1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 830及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Cross-cultural Living In adapting to a new culture, expect to go through three distinct stages. I will gi
3、ve you some ideas of the emotional ups and downs that most people go through when they move to another culture. I. Brief Introduction culture shock encountering cultural dissimilarity responding to psychological【 B1】 _【 B1】 _ culture peoples thoughts and behavior II. Three Stages of Adapting to A Ne
4、w Culture A. The【 B2】 _phase【 B2】 _ feelings: exciting, new and exotic, a sensory delight B. Culture shock emotional impact for some: brief and hardly noticeable for others: intense discomfort 【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ e.g. stomach, fatigue, insomnia, etc. C. Cultural adaptation content:【 B4】 _and social adjus
5、tment【 B4】 _ III. The Expected Emotional Ups and Downs A. Prior to your【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ a stressful and exciting time B.【 B6】 _in the host culture【 B6】 _ for most people: elated and excited for some people: different reactions e.g. a few students: homesick reasons: 1)no full preparation 2)different ex
6、pectations 3)jetlag and【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ 4)more challenges C.【 B8】 _after arrival【 B8】 _ low point: bashing, complaining D. Period for adaptation feel【 B9】 _ and be at home【 B9】 _ E. Returning home the second honeymoon: excited the second shock:【 B10】 _and missing【 B10】 _ the second adaptation: adaptiv
7、e 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview
8、you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to Alans cover story, what is the different trait between a boss and most people? （ A） Various temptations. （ B） Huge fortune. （ C） Heavy work. （ D） Psychological risk factors. 12 W
9、hich of the following statements about the little quiz is CORRECT? （ A） The place of the quiz need to be fixed. （ B） The purpose is to find out if your boss is a madman. （ C） The only question is if a boss is a superficially charming person. （ D） One of the question is if a boss has a lot of real an
10、d helpful friends. 13 Which of the following statements about mental bosses is INCORRECT? （ A） They lack sympathy for their employees. （ B） They lack close contact with their employees. （ C） They are good at cheating their employees. （ D） They are especially selfish and indifferent. 14 According to
11、the interview, what have been seen in the corporate cases? （ A） Mental bosses are not responsible. （ B） Mental bosses arc often scared. （ C） Mental bosses are always worried. （ D） Mental bosses are all criminals. 15 Which of the following is NOT the interviewees suggestions for dealing with mental b
12、osses? （ A） questioning authority. （ B） avoiding suspicious activities. （ C） evaluating the damage to your life. （ D） partaking useful activities. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At t
13、he end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the United Nations, less Somalis left their country because_. （ A） the drought is almost over （ B） the border is more strictly guarded （ C） most people have already left （ D） more aid has arrived in the c
14、ountry 17 Scientific experts say the Horn of Africa will_. （ A） have great climate change in the next decade （ B） suffer from very severe droughts in 10 years （ C） face more frequent and more intense droughts （ D） be on the verge of cruel political conflicts 18 The measures people should take to dea
15、l with the drought include_. （ A） making new economic policies （ B） investing in smallholder farms （ C） setting up land organizations （ D） calling for international aid 19 The two climbers died in Peru when they_. （ A） climbed up the mountain （ B） tried to jump off the cliff （ C） explored the summit
16、 of the hill （ D） moved down from the top 20 Which is most likely the cause of the two climbers death? （ A） The change of weather condition. （ B） The collapse of an ice block. （ C） The break of the rope. （ D） The shortage of supply. 20 The world is planting a vigorous new crop: “agro-pessimism“, or
17、fear that mankind will not be able to feed itself except by wrecking the environment. The current harvest of this variety of whine will be a bumper one. Natural disastersfire in Russia and flood in Pakistan, which are the worlds fifth- and eighth-largest wheat producers respectivelyhave added a Bibl
18、ical colouring to an unfolding fear of famine. By 2050 world grain output will have to rise by half and meat production must double to meet demand. And that cannot easily happen because growth in grain yields is flattening out, there is little extra farmland and renewable water is running short. The
