1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 817及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 End the University as We Know It 1. Problems confronting American universities A. impractical graduate 【
3、B1】 _ 【 B1】 _ B. isolated departments/ overspecialized sciences C. encouraged phenomenon of 【 B2】 _ 【 B2】 _ II. Root for the problems the 【 B3】 _ of universities 【 B3】 _ A. origin The Conflict of the Faculties (1798) by Kant B. model mass production/ a 【 B4】 _ 【 B4】 _ C. concept learn all sciences b
4、y mass production, so each branch has its trustee III. Steps to improve American higher education are A. restructuring curriculum 1. method to replace separate 【 B5】 _ with complex adaptive web- 【 B5】 _ like curriculum 2. purpose to make teaching and scholarship cross-disciplinary to engage more sci
5、ences in comparative analysis of common problems B. 【 B6】 _ programs 【 B6】 _ 1. reason programs evolve with society, some may be out of date. 2. purpose to avoid sunset clauses to address practical problems to develop new theoretical insights and practical solutions C. increasing 【 B7】 _ among insti
6、tutions 【 B7】 _ 1. purpose to reduce workload of institutions to share students and faculty 2. means teleconference, Internet, etc. D. transforming the traditional 【 B8】 _ 【 B8】 _ 1. reason less market for traditional ones 2. advice using novel formats like films or video games E. expanding professi
7、onal options for graduate students purpose: to prepare students for future work to improve students 【 B9】 _ to the changing world 【 B9】 _ F. imposing mandatory retirement and abolishing tenure purpose: to encourage faculties to continue to evolve to 【 B10】 _ young people 【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【
8、 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10
9、seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 For Mrs. Saxby, the resume is all-important, because it （ A） covers all the relevant personal information. （ B） includes information about education. （ C） explains why a person quitted his/her last job. （ D） indi
10、cates whether a person takes the application seriously. 12 At the interview, Mrs. Saxby looks for in a candidate all of the following EXCEPT? （ A） passion and vigor. （ B） readiness to discuss things. （ C） good first impression. （ D） good appearance, clean and tidy. 13 According to Mrs. Saxby, new em
11、ployees （ A） are trained to possess the ability of multi-tasking. （ B） have to look after customers who are on the “floor“. （ C） take an examination during the 8-week training program. （ D） are trained to fill in varied positions. 14 All the following qualities are held in high regard at the Odeon E
12、XCEPT （ A） Customer-centeredness. （ B） Capability of working independently. （ C） Good manners. （ D） Faithfulness to the company. 15 According to the interview, which of the following problems arises most often at the Odeon? （ A） Employees are dishonest. （ B） Employees are impolite to customers. （ C）
13、 Young employees are late and absent. （ D） Employees dont obey the disciplinary procedure SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to
14、 answer the questions. 16 The results of the new free trade between the U.S. and South Korea are all the following EXCEPT that （ A） it will create at least 70,000 jobs for America. （ B） it will ensure security on the peninsula. （ C） it will boost exports of American goods $1 lbn every year. （ D） it
15、will help double US exports in the next five years. 17 What lead to the shutdown of several Spanish airports? （ A） The air traffic controllers sickness. （ B） Unfavorable weather conditions. （ C） The dispute over air traffic controllers hours and conditions. （ D） The irresponsibility of the airline c
16、ompany. 18 What is the reaction of the government? （ A） It has heavily condemned the air traffic controllers. （ B） It might allow the military to take control of the airspace. （ C） It will encourage people not to go out. （ D） Not mentioned. 19 Why is the film-maker sentenced to six years in jail? （
17、A） Because he makes blue films which are banned in Iran. （ B） Because his films reflect the negative side of Iranian society. （ C） Because he is publicly antisocial. （ D） Hes sentenced wrongly. 20 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Jafar Panahi? （ A） This is the second time for his
18、 arrestment. （ B） He is an internationally well-known film-maker. （ C） He is banned from making films any more. （ D） He cannot leave Iran for the next 20 years. 20 Parents and grandparents with money to spare are no longer waiting until death to pass on their wealth. Instead, theyre increasingly han
19、ding it over to their adult kids while theyre still around to see how its spent and, in some cases, lend a hand. Some 8.1 percent of American families have net worth in excess of $1 million, according to the Federal Reserve, and almost 2 percent have assets of over $2 million, the amount that is cur
20、rently excluded from federal estate tax. (In 2009, the excluded amount rises to $3.5 million. There will be no federal estate tax in 2010, after which the excluded amount will return to $1 million, unless Congress acts.) Financial advisers say that in addition to the tax benefits that come from grad
21、ually transferring that wealth by reducing the estate to stay under the tax-exempt amount at death, well-to-do individuals and even those with estates far under the million-dollar mark are eager to share the money while they are still alive to see its effects. “It allows senior generations to see ho
22、w kids and grandkids are using those funds and to get enjoyment out of knowing how the money is spent,“ says Mary Ann Sisco, national wealth adviser for JP Morgans Private Client Services. Lisa Tichenor of Dallas advises a foundation created by her son Taylor in honor of her late son, Willie, who di
23、ed of bone cancer when he was 19. The money, which originally came from a family business, was given to her sons when they were young. Sharing that money now, instead of waiting to pass it on at death, allows her to spend time with Taylor and work on charitable projects with him, she says. “There is
24、 a lot of joy in working together for someone elses good when you have everything you need,“ she says. Sally Hurme, an attorney with AARPs consumer protection unit, helped make her recently married daughters down payment on a house. But she warns that parents first need to make sure they have enough
25、 money to fund their own expenses. “People today are living much longer than they used to live, and they may have very high health costs,“ she says. Giving money away early can serve to teach adult children how to handle wealth, says Jeremy White, a certified public accountant and coauthor of Splitt
26、ing Heirs: Giving Money and Things to Your Children Without Ruining Their Lives. “You may be able to give an inheritance sampler,“ he says, “and see how the adult child handles that. Youre around while youre living to give them guidance if asked.“ Seniors interested in funding education for young gr
27、andchildren can put money into a 529 college savings plan, which is shielded from taxes on earnings. While the money still counts as a gift for tax purposes, says Rande Spiegelman, vice president of financial planning for the Schwab Center for Financial Research, it has the benefit of letting donors
28、 control how its used or even change the beneficiary. Parents and grandparents interested in retaining control over how their money is spent can also add conditions to trust agreements. “You never know what life will hold for those beneficiaries, but a lot of clients like to try to impart some of th
29、eir wishes,“ says Marianne Kayan, am estate-planning attorney in Bethesda, Md. She says they try to promote “good behavior“ by specifying that the trust distributions should go toward education or that they wont go to adults who are not working, although the wording often leaves some leeway to allow
30、 for full-time parents, for example. A recent Bank of America survey of wealthy individuals found that just over 70 percent discuss philanthropy with their children and about 20 percent give their children money to donate. “ Clients find that philanthropy is the glue that holds the family together.
