1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 821及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Practice Esperanto? There are at least 1,000,000 Esperanto speakers worldwide from over 100 countr
3、ies and they come from all walks of life. I. A brief introduction to Esperanto features: easy, vibrant, expressive and【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ learning reasons: the idealism of its creator for: peace and equality against:【 B2】 _and prejudices【 B2】 _ II. Four ways of practicing Esperanto A. international event
4、s the World Esperanto【 B3】 _:the largest one【 B3】 _ Esperanto associations:smaller congresses the International Youth Congress of Esperanto: for the young programs:【 B4】 _. local cultural acts and so on【 B4】 _ smaller cvents:e. g. camping or hiking B.【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ travelling around on a budget visi
5、ting Esperantists stay over in the homes of hosts listed in【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ hitch-hike C.【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ the best way: online chat the biggest【 B8】 _for learning Esperanto: Lernu!【 B8】 _ free courses live chat and private messaging D. Esperanto culture books:【 B9】 _of great works【 B9】 _ original works
6、music films and【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview
7、. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why do gas prices not go down as economists predicted? （ A） Because of natural disasters. （ B） Because of a series of emergencies. （ C） Because of financial cris
8、is. （ D） Because of import shortage. 12 According to the interview, in which place are gas prices above the national average? （ A） Arizona. （ B） Colorado. （ C） New York. （ D） Louisiana. 13 According to the interview, how much did service fees rise to last year? （ A） $20. （ B） $12.08. （ C） $11.18. （
9、D） $0.9. 14 Which of the following suggestions of avoiding minimum requirements is NOT mentioned? （ A） Choosing big corporations and entities. （ B） Signing up for direct deposit on time. （ C） Choosing some local credit unions. （ D） Choosing smaller, independent banks. 15 Which of the following state
10、ments about food prices is CORRECT? （ A） The price of vegetable is going down in summer. （ B） All food prices are listed on the USDA website. （ C） Bread prices are marked down every day. （ D） Grains prices are going up because of the drought. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you
11、will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the FTC study, when gas prices go down, （ A） buyers are at a loss no matter which station to go. （ B） retail
12、ers usually make less profit than usual. （ C） economists will conduct studies on prices for FTC. （ D） convenience stores will probably serve more customers. 17 How many people have died of the disease? （ A） 2. （ B） 9. （ C） 14. （ D） 16. 18 The health officials urged the public to （ A） report all the
13、possible cases. （ B） avoid any contact in public places. （ C） wear special suits and masks. （ D） change bedding and clothing every day. 19 Bahraini opposition activists say a teenage boy （ A） was severely wounded by a tear gas canister. （ B） could be killed by the security forces. （ C） was beaten to
14、 death by the protestors. （ D） was shot by a gun fired at close range. 20 Bahraini opposition activists have been protesting for （ A） peace and security in the nation. （ B） economic reforms in the island state. （ C） more say in the national affairs. （ D） democratic election of the rulers. 20 The pro
15、cess of transforming all direct experience into imaginary or into that supreme mode of symbolic expression, language, has so completely taken possession of the human mind that it is not only a special talent but a dominant, organic need. All our sense impressions leave their traces in our memory not
16、 only as signs disposing our practical reaction in the future but also as symbols, images representing our idea of things: and the tendency to manipulate ideas, to combine and abstract, mix and extend them by playing with symbols, is mans outstanding characteristic. It seems to be what his brain mos
17、t naturally and spontaneously does. Therefore his primitive mental function is not judging reality, but dreaming his desires. Dreaming is apparently a basic function of human brains, for it is free and unexhausting like our metabolism, heartbeat, and breath. It is easier to dream than not to dream,
18、as it is easier to breathe than to refrain from breathing .The symbolic character of dreams is fairly well established. Symbol mongering, on this ineffectual, uncritical level, seems to be instinctive, the fulfillment of an elementary need rather than the purposeful exercise of a high and difficult
