1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 815及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Are We Ready to Open? Email has the potential as a cost-efficient and effective marketing stream. To use
3、it and use it right, 【 B1】 _ is essential to your email 【 B1】 _ campaigns. Here are the general 【 B2】 _ to be kept in mind. 【 B2】 _ Where to Begin Email campaigns are very efficient because recipients usually give 【 B3】 _ within 2 or 3 days. They can be used for many purposes 【 B3】 _ such as increas
4、ing sales, building branding awareness, etc. So email is considered one of the most powerful 【 B4】 _ tools. 【 B4】 _ Determine the Goals of Your Campaign Decide just how much you want in your campaign. This goal must be solid and 【 B5】 _ . Such goals will make it easier for you 【 B5】 _ to see if the
5、campaign is successful. Whether the goals, in some cases, is surpassed or the other way round, they 【 B6】 _ new goals 【 B6】 _ for the future. They may also tell you something about how to do better next. Determine Your 【 B7】 _ Market 【 B7】 _ Who exactly are you trying to reach? This can be one of th
6、e most important aspects of your campaign. Determine Your Call(s) to Action You should decide 【 B8】 _ what you want your email 【 B8】 _ recipients to do, such as buying a product, or visiting certain webpage. This will help you judge your success. Develop Your Privacy Policy Inform briefly your priva
7、cy policy and provide a way so that the recipients can decide if they want future mailings. Thus, you are becoming a 【 B9】 _ email marketer. 【 B9】 _ Should You Start (Re)Considering Your Marketing Channels? Email is a 【 B10】 _ marketing channel and it is easy to be 【 B10】 _ included in your marketin
8、g plan. I am sure it will fulfill your business goals. 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 ar
9、e based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Working out is beneficial to human in all the following ways EXCEPT （ A） it does good to your body. （ B） it can improve your intelligence.
10、 （ C） it can enlarge your circle of acquaintance. （ D） it can fight diseases. 12 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Exercise could reduce the risk of getting Alzheimer. （ B） Exercise could improve cognitive function. （ C） Interconnection of nerve cells primarily benefits memory fun
11、ction. （ D） The brain functions better with interconnection of nerve cells. 13 According to the woman, in which way does exercise help people in their 40s and 50s? （ A） It can reduce the risk of getting Alzheimer. （ B） It can reduce the risk of getting cognitive impairment. （ C） It can reduce the ri
12、sk of getting cancer. （ D） It can make them spiritually healthy. 14 The California Teacher Study found the greatest reduction in breast cancer of about_percent among the women that were exercising the most. （ A） 26 （ B） 40 （ C） 31 （ D） 14 15 The first thing for a woman who gets a diagnosis of breast
13、 cancer to do is （ A） to start exercising. （ B） to go the doctor. （ C） to get a good medical team. （ D） to keep a healthy mood. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news
14、 item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the DNA analysis, most Neanderthals in Western Europe died out as early as （ A） thousands of years ago. （ B） 10,000 years ago. （ C） 15,000 years ago. （ D） 50,000 years ago. 17 According to President Omar al-Bashir, if Sudan
15、 splits, （ A） the Sudanese constitution would be changed. （ B） there will be two kinds of laws. （ C） southerners living in the north will remain safe. （ D） cultural diversity will be considered in the law. 18 It can be inferred that President Omar al-Bashir is （ A） on the side of the south. （ B） on
16、the side of the north. （ C） neutral. （ D） uncertain. 19 Which film won the best picture at the 84th Oscar awards? （ A） The Artist. （ B） The Iron Lady. （ C） Beginners. （ D） The Help. 20 Meryl Streep won her third Oscar by the role of （ A） an elderly widower. （ B） former British Prime Minister. （ C） a
17、n African American maid. （ D） a struggling silent-era movie star. 20 Globalisation is the more or less simultaneous marketing and sale of identical goods and services around the world. So widespread has the phenomenon become over the past two decades that no one is surprised any more to find Coca-Co
18、la in rural Vietnam, Accenture in Tashkent and Nike shoes in Nigeria. The statistic that perhaps best reflects the growth of globalization is the value of cross-border world trade expressed as a percentage of total global GDP: it was around 15% in 1990, is some 20% today and is expected by McKinsey
19、easy internet access and cheap international telecommunications, the most obvious manifestation of which is call centres in India that are servicing customers and corporations in Europe and the United States; the rapid growth of large developing countries such as China, India and Brazil, and their g
20、rowing demand not only for western consumer goods and technologies but also for goods and services from other developing countries. Trade between China and Africa, for instance, rose from $3 billion in 1995 to over $32 billion in 2005. Companies have approached globalization in two distinct ways. On
