1、专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷 60及答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _ might arise. ( A) impoliteness ( B) contradictions ( C
2、) mutual understanding ( D) conversational implicatures 2 _ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance. ( A) A locutionary act ( B) An illocutionary act ( C) A perlocutionary act ( D) A performative act 3 Accordi
3、ng to the Speech Act Theory, when a speaker utters a sentence to make a statement or to make an offer, he is performing the ( A) locutionary act. ( B) illocutionary act. ( C) perlocutionary act. ( D) relocationary act. 4 The study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful comm
4、unication is called ( A) pragmatics. ( B) semantics. ( C) sociolinguistics. ( D) psycholinguistics. 5 The utterances that perform an act rather than state a fact or describe a state are called ( A) constative. ( B) speech act. ( C) performatives. ( D) discourse. 6 The linguist who proposed mat the s
5、peech acts can be divided into five categories is ( A) Austin. ( B) Searle. ( C) Leech. ( D) Halliday. 7 The maxim of quality requires: do not say what you believe to be ( A) false. ( B) irrelevant. ( C) insufficient. ( D) indirect. 8 Grice introduced four categories of maxims, which of the followin
6、g means that we should be clear in our meaning? ( A) The maxim of quantity. ( B) The maxim of quality. ( C) The maxim of manner. ( D) The maxim of relation. 9 In sociolinguistic studies, the social group singled out for any special study is called the ( A) speech act. ( B) speech continuum. ( C) spe
7、ech variety. ( D) speech community. 10 In sociolinguistics, the whole of a persons language is referred to as ( A) idiolect. ( B) personal variety. ( C) dialect. ( D) sociolect. 11 The study of the relationship between language and society is called ( A) pragmatics. ( B) sociology. ( C) sociolinguis
8、tics. ( D) semantics. 12 Which of the following is a typical ethnic dialect? ( A) Black English. ( B) Creole. ( C) Pidgin. ( D) American Indian languages. 13 The special language variety which mixes or blends languages used for restricted purposes is known as ( A) standard dialect. ( B) pidgin. ( C)
9、 creole. ( D) ethnic dialect. 14 The phenomenon that two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play is known as ( A) diglossia. ( B) creole. ( C) pidgin. ( D) bilingualism. 15 The casual use of language which consists of expressive but non-standard vocabulary is known
10、as ( A) slang. ( B) euphemism. ( C) jargon. ( D) taboo. 16 When a pidgin comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language, and children learn it as their first language, then the pidgin language has developed into a ( A) social dialect. ( B) creole. ( C) lingua franca. ( D) standard langu
11、age. 17 The view that the structure of a language determines the way in which speakers of that language view the world belongs to ( A) linguistic imperialism. ( B) Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. ( C) Behaviorism. ( D) cognitive approach. 18 The phenomenon that learners L1 knowledge can facilitate L2 acquis
12、ition is known as ( A) negative transfer. ( B) positive transfer. ( C) inference. ( D) interference. 19 The unconscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language through using the language in communication is defined as ( A) learning. ( B) interaction. ( C) acquisition. ( D) competence.
13、 20 The strategies employed by learners in the planning, supervision and evaluation of their study is defined as ( A) cognitive strategies. ( B) social strategies. ( C) affect strategies. ( D) meta-cognitive strategies. 21 The input hypothesis is proposed by ( A) Stephen Krashen. ( B) Norm Chomsky.
14、( C) Richard Schmidt. ( D) Michael Long. 22 According to the comprehensive input theory, “i + 1“ refers to ( A) the current level of the learners interlanguage. ( B) a little more advanced than current level of the learners language knowledge. ( C) a little more than the current quantity of the inpu
15、t the learner received. ( D) the current quantity of the input the learner received. 23 Mentalists hold that language is acquired with the help of ( A) enough practice. ( B) language acquisition device. ( C) context. ( D) sufficient input. 24 Negative transfer in second language acquisition is known
16、 as ( A) interference. ( B) fossilization. ( C) processing constraints. ( D) divergence. 25 “Fossilization“ is an important characteristic of the ( A) native language. ( B) second language. ( C) target language. ( D) interlanguage. 26 Arbitrariness of language was first discussed by ( A) Chomsky. (
17、B) Halliday. ( C) Firth. ( D) Saussure. 27 The fundamental distinction between competence and performance is discussed by ( A) Chomsky. ( B) Saussure. ( C) Bloomfield. ( D) Austin. 28 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Chomskys TG Grammar? ( A) Innateness. ( B) Deductive methodology.