19、talent. The special power of mans mind rests on the evolution of this special activity, not on any transcendently high development of animal intelligence. We are not immeasurably higher than other animals: we are different. We have a biological need and with it a biological gift that they do not sha
20、re. Because man has not only the ability but the constant need of conceiving what has happened to him, what surrounds him, what is demanded of him in short, of symbolizing nature, himself, and his hopes and fears he has a constant and crying need of expression. What he cannot express, he cannot conc
21、eive: what he cannot conceive is chaos, and fills him with terror. If we bear in mind this all-important craving for expression we get a new picture of mans behavior: for from this trait spring his powers and his weaknesses. The process of symbolic transformation that all our experiences undergo is
22、nothing more or less than the process of conception, underlying the human faculties of abstraction and imagination. When we are faced with a strange or difficult situation, we cannot react directly, as other creatures do, with flight, aggression, or any such simple instinctive pattern. Our whole rea
23、ction depends on how we manage to conceive the situation whether we cast it in a definite dramatic form, whether we see it as a disaster, a fulfillment of doom, or a fiat of the Devine Will. In words or dreamlike images, in artistic or religious or even in cynical form, we must construe the events o
24、f life. There is great virtue in the figure of speech. “I can make nothing of it,“ to express a failure to understand something. Thought and memory are processes of making the thought content and memory image: the pattern of our ideas is given by the symbols through which we express them. And in the
25、 course of manipulating those symbols we inevitably distort the original experience, as we abstract certain features of it, embroider and reinforce those features with other ideas, until the conception we project on the screen of memory is quite different from anything in our real history. Conceptio
26、n is a necessary and elementary process: what we do with our conceptions is another story. That is the entire history of human culture of intelligence and morality, folly and superstition, ritual, language, and the arts all the phenomena that set man apart from, and above, the rest of animal kingdom
27、. As the religious mind has to make all human history a drama of sins and salvation in order to define its own moral attitudes, so a scientist wrestles with the mere presentation of “the facts“ before he can reason about them. The process of envisaging facts, values, hopes, and fears underlies our w
28、hole behavior pattern: and this process is reflected in the evolution of an extraordinary phenomenon found always, and only, in human societies the phenomenon of language. 21 What do we know about human mind according to Paragraph One? （ A） The human mind is busy transforming our direct experience i
29、nto language. （ B） All our sense impressions can leave their traces directly in our brains. （ C） It is very natural for human brain to mix and combine symbols and images. （ D） The major mental function of the human brain is to make judgments. 22 The italicized sentence in Paragraph Two is an example
30、 of （ A） irony. （ B） metaphor. （ C） analogy. （ D） euphemism. 23 The “biological need“ mentioned in Paragraph Three refers to （ A） the organic need for food and nutrition. （ B） the elementary need for self-fulfillment. （ C） the instinctive need for processing symbols. （ D） the constant need for expre
31、ssion. 24 Why is the conception projected in our memory different from anything in our real life? （ A） Because the situations we are faced in our real life are strange and difficult. （ B） Because the conceptions are expressed in different forms for the same thing. （ C） Because the human brains will
32、fail to understand something in difficult situations. （ D） Because the original experience is distorted in the process of symbolic transformation. 25 What can serve as the title of this passage? （ A） Images and Human Brain. （ B） Language and Human Brain. （ C） Dreams and Human Brain. （ D） Conceptions
33、 and Human Brain. 25 Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created strife and confusion between friends, colleagues and romantic partners. Sarcasm, after all, is best conveyed using tone of voice, a wink or a nudge. Now, as more people are sharing their opinions with c
34、asual acquaintances and strangers on social-media sites like Twitter and Facebook rather than in private text messages to people who know their senses of humor the sarcasm disconnect is even greater. “My work e-mail is down. Im devastated,“ or, “because that was so much fun the last time we did it,“
