1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Non-Verbal Communication In this talk, we are going to talk about the definition of non-verbal communi
3、cation, dimensions of non-verbal communication and impression formation and management of nonverbal communication. I. Definition and the five primary functions A. Definition: Communication that is produced by some means other than words B. The five primary functions 1. Expression of Emotion Through
4、the face,【 B1】 _, and voice【 B1】 _ 2.【 B2】 _of Interpersonal Attitudes【 B2】 _ Tone of voice, gaze, and touch 3. Accompany and Support Speech Nodding ones head Using phrases like “uh-huh“ when another is talking 4. Self-Presentation Appearance 5. 【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ Greetings, handshakes or other rituals
5、II. Traditional dimensions of nonverbal communication 1. Physical Appearance The first nonverbal messages Can be used to develdp judgments 2. Territory and Personal Space Personal space: the space an individual maintains around him or herself Territory: a larger area an individual controls that can
6、provide privacy 3.【 B4】 _【 B4】 _ Happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, anger, disgust/contempt 4.【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ Reflect individual thought processes and regulate communication 5. Touch An interpersonal bond is being offered or established 6. Time Past-oriented: use past to【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ Future-oriente
7、d: work for tomorrow Present-oriented: live for today III. Impression formation and management of nonverbal communication A. Definition: an individuals conscious attempt at control over communication behaviors to【 B7】 _ others【 B7】 _ B. Two important functions for impression management: 【 B8】 _ func
8、tion: consciously trying to control the impression one【 B8】_ makes on the person with whom one is communicating with Affect management: consciously controlling your emotional response C. Four dimensions of impressions: 【 B9】 _【 B9】 _ Likeability Interpersonal attractiveness Dominance D. Factors that
9、 influence the impressions we form about other people: Stereotypes First impressions 【 B10】 _【 B10】 _ Last impressions 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 10 Five Things for College Graduates to Know I. Degree does not【 B1】 _ you to a job【 B1】 _ A. Your
10、situation after graduation other graduates too got degrees B. Reminders for your attention learn to differentiate【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ stop blaming the world take personal responsibility shape your future with【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ II. Find what you really love to do A. The time you have after college dont burden
11、with heavy【 B4】 _: a mortgage, family, etc.【 B4】 _ to move back home or room with a buddy B. Use that time to find what youd love to do never【 B5】 _【 B5】 _ avoid falling into a routine have a goal, plan, or passion to shoot for III. Learn how to interact with people: a【 B6】 _ skill【 B6】 _ A. Put it
12、into practice constantly B. Learn to greet people with a smile C. Make small talk, get to know your co-workers, etc. D. Learn to be【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ IV. Learn to practice CYA A. Office politics does exist and its not pretty B. Keep all emails, have everything【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ C. Document a potential probl
13、em or situation V. Learn to build why you did it【 B4】 _ METHOD: how you did it RESULTS: what you found out 【 B5】 _: what you think it shows【 B5】 _ IV. Sense of readership 【 B6】 _: reader is the marker【 B6】 _ 【 B7】 _: reader is an idealized, hypothetical,【 B7】 _ intelligent person with little knowled
14、ge of your study tasks to fulfill in an experimental report: introduction to relevant area necessary background information development of clear arguments definition of technical terms precise description of data【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ V. Demands and expectations in report writing early stage: understanding
15、of study subject/area and its implications basic grasp of the reports format later stage: 【 B9】 _ on research significance【 B9】 _ things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION: inadequate material 【 B10】 _ of research justification for the study【 B10】 _ 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6
16、】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 17答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a
17、 gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Non- Verbal Communication Good morning, everyone. Today,
18、I am going to give you a brief introduction of non-verbal communication. My lecture is composed of three parts. Definition of non-verbal communication, dimensions of non-verbal communication and impression formation and management of nonverbal communication. Now, first of all, how do you define non-
