1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 823及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Strategies for Writing a Literature Review A literature review discusses published information in a parti
3、cular subject area. If we want to write it well, we should take the following strategies. I. Find a focus reason: not simply list the【 B1】 _, but go into detail around ideas【 B1】 _ II. Construct a【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ requirement: a particular perspective about the material III. Consider【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ intr
4、oduction: a topic body: the【 B4】 _of sources【 B4】 _ conclusions: the end of the paper IV. Organizing the body A. a【 B5】 _: materials on sperm whales【 B5】 _ B. three typical methods chronological method: progression of time disadvantage: no continuity among subjects - -by【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ reveal a chang
5、e in dissection practices - -by trend have subsections according to eras C.【 B7】 _ method: focus on a topic【 B7】 _ an important factor: progression of time more authentic thematic reviews: no chronological order D.【 B8】 _method: focus on the methods【 B8】 _ influence of methodological【 B9】 _:【 B9】 _
6、1)the types of the documents 2)the way of discussing documents E. additional sections current situation history 【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ questions for further research 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will h
7、ear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Dr. Getsy, most peop
8、le who complain of trouble in sleeping are those who （ A） have the disease of chronic insomnia. （ B） dont know the importance of sleep. （ C） exercise less and eat more. （ D） always stay awake in bed. 12 Which of the following is NOT a symptom of insomnia? （ A） They cant sleep as much as they try. （
9、B） They have a true sleep disorder. （ C） They cant sleep enough because of the health condition. （ D） They dont have time to sleep. 13 According to Dr. Getsy, the advice for people who have trouble sleeping is to （ A） keep relaxed. （ B） lie in bed for 2 hours. （ C） have a good mood. （ D） make a sche
10、dule and keep it. 14 Which of the following is NOT a tip for getting a good sleep? （ A） Making your bedroom comfortable. （ B） Making sleep a priority. （ C） Not having your computer in your bedroom. （ D） Having caffeine after lunchtime 15 According to Dr. Getsy, you should have a nap （ A） more than 2
11、 hours. （ B） less than 45 minutes. （ C） about 20 minutes. （ D） about 30 minutes. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer t
12、he questions. 16 According to the news item, people can get the following help from the HIV/AIDS camps EXCEPT （ A） having HIV tests. （ B） learning health knowledge. （ C） setting up personal future plans. （ D） preparing for future work. 17 The bomb that exploded outside the police station （ A） killed
13、 only two men. （ B） was a 200-pound one. （ C） exploded in rush hours. （ D） was placed under a car. 18 We can learn from the news item that the taxi driver （ A） was forced to drive to the police station. （ B） informed the police about the explosion. （ C） was badly wounded because of the explosion. （
14、D） tried to get the object out of the car but failed. 19 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） The Reno collision caused six deaths and 20 people injured. （ B） The tractor-trailer driver was responsible for the accident. （ C） Collisions on and around railroad tracks were not rare. （ D
15、） Since the Reno crash, there have been six such collisions in the US. 20 Operation Lifesavers Inc. is an organization that （ A） was first founded by railroad companies. （ B） has designed an online course for drivers. （ C） has helped 15,000 drivers to get their licenses. （ D） collects membership fee
16、s from professional truckers. 20 At Harvard College in September, a controversy erupted over the adoption of a “freshman pledge,“ which for the first time asked incoming students to sign a commitment to act with respect, integrity, and kindness in order to “promote understanding.“ Libertarian commen
17、tator Virginia Postrel, wrote that “treating kindness as the way to civil discourse doesnt show students how to argue with accuracy and respect. “ Harry R. Lewis, a former dean of Harvard College and someone with an excellent perspective on undergraduate education, warned that it impinged on freedom
18、 of thought and that “a student would be breaking the pledge if she woke up one morning and decided it was more important to achieve intellectually than to be kind.“ Has empathy become the new scapegoat in the long-standing concern about academic attainment in American schools? Books like Academical
