1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 716及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Non-Verbal Communication In this talk, we are going to talk about the definition of non-verbal communicat
3、ion, dimensions of non-verbal communication and impression formation and management of nonverbal communication. I. Definition and the five primary functions A. Definition: Communication that is produced by some means other than words B. The five primary functions 1. Expression of Emotion Through the
4、 face,【 B1】 _, and voice【 B1】 _ 2.【 B2】 _of Interpersonal Attitudes【 B2】 _ Tone of voice, gaze, and touch 3. Accompany and Support Speech Nodding ones head Using phrases like “uh-huh“ when another is talking 4. Self-Presentation Appearance 5. 【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ Greetings, handshakes or other rituals II.
5、 Traditional dimensions of nonverbal communication 1. Physical Appearance The first nonverbal messages Can be used to develdp judgments 2. Territory and Personal Space Personal space: the space an individual maintains around him or herself Territory: a larger area an individual controls that can pro
6、vide privacy 3.【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ Happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, anger, disgust/contempt 4.【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ Reflect individual thought processes and regulate communication 5. Touch An interpersonal bond is being offered or established 6. Time Past-oriented: use past to【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ Future-oriented:
7、work for tomorrow Present-oriented: live for today III. Impression formation and management of nonverbal communication A. Definition: an individuals conscious attempt at control over communication behaviors to【 B7】 _ others【 B7】 _ B. Two important functions for impression management: 【 B8】 _ functio
8、n: consciously trying to control the impression one【 B8】_ makes on the person with whom one is communicating with Affect management: consciously controlling your emotional response C. Four dimensions of impressions: 【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ Likeability Interpersonal attractiveness Dominance D. Factors that in
9、fluence the impressions we form about other people: Stereotypes First impressions 【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ Last impressions 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully a
10、nd then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the interview, what happened since Mary Ann were 100? （ A） She h
11、ad a blimp ride. （ B） She had a horse ride. （ C） She touched the Hollywood sign. （ D） She stayed at home. 12 Where was Mary Ann born? （ A） In a small village. （ B） North of Chicago. （ C） In Washington. （ D） In Hawaii. 13 What does she want to do for her 106th? （ A） She wants to meet pop singer. （ B）
12、 She wants to meet a superstar. （ C） She wants to see a movie star. （ D） She wants to see a movie. 14 According to the interview, which of the following is not true? （ A） The older she got the more comfortable she was with herself. （ B） As she got older she no longer ran Sacred anymore. （ C） Now, a
13、lot of people think that part of aging is that they dont get to do the things that they could do, they become inactive, they sit around and watch television. （ D） When they are getting older they can go out and have fun. 15 From the interview, we can know what is the most important when you are gett
14、ing old? （ A） Health. （ B） Possessions. （ C） Attitude towards aging. （ D） Daily life. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to ans
15、wer the questions. 16 The new prison is using all of the following security methods EXCEPT_. （ A） recording the conversations between guards and prisoners （ B） holding prisoners in separate cells （ C） storing enough guns andexplosives （ D） videotaping the actions of the prisoners 17 Which of the fol
16、lowing statements is TRUE? （ A） The new high security prison was put into use before the violence in Sao Paulo broke out. （ B） The violence in Sao Paulo was under the command of one of the gang leaders who had been released recently. （ C） The gang leaders were satisfied with the conditions in the ne
17、w prisons. （ D） Guards in prisons often help the prisoners to escape. 17 Ask people to name a safe place and most will say “home“. But every year the British Government produces its official Home Accident Survey. This shows that home can be a dangerous place. Last year 7 British citizens died while
18、putting up their Christmas decorations. Over 1,600 needed medical help after falling off their chairs. And 70 people had fatal accidents while lying in bed. It is safe to say that no activity is without danger. Some of these accidents are just the risks of modern living. We prefer to risk having a w
19、ashing hour cleaning our clothes by hand. But most fatal accidents are not the result of mechanical failure. The two most common are falling down the stairs and going to sleep in the bath. This shows that we are more at risk when we feel safe. Research into driving habits proves this. Cars adapted w
20、ith driver safety features tend to be involved in more accidents. It seems that drivers who feel safe dont bother driving safely. It may well be that we need risk as a kind of mental discipline. It sharpens up the minds decision making processes. This may date from the origins of human civilization.
