1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 788及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Stephen Krashens Theory of Second Language Acquisition Stephen Krashen is an expert in the field of lingu
3、istics. Some points about his Theory of Second Language Acquisition should be known. I. A brief description of the theory of second language acquisition A. Requiring meaningful interactionnatural【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ B. Supplying “comprehensible input“ in low anxiety situations allowing students to【 B2】 _w
4、hen they are “ready“【 B2】 _ recognizing improvement comes from supplying effective input C. Having large impacts in second language research and teaching II. Five main【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ A. The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis the most fundamental one two independent systems “acquisition“: product of a(n)
5、【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ “learning“: product of formal instruction and comprising a conscious process B. The Monitor hypothesis 【 B5】 _the influence of learning on acquisition【 B5】 _ acting in a planning, editing and correcting function the role of the monitor is minor, only used to correct deviations 【 B6】 _
6、among learners: over-users, under-users, optimal users【 B6】 _ an evaluation of the persons psychological profile can help e.g. under-users: extroverts; over-users: introverts and【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ C. The Natural Order hypothesis based on research findings: acquisition follows a【 B8】 _“natural order“【 B8
7、】_ rejecting grammatical sequencing on language acquisition D. The Input hypothesis an explanation of how second language acquisition takes place only concerned with “acquisition“ Second language “input“ is beyond ones【 B9】 _of linguistic competence【 B9】 _ E. The Affective Filter hypothesis the “aff
8、ective variables“ playing a facilitative role in acquisition variables:【 B10】 _, self-confidence and anxiety【 B10】 _ the “up“ of the filter to impede language acquisition positive affect being necessary, but not sufficient on its own, for acquisition to take place 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【
9、 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answe
10、r each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What can we know about the interviewee from the interview? （ A） He used to be a biologist. （ B） He studies comedy at school. （ C） He is a column writer. （ D） He made mistakes in labs. 12 Which of the following statements about t
11、he similarity between science and comedy is CORRECT? （ A） They both have a long history. （ B） They both have influence on the society. （ C） They both are subjects of study. （ D） They both are serious matters. 13 According to the interviewee, what is likely to be the consequence of being funny in the
12、 lab? （ A） It will reduce the pressure of the experiment. （ B） It will distract people from their research. （ C） It will give people the excuse for mistakes. （ D） It will add inspiration and creativity to the lab. 14 Which of the following best describes the interviewees feeling towards being a scie
13、ntist? （ A） It takes too many years to finish the training. （ B） Theres a certain pattern on how to become a scientist. （ C） Everyday lab work is routine and boring. （ D） It is harder to make a living. 15 What can we learn about Experimental Error from the interview? （ A） About 24 topics have been d
14、ealt with by the interviewee. （ B） Scientists can understand the humor better by it. （ C） Math puns are often employed in the column. （ D） Its opening was due to the interviewees suggestion. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and
15、 then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the news item mainly about? （ A） The inspection of chemical weapons program in Syria. （ B） The warplane bombard of the rebel-held town in Syria. （ C） The current sit
16、uation of Syrias raging civil war. （ D） The U. N. s effort on the cease-fires in Syria. 17 According to the news item, how many Americans are unemployed? （ A） 163,000. （ B） 1.63 million. （ C） 8.3 million. （ D） 12.8 million. 18 According to Rich Milgram, the first positions of recruitment are （ A） sa
17、les positions. （ B） information technology positions. （ C） accounting positions. （ D） management positions. 19 What has Washington Governor done to deal with the fire? （ A） He has officially made some counties in states of emergency. （ B） He has ordered some air support to the Department of Natural
18、Resources. （ C） He has asked for cooperation from neighboring states. （ D） He has requested to cut down trees to stop the fire spreading. 20 Which of the following statements about the Taylor Bridge Fire is NOT true? （ A） The fire started in Monday afternoon. （ B） The fire originated in the state of
19、 Colorado. （ C） The fire has led to the evacuation of about 900 people. （ D） The fire has caused no injuries so far. 20 Talk is cheap when it comes to solving the problem of too-big-to-fail banks. From the luxury of even todays stuttering economic recovery it is easy to vow that next time lenders lo
20、sses will be pushed onto their creditors, not onto taxpayers. But cast your mind back to late 2008. Then, the share prices of the worlds biggest banks could halve in minutes. Reasonable people thought that many firms were hiding severe losses. Anyone exposed to them, from speculators to churchgoing
21、custodians of widows pensions, tried to yank their cash out, causing a run that threatened another Great Depression. Now, imagine being sat not in the observers armchair but in the regulators hot seat and faced with such a crisis again. Can anyone honestly say that they would let a big bank go down?
