1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 798及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Kolbs Learning Styles Psychologist David Kolb presented his theory of learning styles in 1984. I. A four-
3、stage cycle of learning observe experiences build a general theory form【 B1】 _and generalizations【 B1】 _ test the implications II. Four learning styles A. the converger abilities: abstract conceptualization active experimentation be good at the practical【 B2】 _of ideas【 B2】 _ do best in situations o
4、f single-solution problems B. the【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ abilities: concrete experience reflective observation be good at【 B4】 _smaller bits of information【 B4】 _ careers: artists, musicians, counselors and so on C. the assimilator abilities: abstract conceptualization reflective observation be more interest
5、ed in【 B5】 _ideas【 B5】 _ careers: engage in math and the basic sciences D. the accommodator abilities:【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ active experimentation be good at risking and thinking on their feet careers: technician,【 B7】 _and marketing【 B7】 _ III.【 B8】 _to Jungian Personality Theory【 B8】 _ based on the Myers
6、-Briggs Type Indicator active/reflective dimension similar to extraversion/introversion concrete/abstract dimension similar to【 B9】 _ dimension【 B9】 _ IV. Support and criticism for Kolbs learning styles choose departmental major according to learning styles lack valid research fail to acknowledge th
7、e impact of【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At
8、 the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 For a nuclear power reactor operator, which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） He can get the highest salary of $ 103,000 a year. （ B） He must have a high
9、school diploma in that field. （ C） He needs work for three years at the power station. （ D） He can take an exam administered by the power plant. 12 According to the interview, what is the personal trainers average pay? （ A） $51,000. （ B） $103,000. （ C） 141000 （ D） 142000 13 Which of the following st
10、atements about a pastry chef is INCORRECT? （ A） His salary is gradually raised every year. （ B） He had at least 150 hours of training. （ C） His median pay is the highest on the list. （ D） He must have employees working for him. 14 Which of the following topics is discussed during the interview? （ A）
11、 An electrician can earn $ 104,000 a year. （ B） An electrician neednt get a license. （ C） Handyman must have a high school diploma. （ D） Handyman needs rich experience. 15 Which of the following requirements about massage therapist is mentioned? （ A） About 500 hours of training. （ B） An actual assoc
12、iates degree. （ C） A professional qualification certificate. （ D） A set of perfect facilities. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 secon
13、ds to answer the questions. 16 Obamas leads in three key swing states_. （ A） caused Romney reconsider the influence of female voters （ B） made him more dynamic in the election campaign （ C） affected Romneys choice of his running mate （ D） won him more support from home state senators 17 According to
14、 the WHO and Save the Childrens new report, _. （ A） numerous newborns die soon after their birth each year （ B） many of the newborn deaths could be prevented easily （ C） the death of newborns has long been a worldwide problem （ D） the first month is the most dangerous period for newborns 18 Which of
15、 the following countries has the largest number of newborn deaths annually? （ A） India. （ B） Nigeria. （ C） Pakistan. （ D） The Democratic Republic of Congo. 19 What does the Congress plan to do in August? （ A） To have a rest for five weeks. （ B） To discuss the new disaster assistance. （ C） To fix the
16、 right of lawmakers. （ D） To eliminate regional differences. 20 What kind of federal assistance can the drought-stricken livestock producers get? （ A） A favorable five-year farm policy. （ B） Discount on the purchase of feed. （ C） Money for the cost of livestock losses. （ D） Free insurance against fu
