1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 74及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Marriage in Ancient Egypt The ancient Egyptians held marriage as a sacred bond. Each person in a family pl
3、ayed his or her own role. Marriage and a close family played an 【 1】 _ role in ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians were encouraged to marry young because the 【 2】 _ at this time was relatively short. One of the most 【 3】 _ tides you could call your love was “brother“ or “sister“, though marriage be
4、tween siblings was not a common phenomenon. Wedding Day: The bride merely moved her belongings into the home of her husband. Though there was no official ceremony, there were bound to be 【 4】 _ in-honor of the uniting couple. Before the 26th dynasty when a girl was going to enter into a marriage, he
5、r father had the 【 5】 _ Marriage Contract: Marriage settlements were drawn up between a womans father and her future husband. Its sole purpose was to establish the rights of both parties to 【 6】_ and possessions during the marriage and after divorce. The finished contract was given to a third party
6、for 【 7】 _. Due to the contract system that provided such far-reaching safeguards for the 【 8】 _ rights of wives and children that most men could only afford one wife at a time. During the early periods of ancient Egypt, the further husband made a payment to the brides father. Later this practice ab
7、andoned and later it was 【 9】 _ Divorce: A woman could divorce her husband for mental or physical cruelty or adultery. With the 【 10】 _ of marriage and divorce and the financial protection, she generally received divorce. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTIO
8、N B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to
9、 the interview. 11 What does this conversation most probably take place? （ A） In a travel agency. （ B） On a campus. （ C） In a bookshop. （ D） In a teachersshop. 12 What does this conversation most probably take place? （ A） In Britain. （ B） In Australia. （ C） In Italy. （ D） None of the above. 13 In Au
10、stralia, one can _. （ A） study English separately （ B） study English along with other subjects （ C） study English as a fun and relaxation （ D） all of the above 14 Those English language colleges that are not part of a university may be _. （ A） operated privately （ B） operated by the government （ C）
11、part of government technical and business colleges （ D） all of the above 15 Visitors on a tourist visa can undertake English study for up to _. （ A） three months （ B） six months （ C） one year （ D） three years SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Li
12、sten carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Hob did Iraq react to the American and British air raids? （ A） The public was indignant. （ B） The public was resigned. （ C） The president remained silent.
13、（ D） The president decided to ask other countries for help. 17 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Two Iraqis were killed in the attacks. （ B） Twenty-four American and British aircrafts were involved in the attacks. （ C） Some civilian areas near Russia were hit. （ D） Pentagon claimed that Iraqi
14、 air defenses had threatened the anted aircrafts. 18 Where were the American and British aircrafts targets? （ A） Their targets were near Pentagon. （ B） Their targets were five miles away from Baghdad. （ C） Their targets were below the 32nd parallel. （ D） Their targets were near the parallel where Ir
15、aqi civilians are not allowed to go. 19 What did lie and his wife do in the 1960s and 70s? （ A） They danced in a group. （ B） They played instruments together. （ C） They sang rock-and-roll together. （ D） They sang folk song together. 20 At what age did he die? （ A） 62. （ B） 52. （ C） 42. （ D） 32. 20 V
16、ideo conferencing is gradually becoming an accepted means in which to do business. For a long time is suffered from the image of the video conferencing suite, cumbersome and expensive to operate with long booking lead times. Its use tended to be confined to special executive meetings on different co
17、ntinents and its practicality for everyday uses tended to be overlooked. That was perfectly understandable given the state of the technology But desktop video conferencing entered the market with an explosion of publicity several years ago and has been growing at a steady rate since. Market predicti
18、ons show growth rates of around 60-100% year on year as more and more companies are beginning to embrace the concepts and applications of video conferencing. Changes in the way we work are going to provide one of the most important, spurs to the growth in the use of this technology. Mobile working i
19、s making traditional communications methods obsolete and rapid information exchange a priority. Video conferencing is well positioned to help companies who have a heavy reliance on immediate employee communications to meet this need in the ever-changing working environment. For those who are new to
20、video conferencing it is worth defining the key areas of video conferencing to help in under- standing the market. Video conferencing enables audio and video transmission between separate locations from anywhere in the world. Video conferences can be point-to-point exactly like a telephone call, or
21、multi-point enabling virtual meetings amongst three or more locations to take place, both most commonly using an ISDN network. Multi-point conferences require a physical device called a Multi-point Contro Unit (MCU) or “bridge“. The MCUs function is to recognize that each participant is using an ind
22、ustry standard and then connect all the participants together. The technical complexities of operating a bridge requires a telecom department within a organization, However most choose to avoid the costs and work associated with this and use a multi-point service provider which is where AT now cleri
23、cal and paraprofessional tasks are being automated; and eventually highly skilled and some professional functions will be made unnecessary. Individuals performing these functions face the probability of shorter periods of employment and the need to adapt or change their skills. As technologies, incl
24、uding information technology, grow more sophisticated, their learning curves stretch or the required skills become narrower; continuing training and education are likely to become a way of life for both employee and employer. Unlike the slow, gradual evolution of human labour in past generations, pr
25、esent day changes are occurring rapidly and with little warning. Unless society members anticipate these effects and prepare to cope with them mentally and in practice, job dislocations and forced geographic relocations may prove traumatic for employees and their families. The perhaps more fundament
26、al issue of paramount long-term significance for society has to do with the well-being of the human spirit in an increasingly knowledge-intensive environment. In such an environment, knowledge is the principal and perhaps most valuable currency. The growing volume and the rate of obsolescence of kno
