 What is Nicks philosophy of teaching? （ A） The students must be the followers of their teacher. （ B） He should work hard to make students believe in their own abilities. （ C） Pleasing students is the most necessary factor. （ D） Teacher should have a
11、decisive effect on the personalities of students. 15 Which one is Nicks idea about the leader? （ A） Everyone has the access to leadership. （ B） Leaders create the worst work situation. （ C） Books can help to improve people ability and make someone a leader. （ D） The real leaders are born. SECTION C
12、NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the latest exact problem with cars of Toyota? （ A） The engines can
13、not work in cold weather. （ B） The engines cannot be started after being used for a short period. （ C） The engines might stop working when the car is driven. （ D） The valve spring may cause the engine to explode. 16 The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct
14、 stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e. g. cloth-making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually mor
15、e efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident-the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e. g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophis
16、ticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant. If the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of
17、taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television c
18、hanged the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in con
19、sumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners an
20、d consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage. 17 The reason why many production pr
21、ocesses were taken over by the marketplace was that_. （ A） it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization （ B） they depended on electricity available only to the market economy （ C） it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home （ D） the marketplace was more efficient with respect
22、 to these processes 18 Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because_. （ A） the family was not efficient in production （ B） it will be illegal for the home economic to produce them （ C） it could not supply them by itself （ D） the mark
23、et for these goods and services was limited 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 19 The largest freshwater lake is_in Northern Ireland. （ A） Loch Lomond （ B） Loch Neagh （ C） Windermere （ D
24、） Ullswater 20 The trumpet of a prophecy “0 Wind/If winter comes, can spring be far behind?“ is from （ A） Keats Ode to a Nightingale. （ B） Byrons The Isles of Greece. （ C） Shellys Ode to the West Wind. （ D） Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. 21 Many Inuit dont like to be called Eskimos bec
25、ause_. （ A） they consider this term insulting （ B） the term Eskimo comes from a native American word （ C） they dont understand the term Eskimo （ D） the term Eskimo is not an English word 22 In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the production of_. （ A） coal （ B） electricity （ C） oi
26、l （ D） wheat 23 _holds that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation. （ A） The behaviorist view （ B） The innatist view （ C） The naming theory （ D） The contextualism 24 _are the two parties dominating the political scene in the U.S. （ A） Conservative Party and Labour Part
27、y （ B） Liberal Party and Conservative Party （ C） Democrats and Republicans （ D） National Party and Labour Party 25 _is regarded by American as “the father of the country“ . （ A） Jefferson （ B） Franklin （ C） Adams （ D） Washington 26 John Keats was a(n) _. （ A） British poet （ B） American poet （ C） Bri
28、tish novelist （ D） American novelist 27 _was the most popular American poet of this century. At the age of 87, he was invited to read a poem at the inauguration of President Kennedy. （ A） Ezra Pound （ B） Robert Frost （ C） E.E. Cummings （ D） Carl Sandburg 28 The City of _ , which was formed by former
29、ly known as Port Jackson, is the place of the earliest colonial settlement in Australia. （ A） Melbourne （ B） Sydney （ C） Perth （ D） Darwin 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING often the shopkeepers or artisans lived above or behind their stores. In the preindustrial cities in the United States, which we now rega
30、rd as 【 M9】_ municipal services did not exist. Generally, residents and businesses were responsible for providing their own water supplies, disposal of sewage and garbage and health services. In a time, firefighting and police protection 【 M10】_ were also provided on a volunteer basis. 29 【 M1】 30 【
31、 M2】 31 【 M3】 32 【 M4】 33 【 M5】 34 【 M6】 35 【 M7】 36 【 M8】 37 【 M9】 38 【 M10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 39 对于心的境界，我所能够给出的最高赞语就是：丰富的单纯。 我所知道的一切精神上的伟人，他们的心灵世界无不具有这个特征，其核心始终是单纯的，却又能够包容丰富的情感、体验和思想。 我相信，每一个精神上的伟人在本质上都是直接面对宇宙的。一方面，他知道自己只是宇宙的儿童，这种认识
32、深藏于他的心灵的核心之中，从根本上使他的心灵永葆儿童的单纯。另一方面，他对宇宙的永恒本质充满精神渴望，在这种渴望的支配下，他本能地为一切精神事物所吸引，使他的心灵变得越来越丰富。 与此相反的境界是贫乏的复杂。这是那些平庸的心灵，它们被各种人际关系和利害算计占据着，所以复杂；可是完全缺乏精神的内涵，所以又是一种贫乏的复杂。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 40 On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appoi
33、nted British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to Parliament. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when Englands survival was still in doubt. “. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous
34、 kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air-War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable c
35、atalogue of human crime. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs victory in spite of all terrors for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood f
36、or, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, Come
37、then, let us go forward together with our united strength.“ 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 41 Mind Aging is a new expression coming into the view of the modern people. It is said in a study that 54 % middle-aged adults treat the
38、mselves as old people, they are depressed and frightened at the thought of getting old and they worry about their later life. Such mindset has exerted negative influence on their work and life. What are the hidden reasons for triggering mind aging among modern people? Write an essay of about 400 wor
39、ds on the following topic: On Mind Aging 专业英语八级模拟试卷 689答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a
40、gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Good morning, everyone. In this course we will learn somet
41、hing about culture. Think about these things: What is a culture? How are cultures different? How are they the same? How should we define culture? These are a few questions that we will explore throughout this unit. But the time we have finished, you will have a better understanding of the uniqueness
42、 of your own culture, and hopefully, a greater appreciation of the similarities and differences that exist among various cultures of the world. There are many things that make up a culture. In fact, there are so many things about our lives that make us part of the culture we belong to that there is
43、no way to cover them all here. Therefore, we will concentrate on only three aspects of culture in this unit. They are: Language, Folklore, Holidays. What is language? According to Websters Dictionary language is defined as: 1. a body of words and systems for their use common to people of the same co
44、mmunity or nation. 2. any system of formalized symbols, signs, etc. , used or conceived as a means of communication. 3. the means of communication used by animals. Simply put, language is what people and animals use to communicate their thoughts, ideas and feelings. Of course, animals communicate wi
45、th each other differently than humans, and each type of animal communicates differently. For example, a bee uses a sophisticated dance to tell the rest of the bees in the hive where there is food, while humpback whales communicate through the use of melodic sounds. One could say then, that animals u
46、se different languages. Like animals, people also use different languages. Each culture has its own words and symbols that are used by people within that culture to communicate with others in the same culture. For example, a person living in Japan will use the Japanese language to communicate with o
47、ther Japanese. Unlike animals though, some cultures use more than one language. People within these cultures are said to be either bilingual or multilingual. One such place is Canada. It is very likely that a person living in Canada may speak both French and English. Likewise, a person living in Swi
48、tzerland may speak Italian, German and French. Not only do people use different languages to communicate, but languages also have different dialects. A dialect is a variation of a language that uses words and grammar somewhat differently from the standard form of the same language. For example, peop
49、le who live in Manchester, England speak in a dialect that is slightly different from people who live in London, England; however, people in both cities speak English. There are also some people who dont use a spoken language at all. These people use their hands to communicate. This type of language is called sign language and is most commonly used by people who are deaf, Now that we know how people communicate, we are faced with a question. Are we part of a specific culture bec
