1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 828及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Kolbs Learning Styles Psychologist David Kolb presented his theory of learning styles in 1984. I will int
3、roduce his four different learning styles, a theory of experiential learning and a learning style inventory. I. A four-stage cycle of learning - observe experiences - build a general theory - form【 B1】 _and generalizations【 B1】 _ - test the implications II. Four learning styles A. the converger abil
4、ities: abstract conceptualization active experimentation be good at the practical【 B2】 _of ideas【 B2】 _ B. the【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ abilities:concrete experience reflective observation be good at【 B4】 _of information【 B4】 _ careers: artists, musicians, counselors and so on C. the assimilator abilities: abs
5、tract conceptualization reflective observation be more interested in【 B5】 _ ideas engage in math and the【 B5】 _ basic sciences and so on D. the accommodator abilities:【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ active experimentation be good at risking and independent thinking engage in【 B7】 _and marketing【 B7】 _ III.【 B8】 _to
6、Jungian Personality Theory【 B8】 _ based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator active/reflective dimension similar to extraversion/introversion concrete/abstract dimension similar to【 B9】 _ dimension【 B9】 _ IV. Support and Criticism for Kolbs Learning Styles choose departmental major according to learni
7、ng styles lack valid research fail to acknowledge the impact of【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that fo
8、llow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Who makes the final decision whether a visa holder can enter the United States? （ A） Visa processing officials. （
9、 B） Ambassadors of the United States. （ C） Custom officials. （ D） Immigration inspectors. 12 Under the Visa Waiver Program, （ A） any people of the UK can get visas issued at the airports. （ B） the UK businessmen may enter the U.S. without visas for a short stay. （ C） all people from any country can
10、apply for e-passport easily. （ D） all short-term students dont need to get visas beforehand. 13 For most nonimmigrant visa appliers, which of the following is NOT a must before getting a visa issued? （ A） Making an appointment. （ B） Showing up for an interview. （ C） Having fingerprints scanned. （ D）
11、 Bringing previous visa records. 14 After the visa is successfully processed, the applicant should （ A） walk into the consular office to fetch his passport. （ B） call the consular officer to arrange time to pick up his visa. （ C） wait until his passport to be delivered to his address. （ D） spare at
12、least 90 days before beginning to arrange his trip. 15 How long should applicants be prepared to stay at the Embassy? （ A） About half an hour. （ B） Approximately an hour. （ C） A couple of hours or so. （ D） At least half a day. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everyt
13、hing ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Russia put off its manned spacecraft mission because （ A） the astronauts needed to be temporarily evacuated. （ B） an unmanned ship using
14、a similar rocket crashed last week. （ C） the supplies at the space station were not abundant. （ D） the degree of radiation had a huge rise recently. 17 Which of the following statements about the research is CORRECT? （ A） The research has found that caffeine levels in the Pacific Ocean have risen. （
15、 B） The research proved that cafes and coffeehouses caused the pollution. （ C） The research is carried out by researchers from Poland, U.S. and Canada. （ D） The research starts a series of studies on Ocean water. 18 In what kind of areas do researchers find high caffeine levels? （ A） Areas near wast
16、ewater treatment plant. （ B） Areas that are densely populated. （ C） Areas where rivers enter the ocean. （ D） Areas far from large population center. 19 Why did the American adviser accuse? （ A） U.S. militarys concealing of the situation in Iraq. （ B） Peacemaking troops postponed withdrawal. （ C） Ira
17、qi armys violent behavior of killing U.S. soldiers. （ D） Iraqs incompetence in maintaining Iraqs peace. 20 Iraq revived the F-16 deal because （ A） they had stored enough food supplies. （ B） they made much money on oil trade. （ C） U.S. offered them an attractive discount. （ D） they passed a bill on s
18、etting up its air force. 20 After vaccines and bed nets, could the humble cooking stove be the next big idea to save millions of lives in poor countries? Hillary Clinton, Americas secretary of state, hopes so. She was marking the launch on September 21st of a new alliance that aims to raise $250m to
