1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 141及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 How to Write a Dissertation I. Two necessary preparations A. Planning【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ B. The【 T2】 _ of balanced life【 T2】 _ all
3、you have to do: devote time to physical, social, intellectual,【 T3】 _ well-being【 T3】 _ II. The general idea A. A thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture B. A dissertation is a lengthy,【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ 1. Scientific method The scientific method needs a【 T5】 _ of evidence【 T5】 _ to support a hypothesis to
4、 deny a hypothesis 2.【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ the essence of a dissertation a dissertation【 T7】 _ principles【 T7】 _ 3. Supporting materials A dissertation must【 T8】 _ every statement with a【 T8】 _ reference or original work It does not repeat details of published materials It uses the results as fact III. Lea
5、rning from the exercise A Getting trained to【 T9】 _ with other scientists【 T9】 _ B. Learning to think deeply IV. Definitions and terminology A Each technical term must be defined by a reference to a definition【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ by a precise, unambiguous definition before a)the term is used for a new t
6、erm b)a standard term used in an unusual way B. Each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation V. Language points A. Good writing is【 T11】 _ in a dissertation【 T11】 _ B. Using active constructions C. Writing in the【 T12】 _tense【 T12】 _ D.【 T13】 _negation early【 T13】 _ E
7、. Paying attention to【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ VI. Key to success:【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided
8、 into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best a
9、nswer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） To make a special plea for future cooperation. （ B） To seek advice on her sons major in college. （ C） To show her regret at the schools education. （ D） To guarantee Williams security in school. （ A） An
10、 acting career. （ B） A sporting career. （ C） Becoming a teacher. （ D） Becoming an architect. （ A） They recruit students from technical colleges. （ B） Most students graduated there would be cartoonists. （ C） The entrance competition is awfully fierce. （ D） The students must take a foundation course t
11、here. （ A） They dont prefer to choose hobbies as their majors. （ B） They accept the fact that parents make decisions for them. （ C） They know what their passions are before entering colleges. （ D） They are unconcerned about security when choosing majors. （ A） Choosing art as a major takes a risk. （
12、B） Mrs. Harris thinks art schools are hard to enter for. （ C） The entry qualifications of colleges are tough. （ D） Going to art schools requires 3 As and 2 Os. （ A） Because William is interested in it. （ B） Because William is good at this field. （ C） Because it promises a well-paid job. （ D） Because
13、 her firm is in want of scientists. （ A） William has no enthusiasm of painting now. （ B） Mrs. Harris is happy about Williams decision. （ C） Williams mother runs her own business. （ D） A science degree guarantees one outstanding. （ A） William can make a comfortable living as an artist. （ B） Mrs. Harr
14、is should persuade William to come down to earth. （ C） Its unwise to force William to choose an art major. （ D） William wont make a change of his decision easily. （ A） Its highly appreciated by Mr. Simms. （ B） Hes good at painting pictures on the wall. （ C） It made him easily choose art for a living
15、. （ D） It helps him to apply for a science major. （ A） Persuade her son into making a more realistic decision. （ B） Prepare her son for an art course at a technical college. （ C） Wait until the headmaster discusses with Mr. Simms. （ D） Talk with Mr. Simms about Williams chance of acceptance. 专业英语八级（
16、听力）模拟试卷 141答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fil
17、l in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 How to Write a Dissertation Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to todays lecture about writing. I have known that you are prepar
18、ing to write a dissertation at present. Unless you have written many formal documents before, you are going to find that its difficult! So, in todays lecture, I will talk about methods for writing a dissertation. The foremost things you should know are two necessary preparations for successful compl
19、etion of a dissertation. The first is planning ahead. A plan imposes a structure on the project and prevents you from drifting aimlessly for long periods of time. It will help motivate you to work during tedious or difficult phases and provides the incentive to make sacrifices. The second is the mai