19、 world has been here before. In 1967 Paul Ehrlich, a Malthusian, wrote that “the battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s and 1980s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death. “ Five years later, in “The Limits to Growth“, the Club of Rome(a group of business people and academic
20、s)argued that the world was running out of raw materials and that societies would probably collapse in the 21st century. A year after “The Limits to Growth“ appeared, however, and at a time when soaring oil prices seemed to confirm the Club of Romes worst fears, a country which was then a large net
21、food importer decided to change the way it farmed. Driven partly by fear that it would not be able to import enough food, it decided to expand domestic production through scientific research, not subsidies. Instead of trying to protect farmers from international competition as much of the world stil
22、l does it opened up to trade and let inefficient farms go to the wall. This was all the more remarkable because most of the country was then regarded as unfit for agricultural production. The country was Brazil. In the four decades since, it has become the first tropical agricultural giant and the f
23、irst to challenge the dominance of the “big five“ food exporters(America, Canada, Australia, Argentina and the European Union). Even more striking than the fact of its success has been the manner of it. Brazil has followed more or less the opposite of the agro-pessimists prescription. For them, sust
24、ainability is the greatest virtue and is best achieved by encouraging small farms and organic practices. They frown on monocultures and chemical fertilisers. They like agricultural research but loathe genetically modified(GM)plants. They think it is more important for food to be sold on local than o
25、n international markets. Brazils farms are sustainable, too, thanks to abundant land and water. But they are many times the size even of American ones. Farmers buy inputs and sell crops on a scale that makes sense only if there are world markets for them. And they depend critically on new technology
26、. As the briefing explains, Brazils progress has been underpinned by the state agricultural-research company and pushed forward by GM crops. Brazil represents a clear alternative to the growing belief that, in farming, small and organic are beautiful. That alternative commands respect for three reas
27、ons. First, it is magnificently productive. It is not too much to talk about a miracle, and one that has been achieved without the huge state subsidies that prop up farmers in Europe and America. Second, the Brazilian way of farming is more likely to do good in the poorest countries of Africa and As
28、ia. Brazils climate is tropical, like theirs. Its success was built partly on improving grasses from Africa and cattle from India. Of course there are myriad reasons why its way of farming will not translate easily, notably that its success was achieved at a time when the climate was relatively stab
29、le whereas now uncertainty looms. Still, the basic ingredients of Brazils success- agricultural research, capital-intensive large farms, openness to trade and to new farming techniques should work elsewhere. Third, Brazil shows a different way of striking a balance between farming and the environmen
30、t. The country is accused of promoting agriculture by razing the Amazon forest. And it is true that there has been too much destructive farming there. But most of the revolution of the past 40 years has taken place in the cerrado, hundreds of miles away. Norman Borlaug, who is often called the fathe
31、r of the Green Revolution, said the best way to save the worlds imperilled ecosystems would be to grow so much food elsewhere that nobody would need to touch the natural wonders. Brazil shows that can be done. It also shows that change will not come about by itself. Four decades ago, the country fac
32、ed a farm crisis and responded with decisive boldness. The world is facing a slow-motion food crisis now. It should learn from Brazil. 21 “Agro-pessimism“ refers to （ A） a new crop with more harvest. （ B） a sort of psychological disorder. （ C） contradiction between humans and nature. （ D） fear that
33、humans will starve to death. 22 The examples in Paragraph Two are to support the idea that （ A） famine has happened long ago. （ B） the same thing happened before. （ C） humans are using up natural resources. （ D） warnings should be paid attention to. 23 Worried about inadequate imported food, Brazil
34、（ A） supported inefficient farms financially. （ B） properly prevented international competition. （ C） let its farms go through fierce trials. （ D） exploit more land by scientific research. 24 According to the passage, Brazils farming （ A） is an example of agro-pessimism. （ B） is a successful example
