1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 808及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 English for Specific Purposes ESP: English for Specific Purposes ESL: English as a Second Language I. Dif
3、ferences between ESP and ESL: A. Purposes of ESP learners to communicate a set of【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ to perform particular job-related functions B. Focus ESL:【 B2】 _structures【 B2】 _ ESP: language in context C. Aim of instruction - ESL: stressing four skills equally - ESP: stressing the【 B3】 _skills【 B3】
4、 _ II. ESP A.【 B4】 _ of subject matter and English language teaching【 B4】 _ B. highly motivating language applying reinforcing what is taught 【 B5】 _ giving learners the context they need【 B5】 _ III. ESP teachers A. from ESL teachers to ESP teachers adapting ESL teaching skills for ESP teaching 【 B6
5、】 _help from content specialists【 B6】 _ B. roles of ESP teachers 1. organizing courses dealing with course materials supporting students providing【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ 2. setting goals and objectives - arranging the【 B8】 _for learning【 B8】 _ - considering learners potential and their concern 3. creating a
6、learning environment structuring effective communication skills listening to students carefully giving replies 【 B9】 _learners confidence【 B9】 _ 4. evaluating students serving as a【 B10】 _about learners progressing【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【
7、B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. No
8、w listen to the interview. 11 The reason why people put on weight at work is that （ A） peoples living standards are improved. （ B） people lack exercises. （ C） companies provide too much nutritious food. （ D） peoples salary is increased. 12 Which of the following exercises after work is recommended b
9、y the man? （ A） Riding a bicycle. （ B） Squat movement. （ C） Running. （ D） Climbing stairs. 13 Which of the following features of lunchtime is NOT mentioned in the interview? （ A） Less energy. （ B） Not greasy. （ C） Good nutrition. （ D） Non-caloric fluids. 14 Why does the interviewee think that brown
10、bagging is a great way? （ A） Because it can help to control calories. （ B） Because it can reduce expense. （ C） Because it is more hygienic. （ D） Because it can save more time. 15 The interviewees opinion of exercising at desk shows that it is （ A） a good way of losing weight. （ B） a solution that do
11、esnt work. （ C） an efficient way of improving health. （ D） a bad way of wasting time. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to ans
12、wer the questions. 16 The attack on the UN building in Nigeria （ A） was a terrible suicide car bomb attack. （ B） was done by a right-wing Islamist group. （ C） aroused great fears of security experts. （ D） killed 11 people and injured dozens more. 17 Which of the following statements about South Kore
13、as old address system is CORRECT? （ A） It could be very helpful with a map. （ B） It aimed to keep the Korean cultural heritage. （ C） It copied the western style of address system. （ D） It marked the address by their dates of appearance. 18 The old address system will be totally abandoned （ A） after
14、the TV commercial has been shown on all TV stations. （ B） when all the streets in the cities are clearly named. （ C） in two years time after the new one has been employed. （ D） until Japan also agrees to change its system. 19 The fighting between army groups and rebels in Congo （ A） made the cities
15、in the country become very fragile. （ B） caused many people to flee away from home. （ C） mainly took place in the hilly regions. （ D） was due to army troops offensive acts. 20 The political situation in Congo caused （ A） gender-based violence to go up greatly in the country. （ B） the nation to becom
16、e the rape capital in the world. （ C） many unreported criminal cases nationwide. （ D） more violent conflicts in the area of North Kivu. 20 Barack Obama invited a puzzling group of people into the White House: university presidents. What should one make of these strange creatures? Are they chief exec
17、utives or labour leaders? Heads of pre-industrial guilds or champions of one of Americas most successful industries? Defenders of civilisation or merciless rack-renters? Whatever they might be, they are at the heart of a political firestorm. Anger about the cost of college extends from the preppiest
18、 of parents to the grungiest of Occupiers. Mr. Obama is trying to channel the anger, to avoid being sideswiped by it. The White House invitation complained that costs have trebled in the past three decades. Arne Duncan, the secretary of education, has urged universities to address costs with “much g