21、 Our remote ancestors were laced with a choice. Leaving their cave might mean being eaten by wild animals, But staying in the cave meant starving for certain. They took the risk and society was born. Modern societies are designed to be safe. Yet this produces a desire in individuals to look for dang
22、er. “Extreme sports“ have rapidly gained in popularity throughout the 1990s, As life gets safer and more predictable, people feel the urge to ski down cliffs or throw themselves off bridges attached to elastic ropes. Psychologists call this “self-actualization“. They mean a desire to be different an
23、d stand out from the crowd. Most people do not want to risk their lives. But they will take risks in other areas. For example, they risk failure when they go for promotion at work or start new businesses. This is a more acceptable risk than mountain climbing. Even when people fail, they are still al
24、ive. They may even get paid. It is possible to say that the whole global economy simply consists of people deciding whether to take risks or not. We all know of people who behave recklessly and lose their friends, family or even homes. The stories of those who risked everything on some enterprise an
25、d failed can be seen in any newspaper or magazine. So maybe it is safer to keep your head down at work. Perhaps now is not the time for that great business idea. Shouldnt we just play it safe? But this too is risky. If we refuse to take any risks, then we threaten our ability to think clearly. Accor
26、ding to the Home Accident Survey, twice as many people fall from short ladders than from long ones. 18 The author may regard risks as something_. （ A） tragic （ B） dangerous （ C） unavoidable （ D） promising 19 It is implied that_. （ A） home is the most dangerous place （ B） most people takes risks in m
27、any areas besides risking their lives （ C） risk awareness may contribute to safety （ D） if we dont take any risks, we will be able to think clearly 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 20
28、George Eliot was the pen-name of （ A） Mark Twain. （ B） Mary Ann Evans. （ C） Ellis Bell. （ D） Samuel Langhorne Clemens. 21 The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the_of the United States in January. （ A） Chief Justice （ B） House Speaker （ C） Secretary of State （ D） Se
29、nate Majority Leader 22 The three elements of the federal government include the following except_. （ A） Executive (the President) （ B） Legislature (the Congress) （ C） Judicial (the Supreme Court) （ D） State government 23 When was Longman Group UK Ltd was founded? （ A） 1721. （ B） 1722. （ C） 1723. （
30、D） 1724. 24 How does the Wars of the Roses get the name? （ A） The war is righted to get the roses. （ B） The war took place in the time when roses were in blossom. （ C） The war was righted because of love affair. （ D） The two sides raised the banner of rose. 25 The largest lake in Britain is （ A） Loc
31、h Lomond. （ B） the Lough Neagh. （ C） Windermere. （ D） Ullswater. 26 _ is the most important of all American crops. （ A） Wheat （ B） Corn （ C） Cotton （ D） Rice 27 Speech act theory is an important theory in the _ study of language. （ A） semantic （ B） pragmatic （ C） phonetic （ D） morphological 28 _ was
32、 NOT written by Hemingway. （ A） Light in August （ B） The Sun also Rises （ C） A Farewell to Arms （ D） For Whom the Bell Tolls 29 Bunyans most important work is _, written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream. （ A） The Footprint （ B） On His Blindness （ C） Vanity Fair （ D） The Pilg
33、rims Progress 二 、 PART IV PROOFREADING yet it is usually a powerful aid. For the infant nation, victory in the war and for the republican principle came as a heartening overture. The United States was brand new, or almost so; old errors and temptations had been shunned, and the book of history lay o
34、pen at a clean page. The former Puritan confidence in posterity had been retained, as we can see from Paines words; but though Puritan optimism had not been rosy enough to embrace human nature, the emphasis in these glad deistic(自然神教的 ) days now shifted from duties to rights, from innate depravity t
35、o innate virtue. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 33 Present newspapers are full of stories of cheating or deceptions. One cannot help wondering if People cannot do business without dishonesty. Please write a composition of about
36、400 words, appealing people to act honestly in business. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support your thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusi
37、on or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 716答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sil
38、l hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, a
39、nd another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Non- Verbal Communication Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to give you a brief introduction of non-verbal communication. My lecture is composed of three parts. Definiti
40、on of non-verbal communication, dimensions of non-verbal communication and impression formation and management of nonverbal communication. Now, first of all, how do you define non-verbal communication? Communication is generally defined as having both a verbal and nonverbal component. Whereas verbal
41、 communication often refers to the words we use in communication, nonverbal communication refers to communication that is produced by some means other than words: eye contact, body language, or vocal cues, for example. The five primary functions of Non-verbal Behavior are: 1. Expression of Emotionem
42、otions are expressed mainly through the face, body, and voice. 2. Communication of Interpersonal Attitudesthe establishment and maintenance of relationships is often done through nonverbal signals(tone of voice, gaze, touch, etc.). 3. Accompany and Support Speechvocalization and nonverbal behaviors
43、are synchronized with speech in conversation(nodding ones head or using phrases like “uh-huh“ when another is talking). 4. Self-Presentationpresenting oneself to another through nonverbal attributes like appearance. 5. Ritualsthe use of greetings, handshakes or other rituals. Secondly, lets talk abo
44、ut traditional dimensions of nonverbal communication. There are mainly six dimensions of nonverbal communication. No.l Physical AppearanceAppearance messages are generally the first nonverbal messages received and can be used to develop judgments about people based on how they look, what they wear,
45、and their level of attractiveness, among other things Physical attractiveness impacts how people perceive others as similar to themselves and is used to evaluate credibility and general attractiveness. No.2 Territory and Personal SpacePersonal space refers to the space an individual maintains around
46、 him or herself, while territory is a larger area an individual controls that can provide privacyfor example, an office or a specific chair in the conference room. Invading anothers territory may cause that person discomfort and the desire to defend his or her space by turning away or creating a bar
47、rier, for example. Culture can influence the way that individuals use space. Individualist societies like the United States emphasize personal rights and responsibilities, privacy, and freedom, whereas more collectivist societies emphasize community and collaboration. No.3 Facial ExpressionsThe most
48、 important non-verbal channel for expressing attitudes and emotions to other people is the face. Researchers have attempted to categorize facial expressions that express emotion and typically agree on six: happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, anger, disgust/contempt. No.4 Gestures and PosturesGesture
49、s and postures are frequent and continuous movements of the body that reflect individual thought processes and regulate communication. For body language to be interpreted as positive and genuine, it is important that it appear to be natural. Lewis suggests individuals stand erect and walk with shoulders back and stomach in. This helps communicat
