1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 708及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Exposition Exposition is writing that explains. Most of the books in university li- braries are examples
3、of exposition. Although exposition is often formal and【 1】 _, it appears also in 【 1】_ magazines and newspapers, in any place where people look for explana- tions. It is a writing with which we attempt to control our world, whether our means of doing so is a complicated system of philosophy or a coo
4、k book or a medical instruction. Exposition is a wide net. If the【 2】 _ purpose of the writer is to 【 2】 _ tell a story, the writing is【 3】 _ rather than exposition. If the writer 【 3】 _ tends to tell us how something looks, we may call it【 4】 _ .The subject 【 4】_ of the expository writer may be peo
5、ple, things, ideas or a combination of these, but always he is a man thinking, interpreting, informing and per- suading. He is more likely to appeal to our【 5】 _ by using evidence and 【 5】_ logic. 【 6】 _ seldom is a piece of writing pure exposition. So the exposito- 【 6】_ ry writer will do well to r
6、emember that his primary purpose -the purpose that guides and shapes his total organization-is to explain by【 7】 _ 【 7】_ and to show relationships. The writing of exposition begins in an understanding of the broad pur- pose to be achieved. It begins in the writers head. Before the writing, the expos
7、itory writer must ask himself four questions: What specific purpose do I intend to make? Is it worth making? For whom am I making? And how can I best convey my point to my readers?【 8】 _ the writer has careful- 【 8】_ ly answered these questions, no amount of good grammar and correct spell- ing will
8、save him, and his composition is already worthless even before he begins to scrible. Once the writer is【 9】 _ what point he intands to 【 9】_ make, his comportion is already half organized. With his reader in mind, he has already solved many of his problems of diction and【 10】 _ as well.【 10】_ 1 【 1】
9、 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given
10、10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 The interviewer used to care about all the following things EXCEPT （ A） doing well in some sports. （ B） having good body-image looking. （ C） wearing appropriate clothes. （ D） being popular with other kids. 12
11、Which of the following is NOT an example of the relationships girls attach importance to? （ A） Their relationships with classmates. （ B） Their relationships with parents. （ C） Their relationships with teachers. （ D） Their relationships with boys. 13 When girls have limitations in face of pressure, t
12、hey might （ A） stop trying hard. （ B） suffer from indignation. （ C） end up crying out. （ D） accept the fact calmly. 14 Parents should be aware of the hidden stress of their daughters when （ A） the girls are irritable sometimes. （ B） the girls are exhausted someday. （ C） the girls say they hate schoo
13、l. （ D） the girls lie and play truant. 15 One way for the girls to thrive in the age of pressure is to （ A） develop intangible ideas. （ B） set touchable goals. （ C） forget about their stress. （ D） talk with their parents. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything
14、ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The Indonesian President has _ in the province of Aceh. （ A） lifted martial law （ B） imposed martial law （ C） sent troops to take over power （
15、 D） reached peace agreement with the military 17 The province of Aceh has been _ for one year. （ A） under civilian control （ B） under separatist control （ C） under military rule （ D） troubled by war 17 The oil industry has been on a hot streak this year, thanks to a series of major discoveries that
16、have rekindled a sense of excitement across the petroleum sector, despite falling prices and a tough economy. These discoveries, spanning five continents, are the result of hefty investments that began earlier in the decade when oil prices rose, and of new technologies that allow explorers to drill
17、at greater depths and break tougher rocks. “Thats the wonderful thing about price signals in a free marketit puts people in a better position to take more exploration risk,“ said James T. Hackett, chairman and chief executive of Anadarko Petroleum. More than 200 discoveries have been reported so far
18、 this year in dozens of countries, including northern Iraqs Kurdish region, Australia, Israel, Iran, Brazil, Norway, Ghana and Russia. They have been made by international giants, like Exxon Mobil, but also by industry minnows, like Tullow Oil. Just this month, BP said that it found a giant deepwate
19、r field that might turn out to be the biggest oil discovery ever in the Gulf of Mexico, while Anadarko announced a large find in an “exciting and highly prospective“ region off Sierra Leone. It is normal for companies to discover billions of barrels of new oil every year, but this years pace is unus
20、ually brisk. New oil discoveries have totaled about 10 billion barrels in the first half of the year, according to IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates. If discoveries continue at that pace through year-end, they are likely to reach the highest level since 2000. While recent years have featured
21、speculation about a coming peak and subsequent decline in oil production, people in the industry say there is still plenty of oil in the ground, especially beneath the ocean floor, even if finding and extracting it is becoming harder. They say that prices and the pace of technological improvement re
22、main the principal factors governing oil production capacity. While the industry is celebrating the recent discoveries, many executives are anxious about the immediate future, fearing that lower prices might jeopardize their exploration drive. The world economy is weak, oil prices have tumbled from
23、last years records, corporate profits have shrunk, and global demand for oil remains low. After falling to $34 in December, oil prices have doubled, stabilizing near $70 a barrel. But if the world economy does not pick up, some analysts believe the price could fall again. Oil companies contend that
24、is not a prospect they can afford. Despite reaping record profits in recent years, many executives have warned that they need prices above $60 a barrel to develop the worlds more challenging reserves. In fact, some exploration activity has already slowed this year, as producers seek better terms fro
25、m service companies and contractors. It is not just oil that is benefiting from the exploration boom. Repsol, Spains biggest oil company, said this month that it had discovered what could turn out to be Venezuelas biggest natural gas field. In recent years, companies have found substantial natural g
26、as reserves in the United States, from shale rocks once believed to be impossible to drill. “The No. 1 question that exploration teams have right now is: Where do we go next?“ said Robert Fryklund, who ran the operations of ConocoPhillips in Libya and Brazil, and is a vice president in Houston at Ca
27、mbridge Energy Research Associates. Exploration spending swelled in recent years, partly to offset a doubling of costs throughout the industryfrom steel prices to the cost of renting deepwater drilling rigs. A big issue confronting the industry now is how to drive down costs while maintaining a high
28、 level of exploration. On average, costs have fallen by 15 to 20 percent from their peak, according to petroleum executives. Exploration remains a risky, and costly, business, where some deepwater wells can cost up to $100 million. From 30 to 50 percent of exploration wells find oil. Some executives
29、 are also worried the world might face a shortfall in supplies in coming years if another decline in oil prices causes exploration to falter. The chief executive of the French oil giant Total, Christophe de Margerie, has warned that such a supply crunch is possible by the middle of the next decade.