19、verbal communication? Communication is generally defined as having both a verbal and nonverbal component. Whereas verbal communication often refers to the words we use in communication, nonverbal communication refers to communication that is produced by some means other than words: eye contact, body
20、 language, or vocal cues, for example. The five primary functions of Non-verbal Behavior are: 1. Expression of Emotion emotions are expressed mainly through the face, body, and voice. 2. Communication of Interpersonal Attitudes the establishment and maintenance of relationships is often done through
21、 nonverbal signals(tone of voice, gaze, touch, etc.). 3. Accompany and Support Speech vocalization and nonverbal behaviors are synchronized with speech in conversation(nodding ones head or using phrases like “uh-huh“ when another is talking). 4. Self-Presentation presenting oneself to another throug
22、h nonverbal attributes like appearance. 5. Rituals the use of greetings, handshakes or other rituals. Secondly, lets talk about traditional dimensions of nonverbal communication. There are mainly six dimensions of nonverbal communication. No.l Physical Appearance Appearance messages are generally th
23、e first nonverbal messages received and can be used to develop judgments about people based on how they look, what they wear, and their level of attractiveness, among other things Physical attractiveness impacts how people perceive others as similar to themselves and is used to evaluate credibility
24、and general attractiveness. No.2 Territory and Personal Space Personal space refers to the space an individual maintains around him or herself, while territory is a larger area an individual controls that can provide privacy for example, an office or a specific chair in the conference room. Invading
25、 anothers territory may cause that person discomfort and the desire to defend his or her space by turning away or creating a barrier, for example. Culture can influence the way that individuals use space. Individualist societies like the United States emphasize personal rights and responsibilities,
26、privacy, and freedom, whereas more collectivist societies emphasize community and collaboration. No.3 Facial Expressions The most important non-verbal channel for expressing attitudes and emotions to other people is the face. Researchers have attempted to categorize facial expressions that express e
27、motion and typically agree on six: happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, anger, disgust/contempt. No.4 Gestures and Postures Gestures and postures are frequent and continuous movements of the body that reflect individual thought processes and regulate communication. For body language to be interpreted
28、 as positive and genuine, it is important that it appear to be natural. Lewis suggests individuals stand erect and walk with shoulders back and stomach in. This helps communicate a message of self-confidence, awareness, and enthusiasm. No.5 Touch(Tactile Communication) People believe that the most b
29、asic meaning of touch is that an interpersonal bond is being offered or established. While touch can be used for consolation, support, and congratulations depending on the relationship, touch is often culturally regulated in organizations meaning it may be regulated to behaviors such as handshakes.
30、Touch, like any other communication message, may elicit negative and positive reactions depending on the configuration of people and the circumstances. No.6 Time The way an individual talks about or uses time can communicate much nonverbal information about him or her. Individuals may view time as t
31、he location or duration of events, the interval between events, or as patterns of intervals, routines or cycles of behavior. Individuals may also have differing psychological time orientations that influence how they think about and perceive time in their daily lives. Individuals may be more past-or
32、iented, using the past to shape the present, or future-oriented, working towards tomorrow. Individuals can also be present-oriented, living mostly for today. Culture can play a role in determining time orientation, so it is important to be aware of these differences and their potential impact on com
33、munication. The third part of my talk is about impression formation and management of nonverbal communication. Impression management is an individuals conscious attempt at control over communication behaviors and cues for the purposes of making a desired impression often with nonverbal communication
34、. There are two functions important for impression management: 1)Presentational function, which means consciously trying to control the impression he/she makes on the person with whom he/she is communicating with, and 2)Affect management, which means consciously controlling your emotional response.