19、ly Adrift chart the decline in academic rigor on American college campuses, citing the plummeting hours that students spend on studying and critical thinking skills. But theres also been a troubling, and concurrent decrease in empathy over the past thirty years. A study of 14,000 college students pu
20、blished in Personality and Social Psychology Review in 2011 showed that the majority of college students today are less empathetic than their predecessors of prior decades. And other research even shows that education(like medical school!)can actually wring the empathy out of students. Many people a
21、re squeamish about calls to increase empathy in young people because they wrongly assume that the ability to empathize is incompatible with traits like logic, reason, and impartiality. Weve now entered a debate about how nice we should be or, rather, how nice we can afford to be and still stay compe
22、titive as a society, clinging to the pernicious belief that anything beneficial to young people must be painful and that we are in a rat race that is a zero-sum game. In fact, there need be no tradeoff, at Harvard or anywhere else, between intellectual rigor and kindness. This is a false dichotomy,
23、like the belief that a sick person must choose between a competent doctor and a humane one. Indeed, empathetic behavior listening well, for example actually makes a doctor better able to diagnose and treat illness, and studies show that when doctors are empathetic, their patients need less medicatio
24、n to relieve pain and less time to heal wounds. People often equate empathy with gentleness and passivity. But empathy is really just a cognitive walk in another persons shoes. An empathetic person is, fundamentally, a curious and imaginative person. Empathy involves a search for understanding. And
25、we need todays students to understand the world better in order to respond to its seemingly intractable problems. Many educators agree that the intellectual skills required for the 21st century depend on not only a mastery of facts and figures, but also on complex communication, flexibility, collabo
26、ration, adaptability, and innovation. We live in a more open society than ever, with greater mixing of people and ideas. The ability to master a new language, to translate scientific findings into policy, or to weave the concerns of one field into the terms of another(the way a Macintosh computer me
27、lds engineering and design), requires students to step outside of their own life experience and habits of mind. Steve Jobs had empathy for his customers. Of course, we can always find examples of world-class thinkers who are oblivious to peoples feelings. But that doesnt negate the fact that the vas
28、t majority of students will need to assume the perspective of others in order to get ahead in life. We can call this empathy. Or we can call it 21st century learning. Its both. Empathy doesnt always lead to more moral behavior, but it can lead to more intelligent behavior. 21 Virginia Postrels attit
29、ude towards the adoption of a “freshman pledge“ is （ A） favorable. （ B） scrupulous. （ C） incredulous. （ D） impartial. 22 “ .education(like medical school)can actually wring the empathy out of students“(Para. 2)probably means that （ A） college students possess less EQ than their predecessors. （ B） co
30、llege students are trained to be blessed with much empathy. （ C） college students are forced to show empathy for others. （ D） college students need to show more empathy for others. 23 The author believes that （ A） empathy doesnt affect college students performance. （ B） empathy contributes to the de
31、velopment of logic and reason. （ C） a doctor must be a person with great empathy and skills. （ D） a doctors empathy is more effective than medication. 24 According to the passage, an empathetic person can be all the following EXCEPT （ A） smart. （ B） ethical. （ C） creative. （ D） inquisitive. 25 The a
32、uthor wants to argue in the passage （ A） that being kind and being smart are not mutually exclusive. （ B） whether Harvards “freshman pledge“ should be adopted or not. （ C） that empathy has become the new scapegoat of academic decline. （ D） when the debate over Harvards “freshman pledge“ will be ende
33、d. 25 The town itself is dreary: not much is there except the cotton mill, the two-room houses where the workers live, a few peach trees, a church with two colored windows, and a miserable main street only a hundred yards long. On Saturdays the tenants from the near-by farms come in for a day of tal
34、k and trade. Otherwise the town is lonesome, sad, and like a place that is far off and estranged from all other places in the world. The nearest train stop is Society City, and the Greyhound and White Bus Lines use the Forks Falls Road which is three miles away. The winters here are short and raw, t
