1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 78及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Basic Cultural Types As business goes global, businessmen have come to find the people in different cultur
3、es act quite differently, and that only when they can deal with cultural issues properly can they expect a business success. It is very important to understand different types of culture in order to success in【 1】 【 1】 _. Four-factor framework to define and classify national culture. Individualism v
4、s. Collectivism Individualism emphasizes【 2】 , 【 2】 _. but collectivism emphasizes sacrificing personal needs. In an individualist culture, decision making may be. quick, but its【 3】 may be slow.【 3】 _. But the opposite is true in a collectivist culture. High vs. Low Power Distance Power distance re
5、fers to how people view power and their own role in decision making. In a culture with low power distance, employees will seek【 4】 【 4】 _. in making decisions, and will be unwilling in accepting decisions they have made no contribution to. But in a culture with high power distance, employees will【 5
6、】 most decisions made by their boss. 【 5】 _. High vs. Low Avoidance of Uncertainty Avoidance of uncertainty refers to a societys ability to tolerate【 6】 【 6】 _. In a culture of high uncertainty avoidance people tend to give up individual freedom for【 7】 【 7】 _. In a culture of low uncertainty avoida
7、nce, people may【 8】 more often. 【 8】 _. Masculinity vs. Femininity This refers to whether a society shows more male or female features. Societies with masculine values show much aggressiveness and assertiveness, and value material success. Societies with feminine values emphasize【 9】 , and quality o
8、f life. 【 9】 _. In a feminine culture, the pace of business is slow and calm, and depends more on personal relationships. In a masculine culture, business is efficient, and people plan to enjoy【 10】 【 10】_. rather than present working day. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【
9、9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questi
10、ons. Now listen to the interview. 11 What does Frank have to do next? （ A） Get the results of the survey back. （ B） Draw the results of the survey. （ C） Make some conclusions. （ D） Collect more information 12 What is Theresas market research project on? （ A） Violence on television. （ B） Transportati
11、on in the city. （ C） The history of transportation. （ D） Bureaucracy in the city. 13 What did the results of Franks survey show? （ A） Everyone thinks there is too much violence on TV. （ B） Most people think there is too much violence on TV. （ C） There is no real agreement on the amount of violence.
12、（ D） There is a problem with the survey. 14 How many questionnaires did Frank gave out? （ A） 120. （ B） 70. （ C） 50. （ D） 40. 15 Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation? （ A） Children might see the heroes of violent films as role models. （ B） Theresa say Franks survey represe
13、nt public opinion （ C） Theresa is going to interview her respondents in the shopping mall. （ D） The best type of questions are short and specific or multiple choice or simple questions. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then
14、 answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Viktor Yushchenko has finally been declared the winner _. （ A） more than two weeks after the rerun presidential election （ B） less than two weeks after the rerun presidential ele
15、ction （ C） more than two weeks before the rerun presidential election （ D） less than two weeks before the rerun presidential election 17 What is the former Prime Minsters attitude towards the outcome? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Pessimistic. （ C） Objective. （ D） Not concerned. 18 The incident occurred in
16、_. （ A） the south of Baghdad on Sunday （ B） the south of Baghdad on Saturday （ C） the north of Baghdad on Sunday （ D） the north of Baghdad on Saturday 19 According to Goerge W. Bush, what will be the future action of US concerning the Kyoto Accord? （ A） To call on more effort to reduce human beings
17、contribution to global climate change. （ B） To include more developing countries into the Accord. （ C） To continue to oppose to the Accord. （ D） To sign the treaty to cut emissions of carbon dioxide. 20 The 1980 convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material _. （ A） made it “legally bindi
18、ng“ for states to protect all nuclear facilities and materials （ B） dealt with the protection of nuclear facilities and materials not only in transport but also in use and storage （ C） also provided for expanded international cooperation to prevent nuclear theft. （ D） only dealt with fissile materia
19、ls while in transport. 20 Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) doe
20、s so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory. There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from GeorgeA. Mille
21、r, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number, Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short t
22、erm memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage. When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engag
23、e in “rote rehearsal“. By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Un- fortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and
24、paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass informati
25、on from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal“. This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories. Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable
26、. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more clues a person is given (such as pictures), the more like
27、ly a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. (426) 21 The underlined word “elapses“ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） passes （ B） adds up （ C） appears （ D） continues 22 Why does the author mention a dogs
28、 bark? （ A） It is a type of memory. （ B） It is a type of interruption. （ C） Dogs have better memories than humans. （ D） A dogs bark is similar to a doorbell. 23 The author believes that “rote rehearsal“ is _. （ A） the best way to remember something （ B） more efficient than chunking （ C） ineffective
