1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 804及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Strategies for Writing a Literature Review A literature review discusses published information in a parti
3、cular subject area. If we want to write it well, we should take the following strategies. I. Find a focus reason: not simply list the【 B1】 _, but go into detail around ideas【 B1】 _ II. Construct a【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ requirement: a particular perspective about the material III. Consider【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ intr
4、oduction: a topic body: the【 B4】 _of sources【 B4】 _ conclusions: the end of the paper IV. Organizing the body A. a【 B5】 _: materials on sperm whales【 B5】 _ B. three typical methods chronological method: progression of time disadvantage: no continuity among subjects - -by【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ reveal a chang
5、e in dissection practices - -by trend have subsections according to eras C.【 B7】 _ method: focus on a topic【 B7】 _ an important factor: progression of time more authentic thematic reviews: no chronological order D.【 B8】 _method: focus on the methods【 B8】 _ influence of methodological【 B9】 _:【 B9】 _
6、1)the types of the documents 2)the way of discussing documents E. additional sections current situation history 【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ questions for further research 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will h
7、ear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Dr. Getsy, most peop
8、le who complain of trouble in sleeping are those who （ A） have the disease of chronic insomnia. （ B） dont know the importance of sleep. （ C） exercise less and eat more. （ D） always stay awake in bed. 12 Which of the following is NOT a symptom of insomnia? （ A） They cant sleep as much as they try. （
9、B） They have a true sleep disorder. （ C） They cant sleep enough because of the health condition. （ D） They dont have time to sleep. 13 According to Dr. Getsy, the advice for people who have trouble sleeping is to （ A） keep relaxed. （ B） lie in bed for 2 hours. （ C） have a good mood. （ D） make a sche
10、dule and keep it. 14 Which of the following is NOT a tip for getting a good sleep? （ A） Making your bedroom comfortable. （ B） Making sleep a priority. （ C） Not having your computer in your bedroom. （ D） Having caffeine after lunchtime 15 According to Dr. Getsy, you should have a nap （ A） more than 2
11、 hours. （ B） less than 45 minutes. （ C） about 20 minutes. （ D） about 30 minutes. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer t
12、he questions. 16 According to the United Nations, less Somalis left their country because_. （ A） the drought is almost over （ B） the border is more strictly guarded （ C） most people have already left （ D） more aid has arrived in the country 17 Scientific experts say the Horn of Africa will_. （ A） ha
13、ve great climate change in the next decade （ B） suffer from very severe droughts in 10 years （ C） face more frequent and more intense droughts （ D） be on the verge of cruel political conflicts 18 The measures people should take to deal with the drought include_. （ A） making new economic policies （ B
14、） investing in smallholder farms （ C） setting up land organizations （ D） calling for international aid 19 The two climbers died in Peru when they_. （ A） climbed up the mountain （ B） tried to jump off the cliff （ C） explored the summit of the hill （ D） moved down from the top 20 Which is most likely
15、the cause of the two climbers death? （ A） The change of weather condition. （ B） The collapse of an ice block. （ C） The break of the rope. （ D） The shortage of supply. 20 In a windowless room on the University of California, Berkeley, campus, two undergrads are playing a Monopoly game that one of the
16、m has no chance of winning. A team of psychologists has rigged it so that skill, brains, savvy, and luckthose ingredients that ineffably combine to create success in games as in lifehave been made immaterial. Here, the only thing that matters is money. One of the players, a brown-haired guy in a str
17、iped T-shirt, has been made “rich.“ He got $2,000 from the Monopoly bank at the start of the game and receives $200 each time he passes Go. The second player, a chubby young man in glasses, is comparatively impoverished. He was given $1,000 at the start and collects $100 for passing Go. T-Shirt can
18、roll two dice, but Glasses can only roll one, limiting how fast he can advance. The students play for fifteen minutes under the watchful eye of two video cameras, while down the hall in another windowless room, the researchers huddle around a computer screen, later recording in a giant spreadsheet t
