1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 181及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Cross-Cultural Communication Tips for Americans I. Why Americans need cross-cultural tips? a)Not a “melting pot“ but a(n)“【 T1
3、】 _“【 T1】 _ b)Different cultural identities in the mixed crowd II. General advice for cross-cultural communication(CCC) a)Do not base actions on【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ b)Watch for the other【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ c)Expect【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ d)Dont feel【 T5】 _because of the mistakes【 T5】 _ III. Three key tips for CCC a)Kee
4、p the conversation【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ Asking friendly questions can make people【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ b)Dont assume where someone is from by his/her【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ Someone with a British accent might come from a dozen of countries c)Respond to a personal question by avoiding it with【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ If youre pressed
5、 for specifics, simply【 T10】 _ it.【 T10】 _ IV. A(n)【 T11】 _-Jeffs mistakes【 T11】 _ a)He addressed Lora by her first name without【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ b)He forced Lora into an uncomfortable【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ c)He assumed Lora was from【 T14】 _ or Mexico【 T14】 _ d)He made himself a fool by assuming that Lora
6、didnt know some people think bullfighting is cruel Lora had never been to【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 Cross Cultural Advertising A successful cross cultural advertising campaign
7、 largely depends on effective cross cultural communication, which requires a deep understanding of a particular culture. There are several areas of cross cultural differences that are important to advertising. I. Language in cross cultural advertising a)【 T1】 _ of company or product names and slogan
8、s【 T1】 _ Fords introduction of “Pinto“ in【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ b)Cultural【 T3】 _ must also be analysed【 T3】 _ II. 【 T4】 _in cross cultural advertising【 T4】 _ a)Aim: potential customers can【 T5】 _the ads【 T5】 _ b)Examples: 【 T6】 _: USA【 T6】 _ Assume that listeners are【 T7】 _ background information【 T7】 _ Im
9、plicit communicator Japan Assume that listeners are well informed III. Colours, numbers and images in cross cultural advertising 1. Colours: a)Lucky colours: red in China b)Unlucky colours:【 T8】 _ in Japan【 T8】 _ c)Colours having【 T9】 _:【 T9】 _ Green in Islam Colours with tribal associations in Afri
10、ca 2. Numbers: a)13 is unlucky in USA or UK b)【 T10】 _ are unlucky in Japan【 T10】 _ 3. Images: Bikinis are commonplace in London but【 T11】 _in Middle East【 T11】 _ IV. 【 T12】 _in cross cultural advertising【 T12】 _ a)【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ b)【 T14】 _ society【 T14】 _ Stress the word “I“ c)【 T15】 _ and hierar
11、chical societies【 T15】 _ Avoid rebelliousness or lack of respect for authority d)Political or economic ideology 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 181答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
12、In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and sem
13、antically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Cross-Cultural Communication Tips for Americans Good morning everyone. Today we are going to talk about the practical tips in cross-cultural communication. There are m
14、illions of people living in the United States who were born abroad and chose to make a new life in America. There are also plenty of people who were born here, but are part of a culture that differs from mainstream American culture. Its no wonder that we take pride in being a society in which people
15、 from all nations and cultures can live. But too often, Americans only consider their own side of interactions between cultures.1Instead of the old expression that described American society as a “melting pot,“ its more accurate today to compare it to a “salad bowl,“ in which different people are mi
16、xed together, but maintain their unique cultural identities. Members of all cultures need to take care to understand and accommodate each other.2The worst thing you can do when speaking with someone from another culture is to base your actions on assumptions. Our advice for cross-cultural communicat
17、ion can be boiled down to one rule: Dont assume anything! Instead, you should learn how to ask around a sensitive topic and3watch for your conversation partners reaction. Often you can find the information youre looking for without making the person feel that youre expecting a stereotype.4The other
