1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 836及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you
2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Poetry Nowadays, we literary critics are said to talk little about actual literature. Today, I really want to focus on poetry. I .
3、 A course called “Working With Texts“ A. poetry 【 T1】 _: Understanding Poetry【 T1】 _ students:highly dependent on my(subjective)readings of the【 T2】 _【 T2】_ B. fiction just【 T3】 _, no novels【 T3】 _ book: The Best American Short Stories of the Century C. drama book: a generic【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ good drama
4、 texts and【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ D. course blog for students to find out more about the【 T6】 _we were reading【 T6】 _ moderately successful II .【 T7】 _major experience【 T7】 _ A. what you should read upwards of 100【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ 300 -400 poems, and maybe 50【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ B. result scratched the surface of【 T1
5、0】 _【 T10】 _ C. difference from other majors a【 T11】 _when graduated【 T11】 _ a pretty good【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ how to continually find【 T13】 _to read【 T13】 _ III. The importance of poetry A. be familiar with poetry 【 T14】 _and complexity【 T14】 _ B. be aware of the【 T15】 _of poetry【 T15】 _ a dying art 1
6、【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about
7、 what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to previ
8、ew the questions. （ A） It is Alice McDermotts masterpiece. （ B） It took Alice McDermott seven years to finish it. （ C） It is about an ordinary womans unremarkable life. （ D） It is Alice McDermotts first new novel in the past seven years. （ A） It began as something bigger but was narrowed down at las
9、t. （ B） It was being much heard of. （ C） It was about a quite appealing character. （ D） It had been mentioned in literature before. （ A） She is a very appealing person. （ B） She is a common woman. （ C） She is a child with double character. （ D） She is a woman with double life. （ A） They had no freed
10、om of speaking in public. （ B） They dared not express their opinions. （ C） They were not interested in speaking out. （ D） They had no ideas about what to say. （ A） Because she wants to please her parents who were first-generation Irish Catholics. （ B） Because she is obsessed with things in that era.
11、 （ C） Because she wants to defend the woman against injustice. （ D） Because she finds it attractive to study the womans life. （ A） They tend to express less than they think. （ B） They are kept from seeing and saying. （ C） They speak little for a cultural reason. （ D） They have their own language. （
12、A） She didnt tell Alice McDermott too much about herself. （ B） She thought no one was listening to her. （ C） She told Alice McDermott much of her life. （ D） She told Alice McDermott where to end her story. （ A） She wants the character to tell the story by herself. （ B） She wants to try another narra
13、tive method. （ C） She assumes the character to be herself. （ D） She prefers the first person to the third person. （ A） Grammatical person does not have too much difference in writing. （ B） Grammatical person weighs a lot in writing. （ C） Do not hang on one grammatical person in writing. （ D） Do not
14、change your initial choice of grammatical person in writing. （ A） It creates the rhythm, the beauty and the music. （ B） It makes the story accessible to us. （ C） It makes sentences as important as the content. （ D） It values most in all the books. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section
15、there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25 Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better o
16、n tasks dictated by the brains executive control system. Located at the front of the brain, this system is “the basis for your ability to think in complex ways, control attention, and do everything we think of as uniquely human thought,“ said Ellen Bialystok, a psychologist at York University in Tor
17、onto, Canada. Now studies are revealing that advantages of bilingualism persist into old age, even as the brains sharpness naturally declines, Bialystok said Friday at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D. C. Bialystok and colleagues examined 102 long
18、time bilingual and 109 monolingual Alzheimers patients who had the same level of mental acuity. About 24 million people have dementia(痴呆 )worldwide, with the majority of them suffering from Alzheimers, according to Swedens Karolinska Institutet medical university. The bilingual patients had been dia
