1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 845及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you
2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 How to Approach Discursive Writing? How to improve the effectiveness of students writing? There are six stages which should be pai
3、d attention to in the process of discursive writing. I. Brainstorming features: think fast and with no【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ teachers role: 【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ evaluating ideas: intimidating and having a【 T3】 _effect【 T3】 _ II. Assessing ideas assess the【 T4】 _and usefulness【 T4】 _ -【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ establish a st
4、ructure III. Focusing on coherence and cohesion 1. coherence 【 T6】 _of ideas【 T6】 _ emphasizing the topic and【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ examing the order 2. cohesion grammatical and lexical connections classification of the grammatical links 【 T8】 _: pronouns and demonstratives【 T8】 _ ellipsis -【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ e
5、xample: results of misusing pronouns: confusion and【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ IV. Organizing ideas organize a linear format emphasize the【 T11】 _of each paragraph【 T11】 _ discuss the【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ work in groups to avoid the【 T13】 _atmosphere【 T13】 _ V. Writing co-operative writing between writer and reader
6、 advantages: make the task more realistic and【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ VI.【 T15】 _and reading【 T15】 _ reformulate the first draft: code-correction or underlining errors exchange compositions after writing the final draft 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T
7、11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After e
8、ach question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） She was born in Palestine. （ B） She grew up in Gaza City. （ C）
9、She is living in Toronto now. （ D） She received a bachelors degree in marketing. （ A） She is a lawyer. （ B） She is a teacher. （ C） She is a business and process consultant. （ D） She is an engineer. （ A） She doesnt travel a lot since she was a child. （ B） She attended an exchange program in Chicago C
10、hamber of Commerce. （ C） She worked in Dubai before moving to Canada. （ D） As an Arabic girl, she experiences much cultural difference. （ A） They receive little education. （ B） They have no rights. （ C） They all stay at home as housewives. （ D） They usually speak two languages. （ A） Americans dont l
11、ike Arab women. （ B） English is a second language for many Arabs. （ C） Most Arab women have chances to get educated and work overseas. （ D） Different Arab countries have different education levels. （ A） Lucky and satisfied. （ B） Indifferent and unconcerned. （ C） Neutral and impartial. （ D） Dissatisf
12、ied and ungratified. （ A） Pennsylvania. （ B） New York. （ C） California. （ D） New Jersey. （ A） Sometimes she has to surrender or give up because of her gender. （ B） She works harder than her colleagues to prove her capability. （ C） She does not feel much difference. （ D） She is very proud of being a
13、woman and she always sticks to her principle. （ A） The younger generation has a quite different life experience from their parents. （ B） The family culture in Arab is similar to that in the West. （ C） In Arab, young boys will move out of family as soon as possible. （ D） The Arabs are not very family
14、-oriented. （ A） She will stay in Chicago for three months. （ B） Shell be working in green initiatives. （ C） Shell finish her graduation project at Wharton. （ D） Shell do some work for the Olympics 2016. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourte
15、en multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25 When the American psychologist Wayne Oates died in 1999, The New York Times began his obituary by noting two facts. First, the
16、 man had authored an astonishing 57 books. Second and presumably not coincidentally he had coined the word workaholic. Oates invented the now-ubiquitous term in a 1968 essay, in which he confessed that his own addiction to industriousness had been a disorder similar to substance abuse. Of course, he
17、 acknowledged, workaholism is much more socially respectable than drinking a fifth a day more the sort of personality trait that might help someone, say, earn an obit in the paper of record. What, precisely, qualifies someone as a workaholic? Theres still no single accepted medical definition. But p
18、sychologists have tried to distinguish people merely devoted to their careers from the true addicts. A seminal 1992 paper on how to measure the condition argued that sufferers work not only compulsively but also with little enjoyment. Newer diagnostic tests attempt to single out those who, among oth