19、he subjects every facial twitch and hand gesture. T-Shirt isnt just winning: hes crushing Glasses. Initially, he reacted to the inequality between him and his opponent with a series of smirks, an acknowledgment, perhaps, of the inherent awkwardness of the situation. “Hey,“ his expression seemed to s
20、ay, “this is weird and unfair, but whatever.“ Soon, though, as he whizzes around the board, purchasing properties and collecting rent, whatever discomfort he feels seems to dissipate. Hes a skinny kid, but he balloons in size, spreading his limbs toward the jar ends of the table. He smacks his playi
21、ng piece(in the experiment, the wealthy player gets the Rolls-Royce)as he makes the circuitsmack, smack, smack ending his turns with a board-shuddering bang! Four minutes in, he picks up Glassess piece, the little elf shoe, and moves it for him. As the game nears its finish, T-Shirt moves his Rolls
22、faster. The taunting is over now: Hes all efficiency. He refuses to meet Glassess gaze. His expression is stone cold as he takes the losers cash. For a long time, primatologists have known that chimpanzees will act out social dominance with a special ferociousness, slapping hands, stamping feet, or
23、“charging back and forth and dragging huge branches,“ as Jane Goodall once wrote. And sociologists and anthropologists have explored the effects of hierarchy in tribes and groups. But psychology has only recently begun seriously investigating how having money, that major marker of status in the mode
24、rn world, affects psychosocial behavior in the species Homo sapiens. By making real people temporarily very affluent, without regard to their actual economic circumstances and within the controlled environment of a psych lab, the Berkeley researchers aim to demonstrate the potency of that one variab
25、le. “Putting someone in a role where theyre more privileged and have more power in a game makes them behave like people who actually do have more power, more money, and more status,“ says Paul Piff, the psychologist who designed the experiment. The Monopoly results, based on a year of watching inequ
26、itable games between pairs like Glasses and T-Shirt, have not yet been released. But Piff believes that they will support and amplify his previous provocative research. Earlier this year, Piff, who is 30, published a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that made him semi-fam
27、ous. Titled “Higher Social Class Predicts Increased Unethical Behavior,“ it showed through quizzes, online games, questionnaires, in-lab manipulations, and field studies that living high on the socioeconomic ladder can, colloquially speaking, dehumanize people. It can make them less ethical, more se
28、lfish, more insular, and less compassionate than other people. It can make them more likely, as Piff demonstrated in one of his experiments, to take candy from a bowl of sweets designated for children. “While having money doesnt necessarily make anybody anything,“ Piff says, “the rich are way more l
29、ikely to prioritize their own self-interests above the interests of other people. It makes them more likely to exhibit characteristics that we would stereotypically associate with, say, assholes. “ These findings, in combination with a researcher eager to promote them, reverberated online. On messag
30、e boards, detractors accused Piff of using his lab to promote a leftist agenda: that his home base was Berkeley only fueled those suspicions. Piff s e-mail box filled with messages calling him a “liberal idiot“ and his work “junk science.“ “I would wager,“ says Wharton business-school psychologist P
31、hilip Tetlock, “that a congressional committee chair who favors redistribution of wealth would be far more likely to call these experts in as witnesses than would a committee chair who opposes redistribution.“ It is easy to see Piffs research as ideologically motivated. The point is to “shed light o
32、n some of the consequences of social class,“ he says. But whatever his goal is, the “results are apolitical,“ he says, and the data point in a clear direction. “Would I be less excited if we found that higher-status people were more generous?“ he asks. “Id probably be less excited, but thats not wha
33、t we found.“ 21 According to the article, a Monopoly game （ A） is designed by psychologists who are the only people to win the game. （ B） is played by undergraduates with skills, brains, savvy and luck. （ C） makes the winner rich and loser impoverished in their lives. （ D） determines who will win th
34、e game at the very beginning. 22 Which word can best describe the behavior of “T-shirt“ when playing the game? （ A） Arrogant. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Efficient. （ D） Inhumane. 23 The italicized sentence in Paragraph Three is an example of （ A） euphemism. （ B） exaggeration. （ C） metaphor. （ D） analogy