19、reater urgency“. A sense of urgency is justified: ex-students have debts approaching $1 trillion. But calm reflection is needed too. Americas universities suffer from many maladies besides cost. And rising costs are often symptoms of much deeper problems: problems that were irritating during the yea
20、rs of affluence but which are cancerous in an age of austerity. The first problem is the inability to say “no“. For decades American universities have been offering more of everythingmore courses for undergraduates, more research students for professors and more rock walls for everybodyon the merry
21、assumption that there would always be more money to pay for it all. The second is Ivy League envy. The vast majority of American universities are obsessed by rising up the academic hierarchy, becoming a bit less like Yokel-U and a bit more like Yale. Ivy League envy leads to an obsession with resear
22、ch. This can be a problem even in the best universities: students feel short-changed by professors fixated on crawling along the frontiers of knowledge with a magnifying glass. At lower-level universities it causes dysfunction. American professors of literature crank out 70,000 scholarly publication
23、s a year, compared with 13,757 in 1959. Most of these simply moulder: Mark Bauerlein of Emory University points out that, of the 16 research papers produced in 2004 by the University of Vermonts literature department, a fairly representative institution, 11 have since received between zero and two c
24、itations. The time wasted writing articles that will never be read cannot be spent teaching. In “Academically Adrift“ Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa argue that over a third of Americas students show no improvement in critical thinking or analytical reasoning after four years in college. Popular anger
25、 about universities costs is rising just as technology is shaking colleges to their foundations. The Internet is changing the rules. Star academics can lecture to millions online rather than the chosen few in person. Testing and marking can be automated. And for-profit companies such as the Universi
26、ty of Phoenix are stripping out costs by concentrating on a handful of popular courses as well as making full use of the Internet. The Sloan Foundation reports that online enrolments grew by 10% in 2010, against 2% for the sector as a whole. Many universities first instinct will be to batten down th
27、e hatches and wait for this storm to pass. But the storm is not going to pass. The higher-education industry faces a stark choice: either adapt to a rapidly changing world or face a future of cheeseparing. It is surely better to rethink the career structure of your employees than to see it wither(th
28、e proportion of professors at four-year universities who are on track to win tenure fell from 50% in 1997 to 39% ten years later). And it is surely better to reform yourself than to have hostile politicians take you into receivership. A growing number of universities are beginning to recognise this.
29、 They understand that the beginning of wisdom in academia, as in business in general, is choosing what not to do. They are in recovery from their Ivy League envy. They are also striking up relations with private-sector organisations. And a growing number of foundations, such as the Kauffman Foundati
30、on, are doing their best to spread the gospel of reform and renewal. 21 As to anger about the cost of college, Mr.Obamas attitude is most likely to be （ A） apparent. （ B） prudent. （ C） equivocal. （ D） aggressive. 22 What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? （ A） It continues to analyze the p
31、roblems. （ B） It confirms the seriousness of the problem. （ C） It introduces the background of American universities. （ D） It shows challenges universities are confronted with. 23 The italicized part “students feel short-changed by professors“(Para. 5)probably means （ A） students worry about what pr
32、ofessors do research on. （ B） students feel its not worth the price theyve paid for study. （ C） students are obsessed with too much research. （ D） students suffer from different mental problems. 24 All the following are mentioned in the passage to deal with problems of college EXCEPT （ A） active ref
33、orm. （ B） sensible choices. （ C） structural adjustments. （ D） cost reduction. 25 The best title for the passage is （ A） Mr.Obamas Dilemma. （ B） Universities Rising Cost. （ C） Universities Challenges. （ D） Anger about College. 25 Bill Gates, then still Microsofts boss, was nearly right in 2004 when h
34、e predicted the end of spam in two years. Thanks to clever filters unsolicited e-mail has largely disappeared as a daily nuisance for most on the Internet. But spam is still a menace: blocked at the e-mail inbox, spammers post messages as comments on websites and increasingly on social networks like
