1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 802及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Cross-cultural Living In adapting to a new culture, expect to go through three distinct stages. I will gi
3、ve you some ideas of the emotional ups and downs that most people go through when they move to another culture. I. Brief Introduction culture shock encountering cultural dissimilarity responding to psychological【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ culture peoples thoughts and behavior II. Three Stages of Adapting to A Ne
4、w Culture A. The【 B2】 _phase【 B2】 _ feelings: exciting, new and exotic, a sensory delight B. Culture shock emotional impact for some: brief and hardly noticeable for others: intense discomfort 【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ e.g. stomach, fatigue, insomnia, etc. C. Cultural adaptation content:【 B4】 _and social adjus
5、tment【 B4】 _ III. The Expected Emotional Ups and Downs A. Prior to your【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ a stressful and exciting time B.【 B6】 _in the host culture【 B6】 _ for most people: elated and excited for some people: different reactions e.g. a few students: homesick reasons: 1)no full preparation 2)different ex
6、pectations 3)jetlag and【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ 4)more challenges C.【 B8】 _after arrival【 B8】 _ low point: bashing, complaining D. Period for adaptation feel【 B9】 _ and be at home【 B9】 _ E. Returning home the second honeymoon: excited the second shock:【 B10】 _and missing【 B10】 _ the second adaptation: adaptiv
7、e 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview
8、you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Compared with written complex questionnaires, structured interviews （ A） are likely to obtain a higher response rate. （ B） mainly aim at illiterate people as respondents. （ C） are more like c
9、asual everyday conversations. （ D） suit literate and capable respondents more. 12 Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） If there are no restrictions, try to get as big a response as you can. （ B） Always control the number of respondents in case it gets out of control. （ C） If time is li
10、mited, try to pick out the respondents in advance. （ D） Finish the planned number of interviews even if the deadline should be postponed. 13 According to Prof. Kingston, how should the interviewers ask questions? （ A） Be flexible and add some relevant questions if necessary. （ B） Listen attentively
11、to the interviewees while asking questions. （ C） Follow the questions strictly without even adding one word. （ D） Keep the interviewees attention and ask questions as many as possible. 14 Why should researchers always record the interviews? （ A） Because the technology makes recordings easy to make.
12、（ B） Because successful recordings provide more detailed data. （ C） Because recordings can show everybodys facial expressions. （ D） Because recordings can help the interviewers pilot their schedule. 15 What is the final step of the interviews? （ A） Make copies of all the data. （ B） Choose the most s
13、uitable software packages. （ C） Input all the data in the computer. （ D） Classify and analyze all the interview responses. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item
14、, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the FTC study, when gas prices go down, （ A） buyers are at a loss no matter which station to go. （ B） retailers usually make less profit than usual. （ C） economists will conduct studies on prices for FTC. （ D） convenience stores
15、 will probably serve more customers. 17 How many people have died of the disease? （ A） 2. （ B） 9. （ C） 14. （ D） 16. 18 The health officials urged the public to （ A） report all the possible cases. （ B） avoid any contact in public places. （ C） wear special suits and masks. （ D） change bedding and clot
16、hing every day. 19 Bahraini opposition activists say a teenage boy （ A） was severely wounded by a tear gas canister. （ B） could be killed by the security forces. （ C） was beaten to death by the protestors. （ D） was shot by a gun fired at close range. 20 Bahraini opposition activists have been protes
17、ting for （ A） peace and security in the nation. （ B） economic reforms in the island state. （ C） more say in the national affairs. （ D） democratic election of the rulers. 20 The process of transforming all direct experience into imaginary or into that supreme mode of symbolic expression, language, ha
18、s so completely taken possession of the human mind that it is not only a special talent but a dominant, organic need. All our sense impressions leave their traces in our memory not only as signs disposing our practical reaction in the future but also as symbols, images representing our idea of thing
19、s: and the tendency to manipulate ideas, to combine and abstract, mix and extend them by playing with symbols, is mans outstanding characteristic. It seems to be what his brain most naturally and spontaneously does. Therefore his primitive mental function is not judging reality, but dreaming his des
20、ires. Dreaming is apparently a basic function of human brains, for it is free and unexhausting like our metabolism, heartbeat, and breath. It is easier to dream than not to dream, as it is easier to breathe than to refrain from breathing .The symbolic character of dreams is fairly well established.