19、 supply clean stoves to 100m poor households by 2020. It is headed by the United Nations Foundation, a charity. Among its backers are governments(chiefly America, which has put up an initial $50m), charities(the Shell Foundation)and private firms(Morgan Stanley, an investment bank). Around two billi
20、on people have no access to modern energy, and a billion have it only sporadically. The smoky stoves that many of them use, the World Health Organisation reckons, produce particulate pollution that causes around 2m premature deaths a year. Makeshift cookers also catch fire easily, maiming and killin
21、g. And lives are not the only things wasted. Women and girls in rural villages lose time and energy walking around collecting dirty solid fuels, ranging from crop waste to cow dung(better used as fertiliser). The appeal of a stove that produces more heat, more cleanly and with less fuel is clear. Bu
22、t Kirk Smith, a stove specialist at the University of California at Berkeley, points out that most efforts to promote cleaner stoves have flopped. Too much emphasis has gone on technology and talking to people at the top, too little to consulting the women who actually do the cooking. When subsidies
23、 run out, the schemes have faltered, with stoves left unused or broken. Why might it be different this time? Wouter Deelder of Dalberg, a development consultancy, says that stoves have improved in everything from the materials used to the design of chimneys. Even so, the new stoves can cost $30 or m
24、ore. Greater efficiency means they pay for themselves in a few months, but the price is still prohibitive for people living on a few dollars a week. Moreover, technology that works well in the laboratory may fail in the field, where fuels, cooking practices and even the shapes of vessels vary widely
25、. Last month the Indian government and the X Prize Foundation, a charity that organises incentive prizes, launched a global competition to develop a cheap, clean-burning stove. Gauri Singh of the Indian renewable energy ministry says she wants a stove with a “high-tech heart“ that can be tweaked for
26、 local conditions. Another lesson of past failures, says Daniel Kammen, who runs the World Banks clean-energy programmes, is the need for better data about how stoves are actually used. That is increasingly possible, because cheap sensors can be embedded in stoves. At Berkeley, Mr. Smiths team is wo
27、rking with Vodafone, a mobile-phone company, on a wireless gadget that allows researchers on motorcycles to download the data from stoves. Some in the alliance also hope to tap the money available to curb greenhouse-gas emissions. But the best reason for hope may lie in the new-found awareness of ma
28、rket forces among governments and the UN crowd. Pressed on this point, Mrs. Clinton says emphatically that the new stoves “must not be given away“. As with anti malarial bed nets, she argues, charging a little makes people value and use them properly. That will come as good news to the small army of
29、 entrepreneurs in the developing world now coming up with novel business models to sell and service the cooking stoves. One such innovator is Suraj Wahab of Toyola, a start-up selling some 60,000 stoves a year in Ghana by offering micro-credit. His advice to the new UN coalition is “please dont offe
30、r handouts and dont give away stoves. “ 21 Disadvantages of current stoves include the following BUT （ A） wasting time and energy. （ B） creating pollution. （ C） not being safe. （ D） not always being available. 22 According to Kirk Smith, the previous plan of clean stoves （ A） was too ideal. （ B） req
31、uired more effort. （ C） waited for opinions. （ D） should ignore technology. 23 Learning from past failures, researchers realized the importance of （ A） putting some inexpensive sensors in stoves. （ B） focusing on how stoves are actually used. （ C） cooperating with mobile-phone companies. （ D） posses
32、sing laboratory data about how stoves work. 24 Suraj Wahab of Toyola is mentioned to prove that （ A） new stoves are selling good. （ B） small companies are selling new stoves. （ C） handouts should not be offered. （ D） micro-credit will help selling the stoves. 25 According to this passage, （ A） new s
33、toves will be given away as charity on September 21. （ B） this time, new stoves plan proves to be successful. （ C） new stoves plan is supported by government and organizations. （ D） the advantages of new stoves have not been clear. 25 Starting this month, roughly one quarter of the worlds population
34、 will lose sleep and gain sunlight as they set their clocks one hour ahead for daylight saving. People may think that with the time shift, they are conserving electricity otherwise spent on lighting. But recent studies have cast doubt on the energy argument some research has even found that it ultim