35、. 24 What can we imply from the words of psychologist Philip Tetlock? （ A） People of different standpoint have disagreed opinions on the Berkley research. （ B） These experts of Berkley research are witnesses of redistribution of social wealth. （ C） The Berkley research elicits a fierce debate among
36、the congressional committee. （ D） The committee chair who opposes redistribution will never call the experts. 25 According to the article, which of the following is true about Berkeley researchers? （ A） They publicized the results of the Monopoly game and received much criticism. （ B） They found peo
37、ple who participated the game behaved less ethical. （ C） They were excited to find people in higher socioeconomic hierarchy less generous. （ D） Their purpose of the research is to clarify the hierarchy in social classes. 25 The arrest of a man for allegedly posting a picture of a burning poppy(Peopl
38、e wear poppy to memorize those who died in the two world wars)online on Remembrance Sunday has been condemned by civil liberties activists, amid growing concern about threats to freedom of speech. The 19-year-old from Canterbury, named locally as Linford House, was questioned by Kent Police yesterda
39、y on suspicion of an offence under the Malicious Communications Act. Freedom-of-speech campaigners accused the police of using the law to arrest a man for merely causing offence. Leading human rights lawyer John Cooper QC offered to represent the teenager free of charge should the matter come to cou
40、rt. Tim Minchin was among the comedians to speak out in favour of the arrested mans right to cause offence yesterday. He said: “Youvem a right to burn a(fake!)poppy. Whether I agree with the action is utterly irrelevant. Kent Police are out of line. “ Mr. Houses arrest was dubbed “poppycock“ by many
41、 discussing the issue online. Nick Pickles, director of Big Brother Watch, said the arrest was “utterly ridiculous“. He said: “Kent Police need to release this man and drop an utterly ridiculous investigation into something that has harmed no one.“ “It is not illegal to offend people and, however id
42、iotic or insensitive the picture may have been, it is certainly not worthy of arrest. “The case highlights the urgent need to reform a law that poses a serious risk to freedom of speech after several ludicrous prosecutions in recent months. “ The teenager is alleged to have posted the image of a pop
43、py being burned with a cigarette lighter on Face-book, along with a caption which read: “How about that you squadey c(insulting words). “ Mr. Cooper QC told The Independent: “Freedom of speech is not just the freedom to say nice things, it is the freedom to say obnoxious and distasteful things as we
44、ll. What we have here, is a stupid and foolish young man making an obnoxious gesture. But to potentially criminalise him and to arrest him is disproportionate and dangerous to the very fundamental freedom of speech. “There seems to be a growing intolerance and a particular intolerance to comments ma
45、de on social media. It is almost as if certain sections of societythe policeare trying to send out unwarranted heavy-handed signals which are an affront to the very rights that we hold dear.“ In March last year, Emdadur Choudhury, a member of Muslims Against Crusades(MAC), was fined 50 after burning
46、 replica poppies on the anniversary of Armistice Day. Choudhury had denied a charge under Section 5 of the Public Order Act of burning the poppies in a way that was likely to cause “harassment, harm or distress“ to those who witnessed it. But he was guilty of a “calculated and deliberate“ insult to
47、the dead and those who mourn them when he burned two large plastic poppies during a two-minute silence on 11 November, a district judge sitting at Belmarsh magistrates court said. A spokeswoman for the Royal British Legion declined to comment on the investigation in Kent. Kent Police said in a state
48、ment: “Officers were contacted at around 4 p. m.on Sundayand alerted to the picture, which was reportedly accompanied by an offensive comment.“ After an investigation by Kent Police, a 19-year-old Canterbury man was arrested and he has been interviewed by detectives and released on police bail, pend
49、ing. 26 What happened to the 19-year-old man from Canterbury? （ A） He violated the Malicious Communications Act. （ B） He was deprived of the freedom of speech online. （ C） He was arrested by the Police for offensive action. （ D） He hired lawyer John Cooper QC to defend for him. 27 Which of the following is TRUE about Kent Police? （ A） Its illegal for them to take away the man to the police. （ B） They are ridiculous to carry out