21、 the one hand are those such as Gillette and Heineken that have made little concession to local tastes and manufacture their goods in a few centralized production facilities that follow strictly uniform standards. “The product must be the same everywhere,“ wrote a Heineken chairman recently. “To ens
22、ure quality, every 14 days our breweries send samples to professional tasters in the Netherlands.“ On the other hand are companies that tailor their products or services for each local market. Among them are Japanese carmakers such as Toyota, which now has plants in several countries producing for l
23、ocal markets, and Coca-Cola, which never tastes quite the same from one country to the next. A former chief executive of Coca-Cola admitted that the company had once upon a time changed its globalization strategy. “We used to be an American company with a large international business,“ he said. “Now
24、 were a large international company with a sizeable American business.“ 21 Accenture is mentioned in the opening paragraph （ A） to illustrate the world market has been globalized. （ B） to show the worldwide prestige of Accenture. （ C） to compare the globalization of Vitenam, Tashkent and Nigeria. （
25、D） to exemplify the backwardness of Tashkent. 22 Which of the following can best reflect the trend of globalization? （ A） The value of cross-border world trade. （ B） The globalized markets for standardized products. （ C） The ratio of the value of cross-border world trade to that of global GDP. （ D）
26、The sales volume of identical goods and services around the world. 23 According to SustainAbility, what is the reason for the appearance of so many different definitions for globalization? （ A） Theres no authoritative definition for globalization. （ B） Others definitions are more convincing than pro
27、fessor Levitts. （ C） Different people have different ideas on globalization. （ D） Things are different after two decades time. 24 What is mentioned as a reason why the world market is being globalized? （ A） The developing countries can get goods and services from western countries only. （ B） Some we
28、stern multinationals are eager to reap profits from other countries. （ C） The developed countries depend more on resources of the developing countries. （ D） The world is becoming more connected through internet and telecommunications. 25 Which of the following is true of Coca-Colas approach in globa
29、lization? （ A） It produces goods by uniform standards. （ B） It caters to the taste of local markets. （ C） It loses business to keep the quality standards. （ D） It changes its taste in order to reduce cost. 25 Towards the end of Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman laments that he and his late co
30、llaborator, Amos Tversky, are often credited with showing that humans make “irrational“ choices. That term is too strong, he says, to describe the variety of mental mishaps to which people systematically fall prey. Readers of his book may disagree. Mr. Kahneman, an Israeli-American psychologist and
31、Nobel economics laureate, has delivered a full catalogue of the biases, shortcuts and cognitive illusions to which our species regularly succumbs. In doing so he makes it plain that Homo economicus the rational model of human behaviour beloved of economists is as fantastical as a unicorn. In one exp
32、eriment described by Mr. Kahneman, participants asked to imagine that they have been given 50 behave differently depending on whether they are then told they can “keep“ 20 or must “lose“ 30 though the outcomes are identical. He also shows that it is more threatening to say that a disease kills “1,28
33、6 in every 10,000 people“, than to say it kills “24.14% of the population“, even though the second mention is twice as deadly. Vivid language often overrides basic arithmetic. Some findings are downright peculiar. Experimental subjects who have been “primed“ to think of money, perhaps by seeing a pi
34、cture of dollar bills, will act more selfishly. So if someone nearby drops some pencils, these subjects will pick up fewer than their non-primed counterparts. Even obliquely suggesting the concept of old age will inspire people to walk more slowly though feeling elderly never crossed their mind, the
35、y will later report. After all this the human brain looks less like a model of rationality and more like a giddy teenager: flighty, easily distracted and lacking in self-awareness. Yet this book is not a counsel of despair. Its awkward title refers to Mr. Kahnemans two-tier model of cognition: “Syst
36、em 1“ is quick, intuitive and responsible for the quirks and mistakes described above (and many others). “System 2“, by contrast, i$ slow, deliberative and less prone to error. System 2 kicks in when we are faced with particularly complex problems, but much of the time it is all too happy to let the
37、 impulsive System 1 get its way. What, then, is System 1 good for? Rather a lot, it turns out. In a world that often demands swift judgment and rapid decision-making (fight or flight?), a creature who solely relied on deliberative thinking wouldnt last long. Moreover, System 1 generally works well.