19、gnosed with the Alzheimers about four years later than the monolingual patients, on average, according to Bialystoks most recent study, published in November in the journal Neurology. This suggests bilingualism is “protecting older adults, even as Alzheimers is beginning to affect cognitive function
20、,“ Bialystok said. Bialystok is also studying physical differences between bilingual and monolingual brains. In a new experiment, she used CT scans to examine brains of monolinguals and bilinguals with dementia. All the subjects were the same age and functioned at the same cognitive level. “The phys
21、ical effects of the disease in the brain were found to be more advanced in the bilinguals brains, even though their mental ability was roughly the same,“ Bialystok told National Geographic News. Apparently, the bilinguals brains are somehow compensating, she said. “Even though the machine is more br
22、oken, they can function at the same level as a monolingual with less disease,“ she said. “Benefits of bilingualism can begin in uterus(子宫 ),“ Janet Werker, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia, Canada, told the news briefing. For instance, Werker and colleagues recent studies show th
23、at babies exposed to two languages in uterus do not confuse their languages from birth. “ The mental workout required to keep the languages separate may create an enhanced perceptual vigilance(警觉 ) that has lifelong benefits,“ Werker said. “What Id like to suggest is the kind of advantages youve hea
24、rd about in aging can be established from those first days of life, in babies having to keep the two languages apart. “ Granted, people born into bilingualism have it a bit easier. “One of the things babies have is the luxury of timethey get the opportunity to really focus on task at hand,“ Werker s
25、aid. “ If we want to learn a second language, we need to set time aside to allow that to happen“and evidence suggests the payoff is worth it. Even if you dont learn a second language until after middle age, it can still help stave off dementia, Yorks Bialystok said. Being “bilingual is one way to ke
26、ep your brain activeits part of the cognitive-reserve approach to brain fitness,“ Bialystok said. And when it comes to exercising the brain by learning another language, she added, “the more the betterand every little bit helps. “ 26 Bilingualism helps older adults to_. （ A） stay away from Alzheimer
27、s （ B） retain cognitive abilities （ C） delay aging process （ D） improve mental acuity 27 What did Bialystok find out about bilingual and monolingual brains? （ A） Bilingual brains are usually more broken than monolingual brains. （ B） Bilingual brains are more physically advanced than monolingual brai
28、ns. （ C） Bilingual brains function better perpetually than monolingual brains. （ D） Bilingual brains get less mental diseases than monolingual brains. 28 What is the best title for the passage? （ A） Benefits of Bilingualism. （ B） Theory of Bilingualism. （ C） Bilingualism and Monolingualism. （ D） Bil
29、ingualism in Babies and the Old. 28 A week of heavy reading had passed since the evening he first met Ruth Morse, and still he dared not call. Time and again he nerved himself up to call, but under the doubts that assailed him his determination died away. He did not know the proper time to call, nor
30、 was there any one to tell him, and he was afraid of committing himself to an irretrievable blunder. Having shaken himself free from his old companions and old ways of life, and having no new companions, nothing remained for him but to read, and the long hours he devoted to it would have ruined a do
31、zen pairs of ordinary eyes. But his eyes were strong, and they were backed by a body superbly strong. Furthermore, his mind was fallow. It had lain fallow(体耕的 )all his life so far as the abstract(深奥的 )thought of the books was concerned, and it was ripe for the sowing. It had never been jaded by stud
32、y, and it bit hold of the knowledge in the books with sharp teeth that would not let go. It seemed to him, by the end of the week, that he had lived centuries, so far behind were the old life and outlook. But he was baffled by lack of preparation. He attempted to read books that required years of pr
33、eliminary specialization. One day he would read a book of antiquated philosophy, and the next day one that was ultra-modern, so that his head would be whirling with the conflict and contradiction of ideas. It was the same with the economists. On the one shelf at the library he found Karl Marx, Ricar
34、do, Adam Smith, and Mill, and the abstruse(深奥的 )formulas of the one gave no clew that the ideas of another were obsolete. He was bewildered, and yet he wanted to know. He had become interested, in a day, in economics, industry, and politics. Passing through the City Hall Park, he had noticed a group