18、essential component of cross-cultural communication is to expect some misunderstandings. Often we regard standards and rules of our culture as universal only to be offended and shocked when someone violates those standards. A few mistakes are bound to occur.5Dont feel awkward from the other persons
19、perspective, youre the one whos from a different culture. Chances are the same questions and hesitations that are going through your mind are going through the other persons as well. Here are three important tips you could follow in order to avoid awkwardness in cross-cultural communication. Key Tip
20、 1 Take the initiative and introduce yourself, and if the conversation lags,6do your best to push it along.7People can sometimes feel a little shy when immersed in a different culture because theyre afraid of doing or saying the wrong thing or they just feel different from everyone else.7Asking frie
21、ndly questions is a good way to draw people out of their shells. Key Tip 2 Its difficult to tell a persons native country by the accent. Someone may speak with what sounds like a British accent, but could actually be from South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, India, Canada,
22、 Ghana, Belize, Hong Kong, Zimbabwe or any other of the dozens of independent nations or protectorates that were once British colonies. Another example is Spanish, which is the most widely spoken romance language in the world. Its the official language of Spain and much of Latin America And dont for
23、get that more than 14 million people in the United States speak Spanish as their primary language, and many of them are American-born.8Making assumptions about someones native country just because of an accent is risky. Play it safe and give the person an opportunity to share this information with y
24、ou. Key Tip 3 Topics that you might consider personal, like your income or dating life, may be suitable for conversation in someone elses culture. Rather than taking offense, try to let it slide. Questions like these are well-meaning attempts to make conversation with you or to learn more about your
25、 culture.9If a question is too personal, deflect it by making your answer broad and general. Instead of saying “I make $40,000 a year,“ say “People in my field usually make anywhere from $30,000 to $60,000 a year.“10If youre pressed for specifics, then you can gently give an answer like, “Thats a to
26、pic that I dont feel comfortable discussing,“ and move on to a new area. Now, lets look at a cross-cultural interaction gone wrong:11Jeff is introduced to one of his companys new consultants, Lora. As Lora smiles and says hello, Jeff notices her dark skin and Spanish accent. As they make small talk,
27、 Jeff realizes that Loras still calling him Mr. Williams. He decides to help break the ice and call Lora by her first name as often as he can. In an attempt to warm her up, he asks if shes been to any good bullfights lately. When she balks, he mentions an article describing the cruelty of bullfighti
28、ng, and then he invites her to a basketball game so that she can see some real American sports. How did Jeff do? Well, he violated most of our rules: First of all,12he assumed that he could address her by her first name without asking if it was okay to do so. Next in order,13he tried to force her in
29、to a degree of familiarity that made her uncomfortable. Thirdly,14by asking her about bullfighting, he assumed she was from Spain or Mexico. Loras from Chile, which doesnt allow bullfighting. Finally, he made himself look a little foolish when he talked to her as if she didnt know that some people r
30、egard bullfighting as cruel and15by assuming that Lora had never been to a basketball game before. OK I think we all understand the importance of sticking to the tips we have shared. Remember that people from different countries, even other English-speaking nations, probably wont speak, dress, act,
31、or even eat the same way you do. Dont assume that someone from another country, or another culture, shares your values and attitudes, no matter how firmly you believe in them, or how widely held you think they are. Expect and respect cultural differences. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 salad bowl 【试题解析 】 该题要求
32、填写美国社会的正确比喻。原文提到，过去美国社会被称作 “大熔炉 ”，但是现在更准确的称呼是 “色拉碗 ”。一些简单的专有名词是常见考点，要注意做笔记。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 assumptions 【试题解析】 该题要求填写跨文化交际时不该有的行为。原文提到，与不同文化背景的人打交道时，最糟糕的是把个人的行为举止建立在设想 (assumptions)之上。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 partners reaction 【试题解析】 录音 提到，要学习如何询问一个敏感性的话题，并且在交谈中要留意观察对方的反应。因此本题应填入 partners reaction
33、。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 (some)misunderstandings 【试题解析】 该题要求填写跨文化交际的第三个建议。原文提到，跨文化交际的另外一个重要因素是应预料到误解会发生。这里 some可省略不写。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 awkward 【试题解析】 录音提到，当一些人侵犯我们通常认为的文化标准和准则的时候 ，我们会感觉到被侵犯和震惊。一些小错误肯定会出现，但是不要为之感到局促不安，因为我们是来自不同文化的人。因此本题应填入 awkward。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 moving 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对要点的把握和整合