18、( C) Emphasis on interpretation. ( D) Emphasis on stimulus-response reinforcement. 29 The well-known formula: SrsR was put forward by ( A) Bloomfield. ( B) Firth. ( C) Hockett. ( D) Harris. 30 Which of the following is NOT Saussures field of study? ( A) Linguistics. ( B) Sociology. ( C) Psychology.
19、( D) Anthropology. 专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷 60答案与解析 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 人们并不总是严格遵守合作原则的准则,且有时故意违反它们,正是对这些准则的公然违反才产生了会话含义 (Conversational Implicature),即言听双方通过有意识地
20、违反这些准则,使话语变得间接或委婉,或表达更为隐晦的含义。 【知识模块】 语言学 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 言后行为是由言说某话语而引起的后果或变化,是话语在听者身上产生的效果,故选 C。言语行为理论中的 Performative指 “施为句 ”,但没有D“performativeact”的概念。 【知识模块】 语言学 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据言语行为理论,言者在言说某事时实施的行为动作叫言外行为。一个人在说话的同时发出声明或提供报价,这都是言外行为。 【知识模块】 语言学 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 关于语言的使用者如何利用句子达到成功交际的目的的学科是语用
21、学。 【知识模块】 语言学 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 在说话的同时执行一个动作,而非陈述事实或描述一种状态,这种句子叫施为句 (Performatives)。 【知识模块】 语言学 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 舍尔将言语行为分成阐述性言语行为、指令性言语行为、承诺性言语行为、表达性言语行为以及宣告性言语行为这 5类。 【知识模块】 语言学 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 质的准则的内容:不说自知虚假 (false)或缺乏足够证据的话。 【知识模块】 语言学 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 方式准则的内容:所言要简练、条理清晰,避免产生歧义和表达晦涩。归根结底,就是要清
22、晰明了。 【知识模块】 语言学 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 为服务于特殊研究 (special study)而被单独划分出来的社会群体称为言语社区。 【知识模块】 语言学 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 个体言者的个人方言称为个人语言 (Idiolect),它是地域、社会、年龄和性别各类变体成分的综合体。 【知识模块】 语言学 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 研究语言和社会的关系的学科叫社会语言学。 【知识模块】 语言学 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 种族方言是那 些经历过种族歧视、不享有多少特权的人群所使用的语言, BlackEnglish(黑人英语 )属于种族方
23、言。 【知识模块】 语言学 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 洋泾浜语 (Pidgin)是一种特殊的语言混合变体,一般是由讲不同语言的人群为了实现有限、直接的交际目的而创造的。 【知识模块】 语言学 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 同一语言社区中,两种语言同时并存,每种都有其不同的社会地位和作用的现象叫双语现象 (Bilingualism)。 【知识模块】 语言学 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 俚语是一种随意使用的语言,这种语言包含有表现力强但却不标准的词汇,尤其是包含任意的、低俗的词语。 【知识模块】 语言学 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 当洋泾浜语逐渐发展成为某一
24、言语社区的主要语言,并且由该语言社区的儿童将其当做本族语自然习得时,就成了克里奥耳语。 【知识模块】 语言学 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说认为语言决定思维,因此,不同语言能以不同的方式表达其使用者独特的世界观。 【知 识模块】 语言学 18 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 母语知识能够促进第二语言学习的现象叫做正迁移。 【知识模块】 语言学 19 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 通过在交际中运用语言而积累第二语言知识的无意识过程叫做语言习得。 【知识模块】 语言学 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 学习者在对自己的学习进行计划、监督和评估时所采取的策略叫做元认知
25、策略。 【知识模块】 语言学 21 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 是斯蒂芬 .克拉申 (Stephen Krashen)提出了输入假说。 【知识模块】 语言学 22 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 “i+1”指略高于学习者当前语言水平的输入。 【知识模块】 语言学 23 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 心灵主义者认为人类生来便具备语言习得机制 (Language Acquisition Device),该机制负责语言的习得。 【知识模块】 语言学 24 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 语言习得过程中的负迁移又叫干扰。 【知识模块】 语言学 25 【正确 答案】 D 【试题解析】 石化现象是中
26、介语的一个重要特征。 【知识模块】 语言学 26 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 任意性这一语言特征是索绪尔提出的。 【知识模块】 语言学 27 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 乔姆斯基区分了语言能力与语言应用 (Competence and Performance)。 【知识模块】 语言学 28 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 “刺激一反应 ”的强化理论是布龙菲尔德的主要理论之一,不属于乔姆斯基的转换生成语法的内容。 【知识模块】 语言学 29 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 布龙菲尔德提出了学习中的 “刺激一反应 ”的强化理论。 【知识模块】 语言学 30 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 索绪尔的理论包含语言学、社会学和心理学这三个方面。 【知识模块】 语言学