1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 94及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Culture Shock Culture shock is a painful experience we go through when we encounter many new things in ano
3、ther country and we 【 1】 _ in some very strange ways. There are five phases 【 1】 _. or stages of culture shock: sensory overload, helplessness, 【 2】 _, depression and frustration when we run into 【 2】 _. obstacles in a new country. And here are six areas of life that cause culture shock: 1. The【 3】
4、_ We will see so many strange new 【 3】 _. things when we set foot on a new land. 2. The greetings. A common way of greeting at home may lead to a【 4】 _ in a new country because we are 【 4】 _. thought to have poked into other peoples personal affairs. 3.【 5】 _ We may be shocked to find that in the 【
5、5】 _. new country men and women hug and kiss much more in public than we are accustomed to. 4. Personal【 6】 _ between people talking. We dont 【 6】 _. understand why a person will be backing away from us or why a person may be【 7】 _ closer to us in the process of 【 7】 _. communicating with us. That c
6、an be a shock to the system as well. 5.【 8】 _. We always struggle to understand what people 【 8】 _. are saying. We usually have a very hard time in the classroom, when we struggle to follow the instructor who speaks very fast and to get the【 9】 _.needed for passing the exam. 【 9】 _. 6. Food, which i
7、s a very emotional part of life. In a new land, we find our favorite foods may not be available or are prepared quite differently. However, when we have eventually overcome the culture shock, we will have the【 10】 _ to feel at home anywhere in the 【 10】 _. world. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6
8、 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of t
9、he following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 What was education like in Professor Wangs days? （ A） Students worked very hard. （ B） Students felt they needed a second degree. （ C） Education was not career-oriented. （ D） There were many specialized subjects. 12 According to Professor W
10、ang, what is the purpose of the present-day education? （ A） To turn out an adequate number of elite for society. （ B） To prepare students for their future career. （ C） To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programme. （ D） To set up as many technical institutions as possible. 13 In Profe
11、ssor Wangs opinion, technical skills （ A） require good education. （ B） are secondary to education. （ C） dont call for good education. （ D） dont conflict with education. 14 What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying students? （ A） Shifting f
12、rom one programme to another. （ B） Working out ways to reduce student number. （ C） Emphasizing better quality of education. （ D） Setting up stricter examination standards. 15 Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT （ A） those who can adapt to different prof
13、essions. （ B） those who have a high flexibility of mind. （ C） those who are thinkers, historians and philosophers. （ D） those who possess only highly specialized skills. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the ques
14、tions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The new ambassador thought his main task was to _. （ A） serve in the House of Representative. （ B） shoot down Vietnamese air planes. （ C） heal the prison wounds. （ D） heal the war wounds. 17 The
15、 news is mainly about _ in Zimbabwe. （ A） the presidents family （ B） the presidents integrity （ C） officials abuse of money （ D） officials illegal mansions 18 According to the news, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （ A） Judgment is being made on the reported case. （ B） The reported ca
16、se is one of the many unsettled issues. （ C） Corruption and mismanagement of officials seem to be on the increase. （ D） There seem to be many dishonest and incompetent officials in Zimbabwe. 19 A New York stock exchange stops business because _. （ A） share prices reach a record low. （ B） trading has
17、 been suspended twice. （ C） the world economy is rather weak. （ D） market mechanisms are not functioning well. 20 In the effort to calm the market, the United States Treasury put emphasis on _. （ A） the development of the market. （ B） the strength of the American economy. （ C） the prospect of low in
18、flation and low employment. （ D） the strength of the payment and settlement systems. 20 Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the US and Japan are luckie
19、r: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month US President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes US agricultural s
20、upport close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to “promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations“. It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in Novembers midterm elections. Agricultural production in most poor
21、countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999
22、 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. Its not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald Ssendawul
23、a, Ugandas Minister of Finance. “What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete.“ Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This is no pie-in-the-sky speculati
24、on. The biggest success in Kenyas economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the “least-developed country“ status that allows African producers to avoid paying
25、 stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works:
26、Americas African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proved a boon to Africas manufacturers. The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go. This is what makes Bushs decision to increase farm subsidies la
27、st month all the more depressing. Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November members of the World Trade Organization,
28、 meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles. Rich countries assured poor countries that their concerns were finally being addressed. Bushs handout last month makes a lie of Americas commitment to those talks and his per