21、Symbol mongering, on this ineffectual, uncritical level, seems to be instinctive, the fulfillment of an elementary need rather than the purposeful exercise of a high and difficult talent. The special power of mans mind rests on the evolution of this special activity, not on any transcendently high d
22、evelopment of animal intelligence. We are not immeasurably higher than other animals: we are different. We have a biological need and with it a biological gift that they do not share. Because man has not only the ability but the constant need of conceiving what has happened to him, what surrounds hi
23、m, what is demanded of him in short, of symbolizing nature, himself, and his hopes and fears he has a constant and crying need of expression. What he cannot express, he cannot conceive: what he cannot conceive is chaos, and fills him with terror. If we bear in mind this all-important craving for exp
24、ression we get a new picture of mans behavior: for from this trait spring his powers and his weaknesses. The process of symbolic transformation that all our experiences undergo is nothing more or less than the process of conception, underlying the human faculties of abstraction and imagination. When
25、 we are faced with a strange or difficult situation, we cannot react directly, as other creatures do, with flight, aggression, or any such simple instinctive pattern. Our whole reaction depends on how we manage to conceive the situation whether we cast it in a definite dramatic form, whether we see
26、it as a disaster, a fulfillment of doom, or a fiat of the Devine Will. In words or dreamlike images, in artistic or religious or even in cynical form, we must construe the events of life. There is great virtue in the figure of speech. “I can make nothing of it,“ to express a failure to understand so
27、mething. Thought and memory are processes of making the thought content and memory image: the pattern of our ideas is given by the symbols through which we express them. And in the course of manipulating those symbols we inevitably distort the original experience, as we abstract certain features of
28、it, embroider and reinforce those features with other ideas, until the conception we project on the screen of memory is quite different from anything in our real history. Conception is a necessary and elementary process: what we do with our conceptions is another story. That is the entire history of
29、 human cultureof intelligence and morality, folly and superstition, ritual, language, and the artsall the phenomena that set man apart from, and above, the rest of animal kingdom. As the religious mind has to make all human history a drama of sins and salvation in order to define its own moral attit
30、udes, so a scientist wrestles with the mere presentation of “the facts“ before he can reason about them. The process of envisaging facts, values, hopes, and fears underlies our whole behavior pattern: and this process is reflected in the evolution of an extraordinary phenomenon found always, and onl
31、y, in human societies the phenomenon of language. 21 What do we know about human mind according to Paragraph One? （ A） The human mind is busy transforming our direct experience into language. （ B） All our sense impressions can leave their traces directly in our brains. （ C） It is very natural for hu
32、man brain to mix and combine symbols and images. （ D） The major mental function of the human brain is to make judgments. 22 The italicized sentence in Paragraph Two is an example of （ A） irony. （ B） metaphor. （ C） analogy. （ D） euphemism. 23 The “biological need“ mentioned in Paragraph Three refers
33、to （ A） the organic need for food and nutrition. （ B） the elementary need for self-fulfillment. （ C） the instinctive need for processing symbols. （ D） the constant need for expression. 24 Why is the conception projected in our memory different from anything in our real life? （ A） Because the situati
34、ons we are faced in our real life are strange and difficult. （ B） Because the conceptions are expressed in different forms for the same thing. （ C） Because the human brains will fail to understand something in difficult situations. （ D） Because the original experience is distorted in the process of
35、symbolic transformation. 25 What can serve as the title of this passage? （ A） Images and Human Brain. （ B） Language and Human Brain. （ C） Dreams and Human Brain. （ D） Conceptions and Human Brain. 25 Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created strife and confusion bet