30、“There could be a shortage of capacity,“ he said. His concerns echoed those of Abdullah al-Badri, the secretary general of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, who said that lower oil prices also threatened investments by OPEC nations. Saudi Arabia is also unlikely to expand its pr
31、oduction in coming years because of the uncertainty clouding future oil demand, Ali al-Naimi, the kingdoms oil minister, signaled earlier this month. Saudi Arabia is just completing a $100 billion program to increase its capacity to 12.5 million barrels a day, from around 9 million barrels a day jus
32、t a few years ago. Although they are substantial, the new finds do not match the giant fields discovered in the 1970s, like Alaskas Prudhoe Bay, Ekofisk in the North Sea, or Cantarell in Mexico. They are also dwarfed by the last enormous discovery, the Kashagan field in the Caspian Sea, discovered i
33、n 2000 and estimated to hold over 20 billion barrels of oil. “We have not seen another Kashagan, but still these finds are very material,“ said Alan Murray, the exploration service manager at Wood Mackenzie, a consulting firm in Edinburgh. Since the early 1980s, discoveries have failed to keep up wi
34、th the global rate of oil consumption, which last year reached 31 billion barrels of oil. Instead, companies have managed to expand production by finding new ways of getting more oil out of existing fields, or producing oil through unconventional sources, like Canadas tar sands or heavy oil in Venez
35、uela. Reserve estimates typically rise over the life of a field, which can often be productive for decades, as companies find new ways of getting more oil out of the ground. The industrys record has improved in recent years, thanks to high prices. According to Cambridge Energy Research Associates, o
36、il companies have found more oil than they produced for the last two years through a combination of exploration and field expansions. “The appetite for opening new frontiers when prices were low in the 1990s was very small,“ said Paolo Scaroni, the chief executive of Italys oil giant Eni. “Today, th
37、e biggest discovery of all is technology.“ 18 New discoveries in the oil industry are the result of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） rising oil prices （ B） new technologies （ C） severe competition （ D） substantial investments 19 Many oil companies are concerned about the following EXCEPT_. （ A） rising co
38、sts （ B） low demand （ C） a tough economy （ D） technological improvement 20 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Technology is a decisive factor in finding oil. （ B） Oil companies may stop exploring oil fields in the coming years. （ C） The new discoveries are not comparable to the ones in the
39、1970s. （ D） There will be no oil fields to be found due to the massive exploration. 21 What does the passage mainly tell us? （ A） The worries that face oil companies. （ B） The new discoveries that have been made. （ C） The major factors that affect oil production. （ D） The reasons why small companies
40、 have the largest finds. 22 Which of the following is the best title for this passage? （ A） Oil Companies See a Bright Future （ B） Technology Is the Biggest Discovery of All （ C） Oil Industry Sets A Brisk Pace of New Discoveries （ D） Hefty Investments Make New Discoveries Possible 一、 PART III GENERA
41、L KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and they pulled out in_. （ A） 306 AD （ B） 410 AD （ C） 446 AD （ D） 1066 AD 24 The nation s capital city
42、Washington D.C and New York are located in_. （ A） the American West （ B） the Great Plains （ C） the Midwest （ D） the Middle Atlantic States 25 The _ are immigrants from Latin America which was once a large colony of the Spanish Empire. （ A） blacks （ B） Hispanics （ C） Pilgrim Fathers （ D） Jews 26 A hy
43、brid is a word made up of elements belonging to two or more （ A） foreign languages. （ B） different languages. （ C） Germanic languages. （ D） Romance languages. 27 The only black woman writer awarded Nobel Prize of Literature is_. （ A） Alice Walker （ B） Toni Morrison （ C） Lorraine Hansberry （ D） James
44、 Baldwin 28 _ is a major city in the south - east of New York state and comprises five boroughs, one of which is Manhattan, the economic and cultural heart of the city. （ A） New York （ B） Los Angeles （ C） Seattle （ D） Dallas 29 Where is Westminster Abbey? （ A） Scotland. （ B） Wales. （ C） England. （ D
45、） Manchester. 30 Close by Westminster Abbey on the riverside stands the Palace of Westminster, generally known as the _. （ A） House of Parliament （ B） National Gallery （ C） British Museum （ D） Castle 31 The language phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called （ A） ho
46、monymy. （ B） hyponymy. （ C） polysemy. （ D） antonymy. 32 Which of the following is NOT a U.K. newspaper? （ A） The Guardian. （ B） Christian Science Monitor. （ C） The Daily Telegraph. （ D） The Times. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Suc
47、h reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occu
48、py the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. B
49、eyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very_ institution of the family itself. To many peoplc, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children ne