31、Its a way to share family stories and values,“ says Eileen Wilhem, managing director of Bank of Americas philanthropic management. From the charity recipients to the adult children who help make the gifts and the parents who are still around to see how their money is disbursed, its an arrangement wi
32、th multiple beneficiaries. 21 We can learn from the first paragraph that parents and grandparents （ A） used to give away their assets at death. （ B） no longer pass on their wealth to their offspring. （ C） dont care how their money is spent at all. （ D） would not give their offspring financial help.
33、22 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that （ A） two percent of the families in the U.S. must pay estate tax. （ B） there is no need for one to pay asset tax if he owns more than $3.5 million in 2009. （ C） one has to pay asset tax no matter how much money he owns in 2010. （ D） one probably has to pay
34、 asset tax if he owns more than $ 1 million in 2011. 23 The examples of Lisa Tichenor and Sally Hurme seem to tell us that （ A） people should accumulate wealth while young and distribute them when they are old. （ B） parents and grandparents should help their children or grandchildren as much as poss
35、ible. （ C） people should pass on their wealth to their children early but keep a necessary amount. （ D） old people should keep their money to themselves because the medical expenses are high 24 What can we learn from the last but one paragraph? （ A） The reason why seniors put money into schools is t
36、o evade taxes on earnings. （ B） Giving away ones money can ensure his descendants a better education. （ C） Donors have no right to change the beneficiary once designated in the college savings plan. （ D） Seniors can add some of their wishes to trust agreements to ensure their money is well spent. 25
37、 Which of the following is NOT true about philanthropy according to the last paragraph? （ A） It is embraced by the majority of wealthy parents and grandparents. （ B） It means donating money to charities. （ C） It is “glue“ when family members come together around shared values. （ D） It is beneficial
38、to both givers and receivers. 25 Are your Facebook friends more interesting than those you have in real life? Has high-speed Internet made you impatient with slow-speed children? Do you sometimes think about reaching for the fast-forward button, only to realize that life does not come with a remote
39、control? If you answered yes to any of those questions, exposure to technology may be slowly reshaping your personality. Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become more impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic. “More
40、 and more, life is resembling the chat room,“ says Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, director of the Impulse Control Disorders Clinic at Stanford. “Were paying a price in terms of our cognitive life because of this virtual lifestyle.“ We do spend a lot of time with our devices, and some studies have suggested t
41、hat excessive dependence on cellphones and the Internet is akin to an addiction. Web sites like NetA offer self-assessment tests to determine if technology has become a drug. Among the questions used to identify those at risk: Do you neglect housework to spend more time online? Are you frequently ch
42、ecking your e-mail? Do you often lose sleep because you log in late at night? If you answered “often“ or “always,“ technology may be taking a toll on you. In a study to be published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, researchers from the University of Melbourne in Austra
43、lia subjected 173 college students to tests measuring risk for problematic Internet and gambling behaviors. About 5 percent of the students showed signs of gambling problems, but 10 percent of the students posted scores high enough to put them in the at-risk category for Internet “addiction.“ Techno
44、logy use was clearly interfering with the students daily lives, but it may be going too far to call it an addiction, says Nicki Dowling, a clinical psychologist who led the study. Ms. Dowling prefers to call it “Internet dependence.“ Typically, the concern about our dependence on technology is that
45、it detracts from our time with family and friends in the real world. But psychologists have become intrigued by a more subtle and insidious effect of our online interactions. It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone and the anonymity of the chat room change the core
46、 of who we are, issues that Dr. Aboujaoude explores in a book, “Virtually You: The Internet and the Fracturing of the Self,“ to be leleased next year. Dr. Aboujaoude also asks whether the vast storage available in e-mail and on the Internet is preventing many of us from letting go, causing us to ret
47、ain many old and unnecessary memories at the expense of making new ones. Everything is saved these days, he notes, from the meaningless e-mail sent after a work lunch to the angry online exchange with a spouse. “If you cant forget because all this stuff is staring at you, what does that do to your a
48、bility to lay down new memories and remember things that you should be remembering?“ Dr. Aboujaoude said. “When you have 500 pictures from your vacation in your Flickr account, as opposed to five pictures that are really meaningful, does that change your ability to recall the moments that you really
49、 want to recall?“ There is also no easy way to conquer a dependence on technology. Nicholas Carr, author of the new book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, says that social and family responsibilities, work and other pressures influence our use of technology. “The deeper a technology is woven into the patterns of everyday life, the less choice we have about whether and how we u