17、ture disasters. 20 When the American psychologist Wayne Oates died in 1999, The New York Times began his obituary by noting two facts. First, the man had authored an astonishing 57 books. Second and presumably not coincidentally he had coined the word workaholic. Oates invented the now-ubiquitous te
18、rm in a 1968 essay, in which he confessed that his own addiction to industriousness had been a disorder similar to substance abuse. Of course, he acknowledged, workaholism is much more socially respectable than drinking a fifth a day more the sort of personality trait that might help someone, say, e
19、arn an obit in the paper of record. What, precisely, qualifies someone as a workaholic? Theres still no single accepted medical definition. But psychologists have tried to distinguish people merely devoted to their careers from the true addicts. A seminal 1992 paper on how to measure the condition a
20、rgued that sufferers work not only compulsively but also with little enjoyment. Newer diagnostic tests attempt to single out those who, among other behaviors, binge and then suffer from withdrawal just as someone would with, say, a gambling or cocaine habit. Even as the precise outlines of workaholi
21、sm remain a bit fuzzy, various studies have tried to identify its physical and emotional effects. At the risk of carrying on like a Pfizer ad: research has associated it with sleep problems, weight gain, high blood pressure, anxiety, and depression. Thats to say nothing of its toll on family members
22、. Perhaps unsurprisingly, spouses of workaholics tend to report unhappiness with their marriages. Having a workaholic parent is hardly better. A study of college undergraduates found that children of workaholics scored 72 percent higher on measures of depression than children of alcoholics. They als
23、o exhibited more-severe levels of “parentification“ a term family therapists use for sons and daughters who, as the paper put it, “are parents to their own parents and sacrifice their own needs .to accommodate and care for the emotional needs and pursuits of parents or another family member“. How ma
24、ny people are true workaholics? One recent estimate suggests that about 10 percent of U.S. adults might qualify; the proportion is as high as 23 percent among lawyers, doctors, and psychologists. Still more people may be inclined to call themselves workaholics, whether or not they actually are : in
25、1998, 27 percent of Canadians told the countrys General Social Survey that they were workaholics, including 38 percent of those with incomes over $80,000.(Even among those with no income, 22 percent called themselves workaholics! Presumably some were busy homemakers and students.) The condition may
26、well have a certain social cachet; as the psychologist Bryan Robinson once put it, work addiction might be “the best-dressed mental health problem“ of them all. In one of the rare economic studies on the subject, researchers found that the educated and affluent were much more likely than lower-incom
27、e Americans to put off retirement, a possible sign of workaholism in action. Such delayed retirement certainly gives new meaning to the phrase worked to death. For what its worth, the concept would not raise many eyebrows in Japan, where grueling job hours have long been a norm, and theres a word fo
28、r death by overwork karoshi. The countrys courts have even recognized it as a basis for wrongful-death suits. 21 All the following statements about Wayne Oates are true EXCEPT （ A） he thought workaholism was not socially respectable. （ B） he had written 57 books. （ C） he brought the term workaholic
29、to the world. （ D） he admitted his own addiction to work. 22 What is the definition of workaholics given by the seminal 1992 paper? （ A） Those who work willingly and happily. （ B） Those who work hard and happily. （ C） Those who work unwillingly and unhappily. （ D） Those who work hard and unhappily.