35、 Twitter and Facebook. The criminal businesses behind spam are competitive and creative. They vault over technical fixes as fast as the hurdles are erected. The anti-spam industry has done laudable work in saving e-mail. But it is always one step behind. When filters blocked missives with tell-tale
36、words such as “Rolex“ or “Viagra“, spammers misspelled them. When filters blocked mail from suspect network addresses, the spammers used botnets(networks of hijacked computers)instead. In the end, the software industrys interest is in making money from the problem(by selling subscriptions to regular
37、 security updates)rather than tackling it at its source. Law-enforcement agencies have had some success shutting down spam-control servers in America and the Netherlands. Even Russia, where much of the worlds spam is spawned, has shown signs of co-operation. But as one place becomes unfriendly, spam
38、mers move somewhere else. Internet connections in poor and ill-run countries are improving faster than the authorities there can police them. That wont end soon. In any case, the real problem is not the message, but the link. Sometimes an unwise click leads only to a website that sells counterfeit p
39、ills. But it can also lead to a page that infects your computer with a virus or another piece of malicious software that then steals your passwords or uses your machine for other nefarious purposes. Spam was never about e-mail: it was about convincing us to click. To the spammer, it is moot whether
40、the link is e-mailed, tweeted or liked. The police are doing what they can, and software companies keep on tightening security. But spam is not just a hack or a crime, it is a social problem, too. If you look beyond the computers that lie between a spammer and his mark, you can see all the classic t
41、echniques of a con-man: buy this stock, before everyone else does. Buy these pills, this watch, cheaper than anyone else can. The spammer plays upon the universal human desire to believe that we are smarter than anyone gives us credit for, and that things can be had for nothing. As in other walks of
42、 life, people become wiser and take precautions only when they have learned what happens when they dont. That is why the spammers new arenasocial networksis so effective. People follow Twitter feeds from people they would like to know and make “friends“ on Facebook whom they do not know at all. Hija
43、ck one such account, and you can exploit a whole network of trusting and trusted contacts. A few fiddles might help, such as tougher default privacy settings on social networks. But the real problem is man, not the machine. Public behaviour still treats the Internet like a village, in which new face
44、s are welcome and anti-social behaviour a rarity. A better analogy would be a railway station in a big city, where hustlers gather to prey on the credulity of new arrivals. Wise behaviour in such places is to walk fast, avoid eye contact and be brusque with strangers. Try that online. 26 “They vault
45、 over technical fixes as fast as the hurdles are erected“(Para. 1)probably means that hackers （ A） are constantly trying to overcome technical problems. （ B） immediately find a way to break into others computers. （ C） get excited to fix technical problems they have faced. （ D） tend to install techni
46、cal barriers in others computers. 27 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Spammers are able to counteract filters. （ B） The software industry benefits from spammers. （ C） The anti-spam industry lags behind spammers. （ D） Spammers prefer to send e-mails in Russia. 28 We know from the
47、passage that when we receive e-mails, we should （ A） recognize the counterfeit websites. （ B） watch out for malicious software. （ C） be cautious of clicking the link attached. （ D） take particularly care of social networks. 29 Which of the following contains a metaphor? （ A） .treats the Internet lik
48、e a village. （ B） .the classic techniques of a con-man. （ C） .prey on the credulity of new arrivals. （ D） .be brusque with strangers. 30 The author wants to tell us that （ A） alertness can best counter spam and criminals sending it. （ B） technology can solve the problem of spam to a certain degree.
49、（ C） Internet users should have confidence in dealing with spam. （ D） spam will in the end disappear from the Internet. 30 It had occurred to her early that in her positionthat of a young person spending, in framed and wired confinement, the life of a guinea-pig or a magpie she should know a great many persons without their recognising the acquaintance. That made it an emotion the more lively though singularly rare and always, even then