35、 could mean completely different things to different readers. The confusion has driven some people to create special symbols and characters to clearly mark their snark. And woe is the data miner who has the challenge of determining what is sarcasm and what isnt. Defined as stating the opposite of wh
36、at is truly meant, sarcasm is proving to be an obstacle for the academics and marketers who create computer programs to analyze massive pools of online chatters to gauge public opinions about products and politicians. Sarcasm “is one of the toughest problems in computing,“ says Shrikanth Narayanan,
37、a professor of computer science, linguistics and psychology at the University of Southern California. Computer programming follows strict rules, while natural language, particularly the inside-joke culture of the Web, doesnt. That is the hurdle faced by USCs Annenberg Innovation Lab, an interdiscipl
38、inary center that brings together social and computer scientists. The labs “Twitter Sentiment Analysis“ project unites linguists, sociologists and computer scientists to try to build a modern-day lexicon for computers to read and interpret huge chunks of data provided by the millions of people who s
39、hare their opinions online. The scientists at the lab have been using the political season to try to teach a computer to better understand the true sentiment behind tweets. “If we can crack through political sarcasm, everything else will be easier,“ says Jonathan Taplin, a onetime film producer, Bob
40、 Dylan tour manager and investment banker who now runs the Annenberg lab, which is sponsored by IBM, DirecTV, Warner Bros, and other companies. All data-mining services or “online sentiment listeners,“ as they are sometimes called rely on a combination of natural-language computer programming and hu
41、man analysts. Sentiment listeners and computers are trained to look for cues and symbols such as exclamation marks or emoticons keyboard characters that, when typed together, convey smiles, winks or other expressions. Looking to punctuation and other symbols to signal earnestness can be misleading,
42、says Kate Paulin, the director of the insights and planning department at digital marketing agency 360i. Ms. Paulin says working for brands such as Coca-Cola has taught her that little can be taken at smileyface value. Teens and tweeters use emoticons sarcastically, she says. And a single exclamatio
43、n mark as opposed to multiple marks may actually convey a lack of enthusiasm, she says. Lovers of sarcasm who like to tweet are taking matters in their own keyboards. Aliza Licht, the senior vice president of global communications for Donna Karan LLC, who was “devastated“ to lose her work e-mail on
44、Tuesday, calls sarcasm “a religion.“ Yet, as the hand that controls all of the fashion labels social outreach and the popular dkny twitter feed she needs to be sure not to ruffle feathers with her humor. So she invented a short, twitter-friendly sign to denote sarcasm “(* S)“ and uses it to let her
45、followers know when her tongue is in cheek, such as with her tweet about losing email. “We cant read tonality in text, and its a problem,“ she says. When his best friend failed to recognize his use of sarcasm in emails about 10 years ago, Doug Sak. an accountant in Washington Township, Mich. , saw a
46、 market: He since has created the “SarcMark,“ an upside-down lowercase E with a dot in the center, helpful for things that might actually not have been “so much fun the last time we did it.“ He says he is approaching phone carriers to try to get them to include the symbol in their fonts. 26 The sarc
47、asm could most probably be used among （ A） friends and co-workers. （ B） linguists and sociologists. （ C） computer scientists. （ D） human analysts. 27 Which of the following best defines sarcasm? （ A） The using of voice, a wink or a nudge. （ B） Stating the opposite of what is truly meant. （ C） Symbol
48、s used for communication online. （ D） One of the toughest problems in computing. 28 The purpose of the “Twitter Sentiment Analysis“ project is to （ A） bring scientists of different areas to work together. （ B） compile a dictionary of chunks for people to use online. （ C） collect and interpret the sa
49、rcastic data from Internet. （ D） teach a computer to understand political views online. 29 _is NOT helpful in understanding sarcasms. （ A） Computer programming （ B） Human analysts （ C） Emoticons （ D） Keyboard characters 30 Which word can best describe Doug Sak? （ A） Creative. （ B） Funny. （ C） Helpful. （ D） Perceptive. 30 I should start by saying as clearly as I can that I love antibiotics. Recently I had dinner with a pediatrician friend, and s