20、ntenance of healthy balance. The dissertation is such a time-consuming project that it can seem impossible to lead a balanced life. Without a healthy balance of life, you may feel angry, resentful, frustrated, overwhelmed, and depressed on a consistent basis. In order to maintain a healthy balance,
21、it is often helpful to devote time every day and week to your physical social intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being. Next, I will provide you with a few general ideas about a dissertation. As we know, a thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A dissertation is a lengthy, formal document tha
22、t argues in defense of a particular thesis. So many people use the term “thesis“ to refer to the document that a current dictionary now includes it as the third meaning. No. 1: Scientific method. The scientific method adopted in a dissertation means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evi
23、dence to support or deny it. Before one can write a dissertation defending a particular thesis, one must collect evidence that supports it. Thus, the most difficult aspect of writing a dissertation consists of organizing the evidence and associated discussions into a coherent form. No. 2: Critical t
24、hinking. The essence of a dissertation is critical thinking, not experimental data. Analysis and concepts form the heart of the work. A dissertation also concentrates on principles: it states the lessons learned, and not merely the facts behind them. No. 3: Supporting materials. In general, every st
25、atement in a dissertation must be supported either by a reference to published scientific literature or by original work. But, a dissertation does not repeat the details of critical thinking and analysis found in published sources: it uses the results as fact and refers the reader to the source for
26、further details. Each sentence in a dissertation must be complete and correct in a grammatical sense. Moreover, a dissertation must satisfy the strict rules of formal grammar. For example, no undefined technical jargon, no hidden jokes, and no slang, even when such terms or phrases are in common use
27、 in the spoken language. Indeed, the writing in a dissertation must be clear. Shades of meaning matter: the terminology and prose must make fine distinctions. The words must convey exactly the meaning intended, nothing more and nothing less. Each statement in a dissertation must be correct and defen
28、sible in a logical and scientific sense. Furthermore, the discussions in a dissertation must satisfy the strictest rules of logic applied to mathematics and science. Thirdly, we have to know what one should learn from the exercise. A11 scientists need to communicate discoveries: the dissertation pro
29、vides training for communication with other scientists. Writing a dissertation requires a student to think deeply, to organize technical discussion, to muster arguments that will convince other scientists, and to follow rules for rigorous, formal presentation of the arguments and discussion. When wr
30、iting a dissertation, we should also be clear about definitions and terminology. Each technical term used in a dissertation must be defined either by a reference to a previously published definition for standard terms with their usual meaning or by a precise, unambiguous definition that appears befo
31、re the term is used for a new term or a standard term used in an unusual way. And each term should be used in one and only one way throughout the dissertation. The easiest way to avoid a long series of definitions is to include a statement. Then, only define exceptions. The introductory chapter can
32、give the intuition of terms provided they are defined more precisely later. Last but not least important is language points. There is a principle we should remember, i.e. good writing is essential in a dissertation. As for voice, remember to use active constructions. For example, say “the operating
33、system starts the device“ instead of “the device is started by the operating system.“ Then write in the present tense. For example, say “The system writes a page to the disk and then uses the frame“ instead of “The system will use the frame after it wrote the page to disk“. Moreover, you should defi
34、ne negation early. For instance, say “no data block waits on the output queue“ instead of “a data block awaiting output is not on the queue.“ At last you should be careful that the subject of each sentence really does what the verb says it does. All computer scientists should know the rules of logic
