1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 797及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The American Dream: Myth or Reality? Though the term “American Dream“ is widely used today, there exist m
3、any problems we seem unable to provide answers. A more important question arises: Is the American Dream a myth or a reality today? I . Introduction: the occurrence of “American Dream“ origin: first appeared in Horatio Algers novel, Ragged Dick the message from the novel: Everyone could succeed in Am
4、erica if they are hard working and【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ 【 B2】 _: the hope to have a better life and a higher living standard【 B2】_ II. Evolution: new versions and【 B3】 _of the term【 B3】 _ A. the basic definition mentioned above: desire to improve life in the past: started out on a smaller scale today: caus
5、es an out-of-control consumerism and materialism B. more【 B4】 _view: desire to create opportunities by hard working【 B4】_ hallmark: the classic “self-starter“ example; former President Abraham Lincoln C. associated with【 B5】 _and their stories【 B5】 _ Americans are fascinated by their stories. Americ
6、ans feel pride about their own families, who worked hard to create a better life for【 B6】 _.【 B6】 _ D. associated with westward expansion in the U.S. frontier: a vast expanse of【 B7】 _in the West【 B7】 _ positive side: opportunities for dreamers negative side【 B8】 displacement of_【 B8】 _ III . Recent
7、 interpretation: be relevant to【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ Dr. Martin Luther King: equal opportunities for all Americans a harsh reality: not everyone had the same opportunities a myth: if people were【 B10】 _opportunities for race, ethnic background,【 B10】 _ or gender. 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【
8、 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each o
9、f the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What is the woman? （ A） A reporter. （ B） A brainpower expert. （ C） A doctor. （ D） An associate professor. 12 According to the interview, which of the following is INCORRECT? （ A） Active people are likely to get Alzheimers disease. （ B）
10、Exercise can improve peoples body function. （ C） Exercise can help new nerve cells grow. （ D） Exercise can help people fight disease. 13 According to the interview, more new nerve cells mean that_. （ A） the brain is growing （ B） they are less connecting （ C） they are less weaved （ D） peoples brain w
11、ill function better 14 According to the interview, which of the following is INCORRECT? （ A） Exercising in your 30s will make a difference. （ B） Starting exercising earlier will be better. （ C） Exercising can also benefit children. （ D） Exercising in your 50s will not make a difference. 15 The first
12、 thing a woman who gets a diagnosis of breast cancer should do is_. （ A） to go out and start exercising （ B） to see her doctor （ C） to get a medical team （ D） to make a research SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer
13、the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the FTC study, when gas prices go down, （ A） buyers are at a loss no matter which station to go. （ B） retailers usually make less profit than usual. （ C） economists will con
14、duct studies on prices for FTC. （ D） convenience stores will probably serve more customers. 17 How many people have died of the disease? （ A） 2. （ B） 9. （ C） 14 （ D） 16 18 The health officials urged the public to （ A） report all the possible cases. （ B） avoid any contact in public places. （ C） wear
15、special suits and masks. （ D） change bedding and clothing every day. 19 Bahraini opposition activists say a teenage boy （ A） was severely wounded by a tear gas canister. （ B） could be killed by the security forces. （ C） was beaten to death by the protestors. （ D） was shot by a gun fired at close ran
16、ge. 20 Bahraini opposition activists have been protesting for （ A） peace and security in the nation. （ B） economic reforms in the island state. （ C） more say in the national affairs. （ D） democratic election of the rulers. 20 The process of transforming all direct experience into imaginary or into t
17、hat supreme mode of symbolic expression, language, has so completely taken possession of the human mind that it is not only a special talent but a dominant, organic need. All our sense impressions leave their traces in our memory not only as signs disposing our practical reaction in the future but a
18、lso as symbols, images representing our idea of things: and the tendency to manipulate ideas, to combine and abstract, mix and extend them by playing with symbols, is mans outstanding characteristic. It seems to be what his brain most naturally and spontaneously does. Therefore his primitive mental