30、23 Which of the following results is NOT related with workaholism? （ A） Sleep disorders. （ B） Weight loss. （ C） Depression and anxiety. （ D） Unhappy marriages. 24 What can be implied from “whether or not they actually are“ in the fourth paragraph? （ A） Nobody is hardworking at all. （ B） Some people
31、are more hardworking than others think. （ C） All the people are not as hardworking as others think. （ D） Some people prefer to be regarded as hardworking. 25 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The reasons why people become workaholics. （ B） The definition and harms of workaholism. （ C） The
32、countries which have the most workaholics. （ D） The methods of not being a workaholic. 25 A recent study by German researchers presents the possibility of “carbon farming“ as a less risky alternative to other carbon capture and storage technologies. It suggests that a significant percentage of atmos
33、pheric CO2 could potentially be removed by planting millions of acres of a hardy little shrub known as Jatropha curcas, or the Barbados nut, in dry, coastal areas. But other experts raised doubts about the studys ambitious projections, questioning whether the Barbados nut would be able to grow well
34、in sandy desert soils and absorb the quantity of carbon their models predict. The researchers behind the study say Barbados nut plantations could help to mitigate the local effects of global warming in desert areas, causing a decrease in average temperature and an increase in precipitation. If a lar
35、ge enough portion of the Earth were blanketed with carbon farms, they say, these local effects could become global, capturing between 17 and 25 metric tons of CO2 per hectare each year over a 20-year period. The study, published in the journal Earth System Dynamics, states that if 730 million hectar
36、es of land an area about three-quarters the size of the United States were devoted to this method of carbon farming, the current trend of rising atmospheric CO2 levels could be halted. Carbon farms would not compete with food production if they were concentrated in dry coastal areas, the researchers
37、 said. In their scenario, oceanside desalination plants, partially powered by biomass harvested from the plantations themselves, provide a low-emissions irrigation method. The study states that the Barbados nut is uniquely suited to growing in regions inhospitable to other crops. The plant, which pr
38、oduces a nonedible seed that can be used to create biodiesel, is comfortable growing at temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit. It can also withstand high levels of contamination in the soil, making wastewater another potential source for irrigation. The cost of carbon farming is comparable t
39、o the costs associated with other carbon capture and storage technologies, the study asserts. The researchers calculated that the total cost for a plantation would be between 42 and 63 per ton of carbon, or between about $ 55 and $ 85. The estimated cost of carbon capture technology varies widely, b
40、ut the nonprofit Center for Climate and Energy Solutions pegs it between $36 and $81, depending on the emissions source. Wulfmeyer stressed that carbon farming could have “fantastic value for the local people“ if international carbon markets pick up, promoting rural development and opening up the po
41、ssibility of additional agriculture as the soil quality improves around the plantation. In an email, van Noordwijk, chief science adviser for the World Agroforestry Center in Bogor, Indonesia, questioned the growth rate and the atmospheric carbon capture rate hypothesized by the studys authors, call
42、ing the estimated carbon price of the plantations a “substantial underestimate.“ “Were not talking about trees that create substantive, high-density woody biomass, but about a plant with a shrubby growth habit and a long track record of deceiving farmers with yield potentials that are not being real
43、ized,“ he said. Also, van Noordwijk said, “even with the abundance of water, the nutrient storage in sandy desert soil is low, and bringing in the nutrient supply to support high growth rates has high energy costs if nitrogenous fertilizer is used.“ He added, “The estimated carbon price of this opti
44、on already indicates that there are far better opportunities for reducing ongoing emissions from peatland use and deforestation.“ 26 What do some experts worry about the Barbados nut according to the passage? （ A） Its ability to grow well and absorb carbon. （ B） The high cost and low production. （ C
45、） The high temperature in the surroundings. （ D） Its ability to create biodiesel. 27 According to the researchers behind the study, all of the following will happen EXCEPT （ A） a decrease in temperature. （ B） an increase of rain. （ C） the mitigation of global warming. （ D） the reduction of soil cont
46、amination. 28 Which of the following characteristics does NOT belong to the Barbados nut? （ A） High temperature resistant. （ B） The edible seed. （ C） Adaptability to dirty water. （ D） Biological sources of energy. 29 Which of the following statements cannot explain “fantastic value for the local peo
47、ple“? （ A） The soil quality around the carbon farming can be improved. （ B） The rural area can be developed as the carbon markets boom. （ C） There will be more agriculture. （ D） The yield of carbon farming is surprising. 30 What is the attitude of van Noordwijk towards the study? （ A） Interested. （
48、B） Positive. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Critical. 30 Eating when youre not hungry especially high-calorie, high-fat foods may not always rise to the newly broadened clinical definition of an eating disorder. But the behavior that for many Americans is a routine pastime certainly contributes to excess we
49、ight gain, with its implications for health. And it is considered “disordered eating“ by most mental health professionals. A study published Thursday in the journal Science adds to evidence that binge eating and overeating generally may have a biological basis. The new research, conducted on mice, suggests a target in the brain that drug developers should consider in exploring treatments for s