35、The impressions we make on others are subsequently defined by four dimensions: credibility how competent and trustworthy you are, likeabili-ty that another will judge you likable, interpersonal attractiveness, and dominance showing power and as-sertiveness. The kind of person you are judged to be is
36、 influenced more by nonverbal than verbal cues. When we make judgments about others we typically give disproportionate weight to nonverbal behaviors and cues than to their actions, for example, looking at their posture to judge their level of self confidence. Factors that influence the impressions w
37、e form about other people: a)Stereotypes that we hold about individuals that belong to certain groups; b)First impressions that might affect all subsequent perceptions and may be resistant to change; c)Selective perceptions whereby we pay attention to things that are consistent with our own past exp
38、eriences and concerns; and d)Last impressions in which we disproportionately weigh the influence of an individuals most recent action or our last contact with the individual. OK. I have outlined the six aspects of non-verbal communication and how non-verbal communication affects our image and impres
39、sion. In our next lecture, we shall discuss the micro-expression and macro-expression, two concepts central to decoding human behaviors. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 body 【试题解析】 本题考查的是表达情感这一功能可以通过哪些 方面来实现。讲座中提到可以通过脸、身体和声音来表达情感。因此，这里填的是 body。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 Communication 【试题解析】 非语言文字交际也可以表达人际关系之间的态度，即人际关系的
40、建立与维系通常是通过非语言文字信号来表达的 (比如声调、凝视和触碰等 )。本题的答案为 Communication。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 Rituals 【试题解析】 非语言文字交际的第五大功能是仪式，即打招呼、握手等其他类似的仪式。本题的答案为 Rituals。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 Facial Expressions 【试题解析】 从传统的意义上说，非语言文字交际分为几大方面，人们最常使用面部表情这种非语言文字交际的方式来表达态度以及情感。所以答案为 Facial Expressions。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 Gestures and
41、Postures 【试题解析】 动作和姿势也是反映人们思考过程和交流方式的一种手段，本题的答案为 Gestures and Posture。本题考查的是 关键信息，应在听力时适当做笔记，如果在听力中未能记录下信息，学生应能从下文的分论点中辨别出本段话的中心思想，推理出答案。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 shape the present 【试题解析】 时间也是非语言文字交流的一种手段，人们谈论时间或者使用时间的方式可以反映出一个人的性格，有些人是为未来而工作，有的人则活在当下，还有一些人用过去塑造现在。所以本题的答案为 shape the present。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【
42、正确答案】 impress 【试题解 析】 非语言文字交流也可以用于印象管理。印象管理指的是人们有意识的控制交流行为和提示，以达到目的，令对方产生自己想获得的印象。这里考生需要把 make a desired impression转化为动词 impress。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 Presentational 【试题解析】 印象管理有几种功能，其中的一种是 presentational function，即展示功能，人们通过非语言文字交流等手段有意识地控制交流对象对他们的印象。所以本题的答案为 Presentational。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 Credibi
43、lity 【试题解析】 印象分为四大方面，本题考查的是第一方面 “可靠度 ”，即一个人看起来能力多大，可信赖程度有多高。所以本题的答案为 Credibility。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 Selective perceptions 【试题解析】 影响一个人的印象的有几个方面，其中的一个为 “选择性的看法 ”，即我们更为注意的方面，总是与我们过去的经历和关注的问题联系更为紧密的。本题的答案为 Selective perceptions。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【听力原文】 Five Things for College Graduates to Know Hi, everyo
44、ne. My name is David Owen. Todays lecture will focus on what every college grad should know. I felt obligated to let you, college students, know what things to look out for when you graduate so you dont get railroaded. I will not waste your time with a long introduction, so without further ado, I pr
45、esent to you: 5 things every college grad should know. First of all, you have to understand: a degree does not entitle you to a job. Its amazing to hear recent college graduates get so worked up about not being able to find a job. Here comes the tough love that you know is coming. Just because you g
46、ot a degree, it doesnt entitle you to a job. Its time to get your head out of the sand. The days when all you needed was a college degree to get a job are long gone. Deep down inside, you know its true. Think back to your graduation. Remember your fellow classmates graduating with you? They too got
47、degrees. Now, think of the thousand other graduations across the nation that occurred in the same month. They got degrees too. Whats going to separate you from them? Why should employers hire you instead of all the other clones? You must learn to differentiate yourself. What can you offer that these
48、 other people cant? Its not enough to put your future in the hands of an educational institution. Its time to stop blaming the world. Its time to take personal responsibility, and to have the courage to shape your future with your own hands. Secondly, please make sure to find what you love to do. The time you have after college is the time to find what you love to do. You are not burdened with the heavy responsibilities of a mortgage, family, or dependents. Youll mos