22、 And yet, somehow, that choice is what the people redesigning the rules of finance must try to make possible. The final rules are due in November and will probably call for banks in normal times to carry core capital of at least 10% of risk-adjusted assets. This would be enough to absorb the losses
23、most banks made during 2007-2009 with a decent margin for error. But that still leaves the outlier banks that in the last crisis, as in most others, lost two to three times more than the average firm. Worse, the crisis has shown that if they are not rescued they can topple the entire system. That is
24、 why swaggering talk of letting them burn next time is empty. Instead, a way needs to be found to impose losses on their creditors without causing a wider panic - the financial equivalent of squaring a circle. America has created a resolution authority that will take over failing banks and force los
25、ses on unsecured creditors if necessary. That is a decent start, but may be too indiscriminate. The biggest banks each have hundreds of billions of dollars of such debt, including overnight loans from other banks, short-term paper sold to money-market funds and bonds held by pension funds. Such coun
26、terparties are likely to run from any bank facing a risk of being put in resolutionwhich, as the recent crisis showed, could mean most banks. Indeed, the unsecured Adebt market is so important that far from destabilising it, regulators might feel obliged to underwrite it, as in 2008. A better altern
27、ative is to give regulators draconian power but over a smaller part of banks balance-sheets, so that the panic is contained. The idea is practical since it means amending banks debt structures, not reinventing them, although banks would need roughly to double the amount of this debt that they hold.
28、It also avoids too-clever-by-half trigger mechanisms and the opposite pitfall of a laborious legal process. Indeed, it is conceivable that a bank could be recapitalised over a weekend. The banks worry there are no natural buyers for such securities, making them expensive to issue. In fact they resem
29、ble a bog-standard insurance arrangement in which a premium is received and there is a small chanceof perhaps one in 50 each yearof severe losses. Regulators would, though, have to ensure that banks didnt buy each others securities and that they didnt all end up in the hands of one investor. Last ti
30、me round American International Group became the dumping ground for Wall Streets risk and had to be bailed out too. Would it work? The one thing certain about the next crisis is that it will feature the same crushing panic, pleas from banks and huge political pressure to stabilise the system, whatev
31、er the cost. The hope is that regulators might have a means to impose losses on the private sector in a controlled way, and not just face a binary choice between bail-out or oblivion. 21 In 2008, the following occurrences happened EXCEPT that （ A） banks capital shrank dramatically. （ B） firms preten
32、ded to profit. （ C） another Great Depression followed. （ D） organizations tried to take money back. 22 The government cant take bank crisis for granted mainly because （ A） it may lead to the incredible damage. （ B） it may cause a wider panic. （ C） banks lose more than average firms. （ D） it often ha
33、ppens during depression. 23 The resolution is_in the authors point of view. （ A） of no help （ B） bound to fail （ C） without careful selection （ D） sort of socialism 24 The solution suggested in Paragraph 6 is better in the following ways EXCEPT （ A） making less effort on banks debt structures. （ B）
34、not having to face stupid trigger mechanism. （ C） going through no troublesome legal process. （ D） helping the banks collect enough capital. 25 The author is showing his_in writing this passage. （ A） reason （ B） rage （ C） worry （ D） objection 25 Not long ago, Ted Gup opened a battered old suitcase f
35、rom his mothers attic and discovered a family secret. Inside was a thick sheaf of letters addressed to “B. Virdot,“ all dated December 1933, all asking for help. Also inside: 150 canceled checks signed by the mysterious Virdot. Gup, a journalism professor at Bostons Emerson College, quickly got to t