19、function is not judging reality, but dreaming his desires. Dreaming is apparently a basic function of human brains, for it is free and unexhausting like our metabolism, heartbeat, and breath. It is easier to dream than not to dream, as it is easier to breathe than to refrain from breathing. The symb
20、olic character of dreams is fairly well established. Symbol mongering, on this ineffectual, uncritical level, seems to be instinctive, the fulfillment of an elementary need rather than the purposeful exercise of a high and difficult talent. The special power of mans mind rests on the evolution of th
21、is special activity, not on any transcendently high development of animal intelligence. We are not immeasurably higher than other animals: we are different. We have a biological need and with it a biological gift that they do not share. Because man has not only the ability but the constant need of c
22、onceiving what has happened to him, what surrounds him, what is demanded of himin short, of symbolizing nature, himself, and his hopes and fearshe has a constant and crying need of expression. What he cannot express, he cannot conceive: what he cannot conceive is chaos, and fills him with terror. If
23、 we bear in mind this all-important craving for expression we get a new picture of mans behavior: for from this trait spring his powers and his weaknesses. The process of symbolic transformation that all our experiences undergo is nothing more or less than the process of conception, underlying the h
24、uman faculties of abstraction and imagination. When we are faced with a strange or difficult situation, we cannot react directly, as other creatures do, with flight, aggression, or any such simple instinctive pattern. Our whole reaction depends on how we manage to conceive the situationwhether we ca
25、st it in a definite dramatic form, whether we see it as a disaster, a fulfillment of doom, or a fiat of the Devine Will. In words or dreamlike images, in artistic or religious or even in cynical form, we must construe the events of life. There is great virtue in the figure of speech, “ I can make no
26、thing of it,“ to express a failure to understand something. Thought and memory are processes of making the thought content and memory image: the pattern of our ideas is given by the symbols through which we express them. And in the course of manipulating those symbols we inevitably distort the origi
27、nal experience, as we abstract certain features of it, embroider and reinforce those features with other ideas, until the conception we project on the screen of memory is quite different from anything in with our real history. Conception is a necessary and elementary process: what we do with our con
28、ceptions is another story. That is the entire history of human cultureof intelligence and morality, folly and superstition, ritual, language, and the artsall the phenomena that set man apart from, and above, the rest of animal kingdom. As the religious mind has to make all human history a drama of s
29、ins and salvation in order to define its own moral attitudes, so a scientist wrestles with the mere presentation of “the facts“ before he can reason about them. The process of envisaging facts, values, hopes, and fears underlies our whole behavior pattern: and this process is reflected in the evolut
30、ion of an extraordinary phenomenon found always, and only, in human societiesthe phenomenon of language. 21 What can we learn about human mind according to Paragraph One? （ A） It is busy transforming our direct experience into language. （ B） All our sense impressions can leave their traces directly
31、in our brains. （ C） It is very natural for human brain to mix and combine symbols and images. （ D） The major mental function of the human brain is to make judgments. 22 The italicized sentence in Paragraph Two is an example of_. （ A） irony （ B） metaphor （ C） analogy （ D） euphemism 23 The “biological
32、 need“ mentioned in Paragraph Three refers to_. （ A） the organic need for food and nutrition （ B） the elementary need for self-fulfillment （ C） the instinctive need for processing symbols （ D） the constant need for expression 24 Why is the conception projected in our memory different from anything i
33、n our real life? （ A） Because the situations we are faced with in our real life are strange and difficult. （ B） Because the conceptions are expressed in different forms for the same thing. （ C） Because the human brains will fail to understand something in difficult situations. （ D） Because the origi
34、nal experience is distorted in the process of symbolic transformation. 25 Which can serve as the title of this text? （ A） Images and Human Brain. （ B） Language and Human Brain. （ C） Dreams and Human Brain. （ D） Conceptions and Human Brain. 25 Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital commun