19、er behaviors, binge and then suffer from withdrawal just as someone would with, say, a gambling or cocaine habit. Even as the precise outlines of workaholism remain a bit fuzzy, various studies have tried to identify its physical and emotional effects. At the risk of carrying on like a Pfizer ad: re
20、search has associated it with sleep problems, weight gain, high blood pressure, anxiety, and depression. Thats to say nothing of its toll on family members. Perhaps unsurprisingly, spouses of workaholics tend to report unhappiness with their marriages. Having a workaholic parent is hardly better. A
21、study of college undergraduates found that children of workaholics scored 72 percent higher on measures of depression than children of alcoholics. They also exhibited more-severe levels of “parentification“ a term family therapists use for sons and daughters who, as the paper put it, “are parents to
22、 their own parents and sacrifice their own needs.to accommodate and care for the emotional needs and pursuits of parents or another family member“. How many people are true workaholics? One recent estimate suggests that about 10 percent of U. S. adults might qualify: the proportion is as high as 23
23、percent among lawyers, doctors, and psychologists. Still more people may be inclined to call themselves workaholics, whether or not they actually are: in 1998, 27 percent of Canadians told the countrys General Social Survey that they were workaholics, including 38 percent of those with incomes over
24、$80,000.(Even among those with no income, 22 percent called themselves workaholics! Presumably some were busy homemakers and students.) The condition may well have a certain social cachet: as the psychologist Bryan Robinson once put it, work addiction might be “the best-dressed mental health problem
25、“ of them all. In one of the rare economic studies on the subject, researchers found that the educated and affluent were much more likely than lower-income Americans to put off retirement, a possible sign of workaholism in action. Such delayed retirement certainly gives new meaning to the phrase “wo
26、rked to death“. For what its worth, the concept would not raise many eyebrows in Japan, where grueling job hours have long been a norm, and theres a word for death by overwork karoshi. The countrys courts have even recognized it as a basis for wrongful-death suits. 26 All of the following statements
27、 about Wayne Oates are true EXCEPT that_. （ A） he thought workaholism was not socially respectable （ B） he had written 57 books （ C） he brought the term workaholic to the world （ D） he admitted his own addiction to work 27 Which of the following results is NOT related to workaholism? （ A） Sleep diso
28、rders. （ B） Weight loss. （ C） Depression and anxiety. （ D） Unhappy marriages. 28 What can be implied from “whether or not they actually are“ in the fourth paragraph? （ A） Nobody is hardworking at all. （ B） Some people are more hardworking than others think. （ C） All the people are not as hardworking
29、 as others think. （ D） Some people prefer to be regarded as hardworking. 29 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The reasons why people become workaholics. （ B） The definition and harm of workaholism. （ C） The countries that have the most workaholics. （ D） The methods of not being a workaholi
30、c. 29 A recent study by German researchers presents the possibility of “ carbon farming“ as a less risky alternative to other carbon capture and storage technologies. It suggests that a significant percentage of atmospheric CO2 could potentially be removed by planting millions of acres of a hardy li
31、ttle shrub known as Jatropha curcas, or the Barbados nut, in dry, coastal areas. But other experts raised doubts about the studys ambitious projections, questioning whether the Barbados nut would be able to grow well in sandy desert soils and absorb the quantity of carbon their models predict. The r
32、esearchers behind the study say Barbados nut plantations could help to mitigate the local effects of global warming in desert areas, causing a decrease in average temperature and an increase in precipitation. If a large enough portion of the Earth were blanketed with carbon farms, they say, these lo
33、cal effects could become global, capturing between 17 and 25 metric tons of CO2 per hectare each year over a 20-year period. The study, published in the journal Earth System Dynamics, states that if 730 million hectares of land an area about three-quarters the size of the United States were devoted