35、 to follow. （ C） sees productivity most important. （ D） succeeds solely by GM plants. 25 Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage? （ A） Brazils Farming Mode Saves the World. （ B） Fear of Hunger Encloses the World. （ C） Booming Population Destructs the World. （ D） Science an
36、d Technology May Feed the World. 25 Azhar Usman, a stand-up comic, says he is a “very patriotic“ American Muslim. “I would die for this country,“ he declares. After a pause, he adds: “By blowing myself up.“ After another pause: “Inside of a Dunkin Donuts.“ His largely white, liberal audience guffaws
37、. But not everyone gets the joke: one furious listener thought he was advocating the murder of police officers, who apparently can often be found in doughnut shops. Asked what it is like being a Muslim in America, Mr. Usman says it depends on the headlines. When he heard about the young Nigerian who
38、 tried to down a Detroit-bound plane with a bomb strapped to his crotch, he says he felt two things: disgust at the perversion of Islam that teaches that mass murder is sacred, and a feeling of “Here we go again.“ Mr. Usman has a bushy beard, South Asian looks and the middle name “Muhammad“. At time
39、s like these, people like him attract fearful glances. It was worse after September 11th, 2001. Recorded hate crimes against Muslims soared. These were mostly non-violentthe FBI reported no instances that year of an American Muslim being murdered for his faith. But threats and vandalism are nasty en
40、ough. And Muslims endured countless slights that, while not worth reporting to the police, were vexing. Shabana Shakir-Ahmed, a suburban mother from Cincinnati, recalls chatting with a shop assistant not long after the twin towers fell. She does not wear the hijab, so the assistant did not at first
41、realise she was Muslim. But when she saw the name on her credit card, her attitude stiffened. Mrs. Shakir-Ahmed had bought enough cosmetics to qualify for a free bag, but when she asked for it, the assistant said they were all gone, though there was a heap of them behind her. To an encouraging degre
42、e, Americas Muslims are well-off and well-integrated. A Gallup poll last year found them slightly more likely than other Americans to have jobs, and slightly more likely to be professionals. They are much more satisfied with their lives than Muslims in France or Britain. According to a Pew poll, 72%
43、 say their communities are good places to live and 71% believe that most people who want to get ahead in America can do so if they work hard. Muslim Americans are somewhat less likely to vote than other groups, but they were elated when Barack Obama, a man with Muslim roots, was elected president. M
44、any chafed when he ramped up the war in Afghanistan, but hardly any would prefer his predecessor. Overall, this is a far brighter picture than the headlines suggest. It is a diverse one, too. Asked about their race, a plurality(35%)of American Muslims describe themselves as African-American. Another
45、 28% say they are white, 18% say Asian and 18% tick “other“. Racial disparities among Muslims roughly mirror those in the broader society. Asian-American Muslims are better educated and earn more than African-American ones, for example. And an immigrant Muslim dentist will have quite different exper
46、iences from a black American who converted while in jail. Dalia Mogahed of Gallups Centre for Muslim Studies argues that because American Muslims are so well integrated, they strongly reject terrorism. This is true, but not uniformly so. Muslim Americans under 30 are twice as likely as their elders
47、to believe that suicide-attacks on civilians in defence of Islam are sometimes justified(15% versus 6%, according to Pew). There is a marked streak of alienation among black Muslims, only 36% of whom say they have a “very unfavourable“ view of al-Qaeda. Only a minority of Muslim Americans believe th
48、at Arab Muslims carried out the attacks of September 11th, 2001. Among those who express alarming views, only a tiny fraction will do anything terrible. Most of those who speak approvingly of suicide-bombing are no doubt thinking of wars in far-off lands, rather than blowing up the local mall. But i
49、t does not take many terrorists to cause mayhem. Major Nidal Hasan, who shot and killed 13 people at Fort Hood in November, acted alone. Such attacks may be rare, but people fear them because the victims are chosen at random and the perpetrators are utterly merciless. Obnoxious pundits pour petrol on the flames. Michael Savage, a talk-radio host, describes the growth of Americas Muslim population as “throat-slitters.clawing at the gate“