29、in the long run （ D） an unnecessary interruption 24 Why does the author mention doorbell rings? （ A） It is a type of information. （ B） It is a type of break. （ C） It is a type of incentive. （ D） It is a type of warning. 24 Dearest Julian and Juliette, You must be back from Africa, I imagine, by now-
30、but meanwhile Africa has come to us, with a vengeance, in a frightful heat wave with temperatures day after day of 105, and 80 degrees at night. In my own case, meteorology has been compounded by a spell of ill-health, due to the after-effects of a long course of radiation which I had to take this s
31、pring. I hadnt told you of this trouble before, since it hadnt seriously interfered with my activities and there seemed to be no point in spreading unnecessary apprehensions. It started in 1960, with a malignant tumour on the tongue. The first surgeon I went to wanted to cut out half the tongue and
32、leave me more or less speechless. I went with him to my old friend, Dr Max Cutler. Cutler recommended treatment with radium needles and so did the Professors of Radiology and Surgery at the U. of Cal. Medical Centre at San Francisco, whom I consulted. I took the treatment in the early summer of 1960
33、, and it was remarkably successful. The tumour on the tongue was knocked out and has shown no signs of returning. However, as generally happens in these cases, the lymph glands of the neck became involved. I had one taken out in 1962, and this spring another mass appeared. This was subjected to twen
34、ty-five exposures of radio-active cobalt, an extremely exhausting treatment from which I was just recovering when at last I was able to make the trip to Stockholm and London. Since my return there has been a flare-up of secondary inflammation, to which tissues weakened by radiation are peculiarly li
35、able, often after considerable intervals Result: I have had to cancel my lecture tour . Another handicap is my persistent hoarseness due to the nerve that supplies the right-hand vocal cord having been knocked out, either by an infiltration of the malignancy, or by the radiation. I hope this hoarsen
36、ess may be only temporary, but rather fear I may carry it to the grave. What the future holds, one doesnt know. In general these malignancies in the neck and head dont do much metastasizing. Meanwhile I am trying to build up resistance with the combination of a treatment which has proved rather succ
37、essful at the University of Montreal and the University of Manila-the only institutions where it has been tried out over a period of years-and which has been elaborated upon by Professor Guidetti, of the University of Turin, who has read papers on his work at the last two International Cancer Congre
38、sses, at Buenos Aires and Moscow. I saw Guidetti while in Turin and was impressed by some of his case-histories, and with Cutlers approval we are carrying out his treatment here. When this damned inflammation dies down, which may be expected to do in a few weeks, I hope to get back to regular work.
39、For the present I am functioning at only a fraction of normal capacity. (515) Much love to you both from both of us, Ever your affectionate Aldous 25 The author is suffering from _. （ A） cut in his tongue （ B） lymph inflammation （ C） cancer （ D） hoarse voice 26 The author seems to be rather _ about
40、his disease. （ A） patient and optimistic （ B） impatient and pessimistic （ C） impatient but optimistic （ D） indifferent but impatient 26 Is the study of science simply a discipline in search of laws relating to the existence of material truths? Or is it also a search for principles which testify to t
41、he reality of a single Creator who has predetermined and man- dated the existence of all things, both material and spiritual, according to certain comprehensive and interrelated universal laws? Recently, many cosmologists-scientists who study the structure and origin of the universe-have acknowledge
42、d that there is a definite link between the scientific and religious accounts of the Creation. An account on the subject “where life begins“ indicated that recent cosmological studies relating to the origin of Creation tend to validate the biblical account. The universe, according to the studies, wa
43、s a huge fireball created about twenty billion years ago by the magnificently illuminating explosion of a giant primordial atom. The Bible describes the Creation in these words: In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the fac
44、e of the deep and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters. And God said, “Let there be light.“ And there was light. (Genesis 1) At another level of scientific inquiry, oceanographers-scientists who study the origin, composition and life forms found in the ocean and bodies of water-h
45、ave been searching to determine whether the oceans would be a productive source of food supply for humankind in the future. Water bodies and oceans cover 70% of the earths surface and oceanographers are firmly convinced that they can be utilized as a potential source of Christianity and Islam appear
46、s to attest to the validity of scientific investigation in the development of ocean resources as source of food supply. The Koran states: “And He is who had made the sea subservient to you that you may eat flesh from it and bring forth ornaments which you wear and you might see the ships cleaving th
47、rough it and that you might seek of his bounty and give thanks.“ (Koran 1614) In the words of the poet Walt Whitman, in his Leaves of Grass, “I say the whole earth and the stars are in the sky for religions sake.“ (370) 27 This selection implies that _. （ A） there is evidence that scientists are gen
48、erally atheists （ B） cosmologists read the Bible as part of their research （ C） scientific studies show evidence of the validity of religious accounts of the universe and its origin （ D） intellectual agnosticism has been on the rise 28 A possible title of this passage is _. （ A） Science and Religion
49、 （ B） The Science of Religion （ C） The Origin of the Universe （ D） The Creation of the World 28 Women and the Winning of the West The popular version of the lone wagon train, forging its way west, in constant danger of losing the faintly marked trail, its occupants trembling in fear of imminent Indian massacre, is just a Hollywood concoction, says histor