38、As Mr. Kahneman says, “most of our judgments and actions are appropriate most of the time“. He urges readers to counteract what he considers to be mistakes of System 1 thinking, such as the “loss aversion“ that deters people from accepting favourable gambles (such as a 50-50 chance to win $200 or lo
39、se $100). He also recommends checking the performance of an investment portfolio no more than once a quarter, to limit needless anguish over short-term fluctuations and the “useless churning“ of shares. Mr. Kahneman does not dwell on the possible evolutionary origins of our cognitive biases, nor doe
40、s he devote much time to considering why some people seem naturally better at avoiding error than others. Still this book, his first for a non-specialist audience, is a profound one. As Copernicus removed the Earth from the centre of the universe and Darwin knocked humans off their biological perch,
41、 Mr. Kahneman has shown that we are not the paragons of reason we assume ourselves to be. Often hailed as the father of behavioural economics (with Tversky as co-parent), his work has influenced a range of disciplines and has even inspired some policy. But the true consequences of his findings are o
42、nly starting to emerge. When he presents the poor victims of his experiments with conclusive proof of their errors, the typical reaction is not a chastened pledge to shape up, but confused silence, followed by business as usual. No one likes to be told he is wrong. 26 It is stated in the first parag
43、raph that Daniel Kahneman （ A） often makes irrational choices out of biases, shortcuts and illusions. （ B） laments the death of his collaborator. （ C） is very critical of the irrational mistakes people make. （ D） believes perfectly rational human beings are non-existent. 27 The experiment where peop
44、le behave differently when the things are told differently but to the same effect demonstrates that （ A） anguage is so important as to affect peoples behavior. （ B） people may take actions before they think twice. （ C） people tend to be more selfish when it comes to money. （ D） understanding languag
45、e is more interesting than doing math. 28 Which of the following mistakes is System 1 responsible for, according to Kahneman? （ A） A thought-through decision made at the cost of life. （ B） Strong desire to gamble in a 50-50 chance. （ C） Anxiety over investment on a short-term basis. （ D） Fear to mak
46、e decisions in urgent situations. 29 What is the book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, mainly about? （ A） Why people are not that rational as imagined. （ B） How peoples thinking pattern develops. （ C） Why some people are better decision-makers than others. （ D） How people develop cognitive biases. 30 What
47、does Kahneman, the author of the book, share in common with Copernicus and Darwin? （ A） They try to overrule a deep-rooted concept. （ B） They undergo research to come to conclusion. （ C） They prove natural and social sciences are related. （ D） They explain complex theories in a simple way. 30 In Bri
48、tain, those who live to be 100 years old receive a birthday card from the queen. In the future, centenarians everywhere may also receive a call from a geneticist. If they do, he or she will be seeking a sample of DNA that might, eventually, help to reveal the genetic components of extreme longevity.
49、 The more immediate use, however, will be in a competition. For on October 26th the X Prize Foundation, based in Playa Vista, California, unveiled its latest carrot to the worlds scientists. The foundation has already put up prizes in areas as diverse as cleaning up oil spills and landing a robot on the moon. The idea of a genomics X prize is not new. It has been around since 2006. But the latest announcement, in the pages of Nature Genetics, has