35、 of men, in the centre of which were half a dozen, with flushed faces and raised voices, earnestly carrying on a discussion. He joined the listeners, and heard a new, alien tongue in the mouths of the philosophers of the people. One was a tramp, another was a labor agitator, a third was a law-school
36、 student, and the remainder was composed of wordy workingmen. For the first time he heard of socialism, anarchism, and single tax, and learned that there were warring social philosophies. He heard hundreds of technical words that were new to him, belonging to fields of thought that his meagre readin
37、g had never touched upon. Because of this he could not follow the arguments closely, and he could only guess at and surmise(推测 )the ideas wrapped up in such strange expressions. Then there was a black-eyed restaurant waiter who was a theosophist, a union baker who was an agnostic, an old man who baf
38、fled all of them with the strange philosophy that what is is right, and another old man who discoursed(讲述 )interminably about the cosmos and the father-atom and the mother-atom. Martin Edens head was in a state of addlement when he went away after several hours, and he hurried to the library to look
39、 up the definitions of a dozen unusual words. And when he left the library, he carried under his arm four volumes: Madam Blavatskys “Secret Doctrine,“ “Progress and Poverty,“ “The Quintessence of Socialism,“ and, “Warfare of Religion and Science. “ Unfortunately, he began on the “Secret Doctrine. “
40、Every line bristled with many-syllabled words he did not understand. He sat up in bed, and the dictionary was in front of him more often than the book. He looked up so many new words that when they recurred, he had forgotten their meaning and had to look them up again. He devised the plan of writing
41、 the definitions in a note-book, and filled page after page with them. And still he could not understand. He read until three in the morning, and his brain was in a turmoil, but not one essential thought in the text had he grasped. He looked up, and it seemed that the room was lifting, heeling, and
42、plunging like a ship upon the sea. Then he hurled the “Secret Doctrine“ and many curses across the room, turned off the gas, and composed himself to sleep. Nor did he have much better luck with the other three books. It was not that his brain was weak or incapable: it could think these thoughts were
43、 it not for lack of training in thinking and lack of the thought-tools with which to think. He guessed this, and for a while entertained the idea of reading nothing but the dictionary until he had mastered every word in it. 29 What rhetoric device was used in the sentence “It had lain fallow.for the
44、 sowing. “? （ A） Allusion. （ B） Personification. （ C） Metaphor. （ D） Simile. 30 Why did Martin Eden begin to read heavily? （ A） Because he needed to learn how to sow on the fallow land. （ B） Because he meant to test if his eyes were very strong. （ C） Because he was concerned about some abstract thou
45、ghts. （ D） Because he had strong desire to learn some knowledge. 31 The second paragraph is meant to show that_. （ A） Martin Eden enjoyed reading books of different themes （ B） Martin Eden began to encounter different new ideas （ C） Martin Eden didnt have very efficient learning method （ D） Martin E
46、den was a hardworking and modest person 32 Martin Eden could not understand the books for the following reasons EXCEPT_. （ A） he didnt know a lot of new words （ B） he didnt have trainings in thinking （ C） he didnt have an intelligent brain （ D） he didnt have useful thought-tools 32 Where does morali
47、ty come from? Throughout the history of Western civilization thinkers have usually answered either that it comes from God, or else through die application of reason. But in The Bonobo and the Atheist, primatologist Frans de Waal argues that theres another answer that fits the data better: morality c
48、omes from our evolutionary past as a social primate(灵长目动物 ). Like our closest relatives, the apes, humans evolved in small, tightly knit, cooperative groups. As a result, again like the apes, we are exquisitely sensitive to one anothers moods, needs and intentions. This well-developed empathy provid
49、ed the trellis(框架 )on which morality later flowered. De Waal, who is based at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, has been making this case eloquently for many years and over several books, notably in Good Natured back in 1997, and in Primates and Philosophers, 12 years later. In his new work, he bolsters(支持 )the argument by drawing on