34、to this method of carbon farming, the current trend of rising atmospheric CO2 levels could be halted. Carbon farms would not compete with food production if they were concentrated in dry coastal areas, the researchers said. In their scenario, oceanside desalination plants, partially powered by bioma
35、ss harvested from the plantations themselves, provide a low-emission irrigation method. The study states that the Barbados nut is uniquely suited to growing in regions inhospitable to other crops. The plant, which produces a non-edible seed that can be used to create biodiesel, is comfortable growin
36、g at temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit. It can also withstand high levels of contamination in the soil, making wastewater another potential source for irrigation. The cost of carbon farming is comparable to the costs associated with other carbon capture and storage technologies, the stud
37、y asserts. The researchers calculated that the total cost for a plantation would be between 42 and 63 per ton of carbon, or between about $55 and $85. The estimated cost of carbon capture technology varies widely, but the nonprofit Center for Climate and Energy Solutions pegs it between $36 and $81,
38、 depending on the emissions source. Wulfmeyer stressed that carbon farming could have “fantastic value for the local people“ if international carbon markets pick up, promoting rural development and opening up the possibility of additional agriculture as the soil quality improves around the plantatio
39、n. In an email, Van Noordwijk, chief science adviser for the World Agroforestry Center in Bogor, Indonesia, questioned the growth rate and the atmospheric carbon capture rate hypothesized by the studys authors, calling the estimated carbon price of the plantations a “ substantial underestimate“. “ W
40、ere not talking about trees that create substantive, high-density woody biomass, but about a plant with a shrubby growth habit and a long track record of deceiving farmers with yield potentials that are not being realized,“ he said. Also, Van Noordwijk said, “ even with the abundance of water, the n
41、utrient storage in sandy desert soil is low, and bringing in the nutrient supply to support high growth rates has high energy costs if nitrogenous fertilizer is used. “ He added, “ The estimated carbon price of this option already indicates that there are far better opportunities for reducing ongoin
42、g emissions from peatland use and deforestation. “ 30 According to the researchers behind the study, all of the following will happen EXCEPT_. （ A） a decrease in temperature （ B） an increase of rain （ C） the mitigation of global warming （ D） the reduction of soil contamination 31 Which of the follow
43、ing characteristics does NOT belong to the Barbados nut? （ A） High temperature resistant. （ B） The edible seed. （ C） Adaptability to dirty water. （ D） Biological sources of energy. 32 Which of the following statements cannot explain “fantastic value for the local people“ ? （ A） The soil quality arou
44、nd the carbon farming can be improved. （ B） The rural area can be developed as the carbon markets boom. （ C） There will be more agriculture. （ D） The yield of carbon farming is surprising. 33 What is the attitude of Van Noordwijk towards the study? （ A） Interested. （ B） Positive. （ C） Indifferent. （
45、 D） Critical. 33 Eating when youre not hungry especially high-calorie, high-fat foods may not always rise to the newly broadened clinical definition of an eating disorder. But the behavior that for many Americans is a routine pastime certainly contributes to excess weight gain, with its implications
46、 for health. And it is considered “disordered eating“ by most mental health professionals. A study published on Thursday in the journal Science adds to evidence that binge eating and overeating generally may have a biological basis. The new research, conducted on mice, suggests a target in the brain
47、 that drug developers should consider in exploring treatments for such disordered eating. Not surprisingly, researchers focused their attention on the hypothalamus, one of the brains most primitive structures, a key node in the brain circuitry that drives us to eat and drink, to seek out sexual part
48、ners, and generally to crave more of what makes us feel good. From its seat in the brains deepest recesses, the lateral hypothalamus is lashed up to the amygdala, where basic, powerful emotions such as fear, anger and love are processed. As part of the limbic system, these structures evolved early i
49、n the rise of mammals to ensure that the necessities for survival and reproduction got top billing in behavior. In the 1960s, neuroscientists electrically stimulated the lateral hypothalamus and saw that it played a key role in feeding behavior, and in the reinforcement of feeding behavior. But how it did that remained a mystery. To