35、ately leads to greater power use. Benjamin Franklin is credited with conceiving the idea of daylight saving in 1784 to conserve candles, but the U.S. did not institute it until World War I as a way to preserve resources for the war effort. The first comprehensive study of its effectiveness occurred
36、during the oil crisis of the 1970s, when the U.S. Department of Transportation found that daylight saving trimmed national electricity usage by roughly 1 percent compared with standard time. Scant research had been done since, during which time U.S. electricity usage patterns have changed as air con
37、ditioning and household electronics have become more pervasive, observes economist Matthew Kotchen of the University of California, Santa Barbara. But lately, changes to daylight saving policies on state and federal levels have presented investigators new chances to explore the before-and after impa
38、cts of the clock shift. In 2006 Indiana instituted daylight saving statewide for the first time.(Before then, daylight time confusingly was in effect in just a handful of Indianas counties.)Examining electricity usage and billing since the statewide change, Kotchen and his colleague Laura Grant unex
39、pectedly found that daylight time led to a 1 percent overall rise in residential electricity use, costing the state an extra $9 million. Although daylight time reduces demand for household lighting, the researchers suggest that it increased demand for cooling on summer evenings and heating in early
40、spring and late fall mornings. They hope to publish their conclusions this year in the Quarterly Journal of Economics. Investigators got another opportunity in 2007, when daylight time nationwide began three weeks earlier, on the second Sunday in March, and ended one week later in the fall. Californ
41、ia Energy Commission resource economist Adrienne Kandel and her colleagues discovered that extending daylight time had little to no effect on energy use in the state. The observed drop in energy use of 0.2 percent fell within the statistical margin of error of 1.5 percent. Not all recent analyses su
42、ggest that daylight saving is counterproductive. Instead of studying the impact daylight saving changes had on just one state, senior analyst Jeff Dowd and his colleagues at the U.S. Department of Energy investigated what effect it might have on national energy consumption, looking at 67 electric ut
43、ilities across the country. In their October 2008 report to Congress, they conclude that the four-week extension of daylight time saved about 0.5 percent of the nations electricity per day, or 1.3 trillion watt-hours in total. That amount could power 100,000 households for a year. The study did not
44、just look at residential electricity use but commercial use as well, Dowd says. The disparities between regional and national results could reflect climate differences between states. “The effect we saw could be even worse in Florida, where air conditioning is used heavily,“ Kotchen suggests. If tim
45、e shifting turns out to be an energy waster, should the sun set on daylight saving? Certainly that would please farmers, who have long opposed it for how it disrupts their schedules. The chances, though, appear nil. “Im skeptical we could change daylight saving time on a national level, because weve
46、m become accustomed to it,“ Kotchen says, adding that “we might want to consider it for other costs or benefits it could have.“ Retailers, especially those involved with sports and recreation, have historically argued hardest for extending daylight time. Representatives of the golf industry, for ins
47、tance, told Congress in 1986 that an extra month of daylight saving was worth up to $400 million annually in extra sales and fees. So instead of worrying about cranking up the air conditioner at home, think about what more you can do outdoors when the sun is out. Softball, anyone? 26 According to re
48、cent researches, switching time （ A） may save energy. （ B） makes no difference. （ C） probably wastes energy. （ D） improves work proficiency. 27 Which statement is NOT true about the idea of switching time? （ A） U.S. adapted the idea five decades after it was thought out. （ B） Thanks to this idea, 1%
49、 of electricity was saved in 1970s. （ C） It may not be a good idea when various electronics are used. （ D） It is a good idea concerning diminishing energy used in lighting. 28 The results of those investigations mentioned above are （ A） convincing. （ B） regular. （ C） contradictory. （ D） accurate. 29 According to the last paragraph but one. （ A） switching time will make farmers happy. （ B） shop owners welcome daylight saving. （ C） golf industry will suffer f