29、sonal devotion to free trade. 21 By comparison, farmers receive more government subsidies than others. （ A） in the developing world （ B） in Japan （ C） in Europe （ D） in America 22 In addition to the economic considerations, there is a _ motive behind Bushs signing of the new farm bill. （ A） partisan
30、 （ B） social （ C） financial （ D） cultural 23 Kenya is cited as an example to show that （ A） poor countries economy will continue to prosper. （ B） poor countries should not rely only on agriculture. （ C） poor countries should fight to reduce trade tariffs. （ D） poor countries should be given fair tre
31、atment. 24 The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that （ A） poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade. （ B） the “least-developed country“ status benefits agricultural countries. （ C） poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalizati
32、on. （ D） farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies. 25 The writers attitude towards new farm subsidies in the US is （ A） favourable. （ B） ambiguous. （ C） critical. （ D） reserved. 25 Every year more than half a million American kids have drainage tubes surgically implante
33、d in their ears to combat persistent infections. The procedure, known as tympanostomy, may not be as common as the tonsillectomy was in the 1940s, but it now ranks as the nations leading childhood operation and a new study suggests its being vastly overused. In reviewing more than 6,000 scheduled ea
34、r tube operations, a team of experts led by Harvard pediatrician Lawrence Kleinman found that fewer than half were clearly justified. “Each year,“ the researchers write in the current Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), “several hundred thousand children in the United States may be r
35、eceiving tympanostomy tubes that offer them no demonstrated advantage . and may place them at increased risk.“ Tube placement isnt a terribly risky procedure, but it costs $1,000 to $1,500 and sometimes scars the eardrum, causing a partial loss of hearing. Studies show that the benefits are most lik
36、ely to outweigh the risks if a childs middle ear has produced sticky fluid for more than four months despite treatment with antibiotics. For less virulent infections, drug treatment is usually a cheaper, safer alternative (though drugs, too, can be overused). In the new JAMA study, Kleinmans team re
37、viewed the medical charts of 6,429 kids, all under 16, whose doctors had recommended the procedure. Even making “generous assumptions“ about the likely benefits, the researchers found that a quarter of the proposed operations were inappropriate, since less invasive alternatives were available, while
38、 another third were as likely to harm the recipients as help them. Parents neednt panic about ear tubes that are already in place. Once successfully implanted, the tiny devices provide drainage for six months to a year, then come out by reducing health costs by hundreds of millions of dollars every
39、year. 26 In the 1940s _. （ A） tympanostomies were never performed. （ B） tonsillectomies were done too frequently. （ C） there were too few American pediatricians. （ D） American children had fewer ear infections. 27 The Harvard study has concluded that _. （ A） children never benefit from ear surgery.
40、（ B） tympanostomy tubes result in deafness. （ C） some surgeons are too eager to operate. （ D） ear tube operations are too expensive. 28 Tympanostomy tubes are meant to _. （ A） dissolve slowly. （ B） replace medicines. （ C） alleviate eardrum pressure. （ D） reduce earaches. 28 Computers have aided in t
41、he study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consisted solely of massive, number- crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applications were in compiling statistical indexes of works of literature. In 1964, IBM held a conferenc
42、e on computers and the humanities where, according to a 1985 article in the journal Science, “most of the conferees were using computers to compile concordances, which are alphabetical indices used in literary research.“ Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, which dates ba
43、ck to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scholars scrutinize important texts for patterns and meaning. Other humanities applications for computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, especially for f
44、oreign or antiquated languages, and cataloging library collections. Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited at first, but they have produced some interesting results in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. As computer use and access have grown, so has the numb
45、er of digitized texts of classic literary works. The computer-based study of literary texts has established its own niche in academia. Donald Foster, an English professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the leaders in textual scholarship. In the late 1980s Foster created SHAXI
46、CON, a database that tracks all the “rare“ words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears in any individual Shakespeare play no more than 12 times. The words can then be cross-referenced with some 2,000 other poetic texts, allowing experienced researchers to explor
47、e when they were written, who wrote them, how the author was influenced by the works of other writers, and how the texts changed as they were reproduced over the centuries. In late 1995 Fosters work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an obscure 5
48、78-1ine poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although experts had made similar claims for other works in the past, Foster gained the backing of a number of prominent scholars because of his computer-based approach. If Fosters claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few additions t
49、o the Shakespearean canon in the last 100 years. Fosters work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked to help identify the anonymous author of the best-selling political novel Primary Colours (1996). After using his computer programme to compare the stylistic traits of various writers with those in the novel, Foster tabbed