35、. Unfortunately the rules are more difficult to follow when the language of discourse is English instead of mathematical symbols. When written using mathematical symbols, the differences are obvious because “for all“ and “there exists“ are reversed. As far as the language points are concerned, there
36、 is a key to success: practice. No one ever learned to write by reading essays like this. Instead, you need to practice and practice. This is the secret to writing a good dissertation. To conclude, we have discussed some necessary preparations before writing a dissertation: What follows are some gui
37、ding principles, including some general ideas of a dissertation and how to reach a good writing. Finally, I provide you with a key to successful writing, i.e. practice. After this lecture, I hope you may find your dissertation-writing smooth. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 ahead beforehand 【试题解析】 讲座的主题是 “method
38、s for writing a dissertation(撰写学位论文的方法 )”，接着提出 2个必要准备，其中之一就是 planning ahead，可知答案为ahead，或其近义表达 beforehand。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 maintenance 【试题解析】 两个必要的准备中的另外一个是和谐生活的维持，由此可知答案为maintenance。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 emotional and spiritual 【试题解析】 为了维持健康的平衡，需要做的就是把时间投入到身体、交际、脑力、情感以及精神的健康上，前面几项都已列出，可知答案为 emotion
39、al and spiritual。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 formal document 【试题解析】 录音材料提到博士学位论文是一种 lengthy,formal document，由此可知答案为 formal document。定义性或概念性 的信息是常考之处，也是理解全文的关键。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 collection 【试题解析】 原文材料提到 “科学的方法为：先提出假设，再收集证据对其进行论证或推翻 ”，空格处需要一个名词由此可知答案为 collection。序列词之后的信息为常考点。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 critical thi
40、nking 【试题解析】 录音材料提到第二点为 “批判地思考 ”，其后又提及 “学位论文的精髓要求批判地思考 ”，对照考题，由此可知答案为 critical thinking。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 concentrates on 【试题解析】 讲座在讲述批判性思考时，还提到学位论文还侧重于原理，由此可知答案为 concentrates on。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 support 【试题解析】 根据录音原文 “一般来说，论文中的每一个论证都应具备相应的支持 (support)，无论是已出版的科技文章还是原著 ”，可知答案为 support。 【知识模块】 听力
41、 9 【正确答案】 communicate 【试题解析】 此题谈到人们应从练习中学习的其中一个方面，即 “所有的科学家都需要对所发现的事物进行交流探讨，博士论文就为此提供了训练的机会 ”，可知答案为 communicate。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 previously published 【试题解析】 此题谈论文写作中的下定义和术语界定，具体提到 “用于学术论文中的每一个术语，都必须收录在之前出版的标准术语参考文献中 ”，由此可知答案为 previously published。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 essential important vital 【试
42、题解析】 此题涉及人们必须知道的最重要原则，即 Good writing is essential in a dissertation由此可知答案为 essential，或其近义表达 important或 vital。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 present 【试题解析】 此题涉及论文写作中的时态，录音原文建议 write in the present tense，再对照考题，可知答案为 present。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 Defining 【试题解析】 在讲到语言点的时候，讲座还提到了你应该提早明确否定，原文中出现的原词是 define，而空格处需要填入
43、动词的现在分词形式，所以答案为Defining，注意首字母要大写。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 grammar and logic 【试题解析】 原文提到你应该当心每个句子的主语要和动词保持一致，还有所有的电脑科学家应该懂得逻辑规则，总结起来就是要注意语法和逻辑，所以答案为grammar and logic。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 practice 【试题解析】 此题总结成功的秘诀，即 there is a key to success： practice。由此可知答案为 practice。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In thi
44、s section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you s
45、hould read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 Mrs. Harris has come to see the headmaster of her sons school to ask his advice about her sons further education. M: Good mornin
46、g. Mrs. Harris. Do sit down. I understand youd like to have a word with me about William. W: Yes, thats right, headmaster. I hope I should see you as soon as possible before William does anything hell regret. M: Regret? Mrs. Harris? W: Well, you see, he has his heart set on becoming an artist. My hu
47、sband and I think he ought to take up something more secure. I mean even if he went to art school, there would be no guarantee that he could get a good job afterwards. M: He could probably teach, Mrs. Harris. W: He wouldnt like that. He says he wouldnt be a teacher if it were the last job on earth.
48、Oh, ha, beg your pardon, headmaster, I didnt mean. M: Not at all, Mrs. Harris. I wouldnt have been a teacher myself if Id had my way. Id have been an actor if my parents had let me. So I have some sympathy with Williams problems. Now, lets see, if he wants to be an artist, hell have to decide what s
49、ort of artist he wants to be. W: I dont quite follow you, headmaster. M: Well, choosing a major can be a tricky endeavor that requires a great deal of planning. What I mean is if he wants to be a commercial graphic artist or cartoonist, that sort of thing, he might do very well if he took an art course at a technical college. And besides, the entry qualifica