35、ication has created strife and confusion between friends, colleagues and romantic partners. Sarcasm, after all, is best conveyed using tone of voice, a wink or a nudge. Now, as more people are sharing their opinions with casual acquaintances and strangers on social-media sites like Twitter and Faceb
36、ookrather than in private text messages to people who know their senses of humorthe sarcasm disconnect is even greater. “My work e-mail is down. Im devastated,“ or, “because that was so much fun the last time we did it,“ could mean completely different things to different readers. The confusion has
37、driven some people to create special symbols and characters to clearly mark their snark. And woe is the data miner who has the challenge of determining what is sarcasm and what isnt. Defined as stating the opposite of what is truly meant, sarcasm is proving to be an obstacle for the academics and ma
38、rketers who create computer programs to analyze massive pools of online chatters to gauge public opinions about products and politicians. “Sarcasm is one of the toughest problems in computing,“ says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor of computer science, linguistics and psychology at the University of
39、 Southern California. Computer programming follows strict rules, while natural language, particularly the inside-joke culture of the Web, doesnt. That is the hurdle faced by USCs Annenberg Innovation Lab, an interdisciplinary center that brings together social and computer scientists. The labs “Twit
40、ter Sentiment Analysis“ project unites linguists, sociologists and computer scientists to try to build a modern-day lexicon for computers to read and interpret huge chunks of data provided by the millions of people who share their opinions online. The scientists at the lab have been using the politi
41、cal season to try to teach a computer to better understand the true sentiment behind tweets. “ If we can crack through political sarcasm, everything else will be easier,“ says Jonathan Taplin, a onetime film producer, Bob Dylan tour manager and investment banker who now runs the Annenberg lab, which
42、 is sponsored by IBM, DirecTV, Warner Bros. and other companies. All data-mining servicesor “online sentiment listeners,“ as they are sometimes calledrely on a combination of natural-language computer programming and human analysts. Sentiment listeners and computers are trained to look for cues and
43、symbols such as exclamation marks or emoticonskeyboard characters that, when typed together, convey smiles, winks or other expressions. Looking to punctuation and other symbols to signal earnestness can be misleading, says Kate Paulin, the director of the insights and planning department at digital
44、marketing agency 360i. Ms. Paulin says working for brands such as Coca-Cola has taught her that little can be taken at smiley-face value. Teens and tweeters use emoticons sarcastically, she says. And a single exclamation markas opposed to multiple marksmay actually convey a lack of enthusiasm, she s
45、ays. Lovers of sarcasm who like to tweet are taking matters in their own keyboards. Aliza Licht, the senior vice president of global communications for Donna Karan LLC, who was “ devastated“ to lose her work e-mail on Tuesday, calls sarcasm “a religion. “Yet, as the hand that controls all of the fas
46、hion labels social outreachand the popular dkny twitter feedshe needs to be sure not to ruffle feathers with her humor. So she invented a short, twitter-friendly sign to denote sarcasm“(*S)“-and uses it to let her followers know when her tongue is in cheek, such as with her tweet about losing e-mail
47、. “We cant read tonality in text, and its a problem,“ she says. When his best friend failed to recognize his use of sarcasm in e-mails about 10 years ago, Doug Sak, an accountant in Washington Township, Mich. , saw a market: He since has created the “ SarcMark,“ an upside-down lowercase E with a dot
48、 in the center, helpful for things that might actually not have been “ so much fun the last time we did it. “ He says he is approaching phone carriers to try to get them to include the symbol in their fonts. 26 The sarcasm could most probably be used among_. （ A） friends and co-workers （ B） linguist
49、s and sociologists （ C） computer scientists （ D） human analysts 27 Which of the following best defines sarcasm? （ A） The using of voice, a wink or a nudge. （ B） Stating the opposite of what is truly meant. （ C） Symbols used for communication online. （ D） One of the toughest problems in computing. 28 The purpose of the “Twitter Sentiment Analysis“ project is to_. （ A） bring scientists of different areas