36、ween friends, colleagues and romantic partners. Sarcasm, after all, is best conveyed using tone of voice, a wink or a nudge. Now, as more people are sharing their opinions with casual acquaintances and strangers on social-media sites like Twitter and Facebookrather than in private text messages to p
37、eople who know their senses of humorthe sarcasm disconnect is even greater. “My work e-mail is down. Im devastated,“ or, “because that was so much fun the last time we did it,“ could mean completely different things to different readers. The confusion has driven some people to create special symbols
38、 and characters to clearly mark their snark. And woe is the data miner who has the challenge of determining what is sarcasm and what isnt. Defined as stating the opposite of what is truly meant, sarcasm is proving to be an obstacle for the academics and marketers who create computer programs to anal
39、yze massive pools of online chatters to gauge public opinions about products and politicians. Sarcasm “is one of the toughest problems in computing,“ says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor of computer science, linguistics and psychology at the University of Southern California. Computer programming f
40、ollows strict rules, while natural language, particularly the inside-joke culture of the Web, doesnt. That is the hurdle faced by USCs Annenberg Innovation Lab, an interdisciplinary center that brings together social and computer scientists. The labs “Twitter Sentiment Analysis“ project unites lingu
41、ists, sociologists and computer scientists to try to build a modern-day lexicon for computers to read and interpret huge chunks of data provided by the millions of people who share their opinions online. The scientists at the lab have been using the political season to try to teach a computer to bet
42、ter understand the true sentiment behind tweets. “If we can crack through political sarcasm, everything else will be easier,“ says Jonathan Taplin, a onetime film producer, Bob Dylan tour manager and investment banker who now runs the Annenberg lab, which is sponsored by IBM, DirecTV, Warner Bros, a
43、nd other companies. All data-mining servicesor “online sentiment listeners,“ as they are sometimes calledrely on a combination of natural-language computer programming and human analysts. Sentiment listeners and computers are trained to look for cues and symbols such as exclamation marks or emoticon
44、skeyboard characters that, when typed together, convey smiles, winks or other expressions. Looking to punctuation and other symbols to signal earnestness can be misleading, says Kate Paulin, the director of the insights and planning department at digital marketing agency 360i. Ms. Paulin says workin
45、g for brands such as Coca-Cola has taught her that little can be taken at smileyface value. Teens and tweeters use emoticons sarcastically, she says. And a single exclamation markas opposed to multiple marksmay actually convey a lack of enthusiasm, she says. Lovers of sarcasm who like to tweet are t
46、aking matters in their own keyboards. Aliza Licht, the senior vice president of global communications for Donna Karan LLC, who was “devastated“ to lose her work e-mail on Tuesday, calls sarcasm “a religion.“ Yet, as the hand that controls all of the fashion labels social outreach and the popular dkn
47、y twitter feedshe needs to be sure not to ruffle feathers with her humor. So she invented a short, twitter-friendly sign to denote sarcasm“(* S)“and uses it to let her followers know when her tongue is in cheek, such as with her tweet about losing email. “We cant read tonality in text, and its a pro
48、blem,“ she says. When his best friend failed to recognize his use of sarcasm in emails about 10 years ago, Doug Sak. an accountant in Washington Township, Mich. , saw a market: He since has created the “SarcMark,“ an upside-down lowercase E with a dot in the center, helpful for things that might act
49、ually not have been “so much fun the last time we did it.“ He says he is approaching phone carriers to try to get them to include the symbol in their fonts. 26 The sarcasm could most probably be used among （ A） friends and co-workers. （ B） linguists and sociologists. （ C） computer scientists. （ D） human analysts. 27 Which of the following best defines sarcasm? （ A） The using of voice, a wink or a nudge. （ B） Stating the opposite of what is truly me