27、wledge compel the individual to live in the continuous presence of, and frequent interaction with, information resources and systems. Effective use of these resources and systems may be a modern definition of literacy, while the absence of such a skill may very well result in intellectual and possib
28、ly economic poverty and inequity. There is a real danger that humans, unwilling or incapable or not given access to information, may be relegated to an existence that falls short of the human potential. 25 The underlined word “perturb“ in the first paragraph most probably means _. （ A） modify （ B） n
29、eglect （ C） permeate （ D） upset 26 The second paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） the obsolescence of many human functions （ B） the impact of information technology on individuals skills and jobs （ C） rapid evolution of human labour （ D） job dislocations and forced geographic relocations 27 Which of t
30、he following statements is true according to this passage? （ A） The borderline between the common good and personal privacy is no longer elusive. （ B） With the development of information technology even highly skilled and professional functions may become obsolete. （ C） People can never catch up wit
31、h the rate of obsolescence of knowledge. （ D） People who are given access to information are literate. 28 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） information technology （ B） an increasingly knowledge-intensive environment （ C） a modem definition of literacy （ D） effects of modern information systems on
32、 the individual 28 The females of our closest primate relatives, the chimpanzees, are not exactly paragons of sexual probity. A recent DNA study of behavior in the forest of Africas Ivory Coast showed that despite the hurrying of local males, the wily females were stealing off so often that half the
33、ir offspring turn out to be fathered by outsiders. Of bonobos, perhaps the less said the better, at least in a family magazine. These “pygmy chimps“, as they are also known, share 98% of our genes and a tendency to what Freud termed “polymorphous perversity“. They will have sex with anyone, male of
34、female as readily as we humans shake hands and apparently for the same purpose. The interesting thing is that female promiscuity seems to be a reproductively advantageous trait, which may explain why it prevails in the animal world. The more males a female prairie dog mates with, for example, the mo
35、re likely she is to conceive and the larger her litters. Angier reports on data, still disputed, that suggest human females are more likely to get pregnant for sex with an adulterous lover than from sex with their spouse. So, to the extent that females relied on male help in raising a family, the sm
36、artest female reproductive strategy may have involved no less treachery than the male one: behave promiscuously, so you 11 be sure to get pregnant, but pretend to be monogamous professing undying love - so that at least one of the fellows will think the kids are his and possibly take an interest in
37、them. Hey, it fooled the evolutionary psychologists! Men fall for pretty faces, women fall for healthy portfolios? Heres another object lesson sometimes drawn from the evolutionary allegory of Monica and Bill: men go for beautiful women, while women are attracted to power and money, even when it com
38、es in a fat, gray-haired middle-bound millionaire husband, there are more cases like ex-playmate Anna Nicole Smith and her late, wheelchair-bound millionaire husband, there are like elementary school teacher Mary Letourneau and her 13-year-old boyfriend. But since men tend to accrue wealth and power
39、 as they age, its a bit odd, as zoologist Desmond Moils once noted, that baleness doesnt necessarily activate the feminine positive response. It may be smart for women to go for the billionaires and tribal big shots, but in practice their choices are often politically and economically irrational, if
40、 not self-destructive. For example, Juliet fell for a scion of the enemy clan. In rock-and-roll tradition and movies from The Wild One to Shakespeare in Love. Its the penniless who makes the girls scream - and did anyone see Titanic? There is in fact a respectable evolutionary rationale for such “ir
41、rational“ female choices. Women may want loyal, provider-type mates to help them raise their children. But if their sons are not attractive to other women - and hence keep the lineage thriving - it might help if dad is a heartbreaker himself. Unfortunately, though, physical attractiveness is net a r
42、e- liable guide to reproductive “fitness, as in health and wealth. Consider the peacock, its gorgeous tall renders it fairly vulnerable to predators, so any peahen with a concern for her sons longevity should opt for a more modestly cute one. 29 According to the information given in the first paragr
43、aph, we can infer that _. （ A） chimps also live in a civilized community （ B） human beings are just similar to the chimps （ C） people understand chimps quite well （ D） the chimps and people live in similar societies 30 Which of the following is a most likely meaning for the word “bonobo in the first
44、 paragraph? （ A） A species of wild horses. （ B） A species of chimpanzee. （ C） A species of giraffes. （ D） A species of tigers. 31 In fourth paragraph, the author cites the example of Monica and Bill to show that _. （ A） men like charming women while women like strong men （ B） men like charming women
45、 while women like rich men （ C） men like money while women like cute men （ D） men like money while women like charming men 32 In the last paragraph the author cites the example of beautiful peacocks with gorgeous tails to mean _. （ A） a female who favors cute clothes （ B） a male who likes cute cloth
46、es （ C） an animal that favors many friends （ D） a male who is cute but not rich 32 Theories are like apples; there are good ones and there are bad ones. A good apple is flavorful and nutritious. A good theory is one that we have good reason to believe is true, or at least likely to be true. Apples h
47、ave all sorts of features that are indicative of goodness and that can be used at the store for making smart choices. An apples color, shininess, shape, and firmness are related to its flavor and food value. Similarly, theories have features that are indicative of their truth, and the task of justif
48、ication is to identify these features and use them to guide choices as to which theories to believe. In this way, responsible theory choice and responsible science are not unlike responsible shopping. The big difference is that you get to go home and eat the apple and find out if you were right and
49、it really does taste good. With theories, however, there is no feature that is the taste of truth, at least not that we get to sample. There are only features that indicate truth. You never get to go home and see unambiguously that atomic theory, for example, is true. But you do the best you can. Theories have lots of different properties and can differ one from another in a variety of different ways. A few have been mentioned already, namely the degree of generality a