36、he bottom of the story: His grandfather Samuel Stone had used the pseudonym to slip money to impoverished people. “At the time, he caused quite a stir,“ says Gup, who chronicles the story in A Secret Gift: How One Mans KindnessAnd A Trove of Letters Revealed the Hidden History of the Great Depressio
37、n. Stone wasnt a mogul, but as the owner of a chain of clothing stores, he was fairly well off. Just before Christmas, 1933, he placed an ad. in his local Canton, Ohio, newspaper, offering money to 75 people who wrote to “B. Virdot“ explaining their need. The letters poured in and were so heartrendi
38、ng that he ended up giving 150 people $ 5close to $ 84 in todays money. “I read all the letters multiple times,“ says Gup, who was astonished by the raw anguish of the Depression. Then he tracked down the recipients descendants. “Most people I contacted wept when they learned about the letters,“ Gup
39、 says. “When they read the letters, they sobbed, and I had to give them room to collect themselves. It brought home what their parents and grandparents had endured“- no money for food, shoes, rent, let alone anything to give their kids for Christmas. “There were instances in which the calamity of th
40、e Depression was so great that $ 5 barely made a dent,“ Gup says. “But there were others for whom it really did make a difference. It provided Christmas dinner, a few presents under the tree.and at least as important, it signaled that somebody cared. In 1933, the New Deal was a glint in FDRs(Frankli
41、n Delano Roosevelt)eye; it was just beginning. There was no net to catch people when they were free-falling. “ Some whom Gup contacted finally understood why their parents had been able to serve a fancy meal for just that one holiday; others learned harsh truths. “The children of several letter writ
42、ers were unaware that their parents had gone to jail,“ driven by desperation to steal to put food on the table. “That did not diminish their respect or love for their parents,“ he says, “but it enhanced their understanding.“ Gup found out that his grandfather had his own dark past. Hed been born in
43、Romania, notas hed claimedPittsburgh; his birth certificate was phony, and hed invented his biography. Gup speculates that, having escaped a childhood of poverty, hunger, and religious persecution(he was Jewish), his grandfather lied to escape bias against immigrants. That Stone wasnt a saint, that
44、hed done whatever it took to escape adversity, helped explain his motives: He understood despair, Gup says, and that “nothing was more precious than a second chance. “ On November 5, the descendants of the people Stone helped are scheduled to gather at the Canton Palace Theatre in Canton to share st
45、ories and read the original letters. As for Gup, he views the legacy of the Depression as “a real appreciation of family, of collaboration and sacrifice, of respectwhat we tend to think of as American virtues. The hard times were brutal, but they did create an awareness that saw us through the Secon
46、d World War and helped usher in a period of prosperity, an awareness I fear was being lost in materialism and self absorption prior to the recent great recession. “No one in his right mind would welcome such times,“ Gup says. “My family and neighbors have felt the sting of this recession. But our id
47、entity as individuals and as a nation is the product not just of good times but also of bad times. They give us our spine, our strength, our gumption, our grit, all those things we take such pride in. “I think B. Virdots gift is a reminder that we should all be emboldened to make an effort, no matte
48、r how modest, to extend ourselves. Thats what makes the difference in all our lives. “ 26 According to the passage, Ted Gup （ A） is a journalist working for a college. （ B） read a story entitled A Secret Gift. （ C） found out some of the letter writers. （ D） is a descendant of Jewish. 27 Reading the
49、letters, the help-receivers descendants cried out of （ A） the memory of miserable days. （ B） the gratitude for Mr. Virdot. （ C） the secret they didnt know. （ D） missing their parents. 28 Which statement is INCORRECT about Samuel Stone? （ A） He helped poor people in the name of B. Virdot. （ B） He concealed his true identity as a Jewish by making up his past. （ C） He was born in a rich family of the upper