35、he summers white with glare and fiery hot. If you walk along the main street on an August afternoon there is nothing whatsoever to do. The largest building, in the very center of the town, is boarded up completely and leans so far to the right that it seems bound to collapse at any minute. The house
36、 is very old. There is about it a curious, cracked look that is very puzzling until you suddenly realize that at one time, and long ago, the right side of the front porch had been painted, and part of the wall but the painting was left unfinished and one portion of the house is darker and dingier th
37、an the other. The building looks completely deserted. Nevertheless, on the second floor there is one window which is not boarded: sometimes in the late afternoon when the heat is at its worst a hand will slowly open the shutter and a face will look down on the town. It is a face like the terrible di
38、m faces known in dreams sexless and white, with two gray crossed eyes which are turned inward so sharply that they seem to be exchanging with each other one long and secret gaze of grief. The face lingers at the window for an hour or so, then the shutters are closed once more, and as likely as not t
39、here will not be another soul to be seen along the main street. These August afternoons when your shift is finished there is absolutely nothing to do: you might as well walk down to the Forks Falls Road and listen to the chain gang. However, here in this very town there was once a cafe. And this old
40、 boarded-up house was unlike any other place for many miles around. There were tables with cloths and paper napkins, colored streamers from the electric fans, great gatherings on Saturday nights. The owner of the place was Miss Amelia Evans. But the person most responsible for the success and gaiety
41、 of the place was a hunchback called Cousin Lymon. One other person had a part in the story of this cafe he was the former husband of Miss Amelia, a terrible character who returned to the town after a long term in the penitentiary, caused ruin, and then went on his way again. The cafe has long since
42、 been closed, but it is still remembered. The place was not always a cafe. Miss Amelia inherited the building from her father, and it was a store that carried mostly feed, guano, and staples such as meal and snuff. Miss Amelia was rich. In addition to the store she operated a still three miles back
43、in the swamp, and ran out the best liquor in the county. She was a dark, tall woman with bones and muscles like a man. Her hair was cut short and brushed back from the forehead, and there was about her sunburned face a tense, haggard quality. She might have been a handsome woman if, even then, she w
44、as not slightly cross-eyed. There were those who would have courted her, but Miss Amelia cared nothing for the love of men and was a solitary person. Her marriage had been unlike any other marriage ever contracted in this county it was a strange and dangerous marriage, lasting only for ten days, tha
45、t left the whole town wondering and shocked. Except for this queer marriage, Miss Amelia had lived her life alone. Often she spent whole nights back in her shed in the swamp, dressed in overalls and gum boots, silently guarding the low fire of the still. 26 The town can be described with all the fol
46、lowing words EXCEPT （ A） desolate. （ B） disgusting. （ C） insipid. （ D） melancholy. 27 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the town? （ A） The town seems to be in a terribly run-down state. （ B） The weather of the town is agreeable in winter. （ C） The largest building is on the brink
47、of collapse. （ D） In summer, people can see a figure in the largest building. 28 It can be inferred from the passage that （ A） the cafe attracted a lot of people to go there. （ B） the cafe was the place where men met and talked. （ C） the cafe was the largest building in the past. （ D） Cousin Lymon w
48、as Amelia Evans ex-husband. 29 According to the passage, Miss Amelia was （ A） a woman of handsome countenance. （ B） negligent of other mens courtship. （ C） hurt badly by the marriage that failed. （ D） ambitious to become famous and rich. 30 Which of the following adjectives best depicts the characte
49、ristics of Miss Amelia? （ A） Perseverant. （ B） Eccentric. （ C） Sinister. （ D） Scclusive. 30 Virtually every day of the year sees another art biennial opening somewhere in the world. The role of these exhibitions is to showcase contemporary art, attract affluent tourists and stimulate local culture. Most biennials are a sprawling mess and the worst look like commercial art fairs studded with brand-name trophies. However, those that succeed in making