34、综合信息的能力。怎样避免跨文化交流中出现尴尬的情况，讲座提出了三个建议。第一个建议就是与他人交谈中应主动介绍自己，如果对话停滞不前，应该尽力地去推进对话的进行。录音原文是 push it along，根据提纲的提示 keep，此处应填入 moving。 【知识 模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 become less shy/become more friendly 【试题解析】 原文提到，人们有时会因文化差异在交谈时显得羞怯，问一些友好的问题能让人放松，变得不那么拘谨 (drawpeople out of their shells)。这里如果按原文填写，会超字数，故填其同义转换 becom
35、e less shy或 become more friendly。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 accent 【试题解析】 根据原文 “我们 不能单纯靠口音来推测某人是来自哪个国家的 ”，可知填 accent。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 a broad answer a general answer 【试题解析】 该题考查怎样回避一些私人的问题。原文用例子解释如何用一些泛化的回答来应对私人问题。故填 a broad answer或 a general answer均可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 decline refuse 【试题解析】 该题无
36、法从原文直接获得答案，需根据文意进行概括。由 原文Thats a topic that I dont feel comfortablediscussing和 move on to a new area可推出演讲者建议婉拒回答问题。故填 decline或 refuse。考生要学会在理解原文的基础上整合信息。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 case study 【试题解析】 本题考查考生综合概括信息的能力。讲座录音在阐述完最后一个建议后，紧接着提出一个出现跨文化交流问题的案例。根据提纲空格后出现的破折号及 Jeffs mistakes，可推测此处应填入概括性词语，故填入 case s
37、tudy。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 her consent/her agreement/Loras consent/Loras agreement 【试题解析】 该题要求填写 Jeff所犯的第一个错误。如果按原文 without asking if it was okay to do so填写会超字数需概括为 her consent或 her agreement。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案 】 familiarity 【试题解析】 本题考查案例中 Jeff在跨文化交流中出现的第二个错误。录音提到， Jeff尝试拉近他与 Lora之间的距离，增加熟悉度，但是这
38、让 Lora不自在。因此本题应填入 familiarity。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 Spain 【试题解析】 该题考查 Jeff所犯的第三点错误，即凭空猜想 Lora是来自西班牙或墨西哥。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 a basketball game 【试题解析】 这里问 Jeff让自己出丑的另一个原因。原文提到，他先人为主，认为 Lora从来没有看过篮球比赛，填 a basketball game。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 Cross Cultural Advertising Good morning, everyone. Toda
39、y, we are going to talk about the role cultures play in advertising, particularly how cross culture communication can be applied in advertising. Culture affects everything we do. This applies to all areas of human life from personal relationships to conducting business abroad. When interacting withi
40、n our native cultures, culture acts as a framework of understanding. However, when interacting with different cultures this framework no longer applies due to cross cultural differences. Cross cultural communication aims to help minimise the negative impact of cross cultural differences through buil
41、ding common frameworks for people of different cultures to interact within. In business, cross cultural solutions are applied in areas such as human resources, team building, foreign trade, negotiations and website design. Cross cultural communication solutions are also critical to effective cross c
42、ultural advertising. Services and products are usually designed and marketed at a domestic audience. When a product is then marketed at an international audience the same domestic advertising campaign abroad will in most cases be ineffective. As we all know, the essence of advertising is convincing
43、people that a product is meant for them. By purchasing it, they will receive some benefit, whether itll be lifestyle, status, convenience or financial. However, when an advertising campaign is taken abroad different values and perceptions as to what enhances status or gives convenience exist. These
44、differences make the original advertising campaign defunct. It is therefore critical to any cross cultural advertising campaign that an understanding of a particular culture is acquired. I am going to explain the areas of cross cultural differences in advertising and illustrate my points with a few
45、examples. First of all, language in cross cultural advertising. It may seem somewhat obvious to state that language is key to effective cross cultural advertising.1However, the fact that companies persistently fail to check linguistic implications of company or product names and slogans demonstrates
46、 that such is-sues are not being properly addressed. The advertising world is Uttered with examples of linguistic cross cultural blunders.2Of the more comical was Fords introduction of the “Pinto“ in Brazil. After seeing sales fail, they soon realised that this was due to the fact that Brazilians di
47、d not want to be seen driving a car meaning “tiny male genitals“.3Language must also be analysed for its cultural suitability. For example, the slogan employed by the computer games manufacturer, EA Sports, “Challenge Everything“ raises grumbles of disapproval in religious or hierarchical societies
48、where harmonious relationships are maintained through the values of respect and non-confrontation. It is imperative therefore that language be examined carefully in any cross cultural advertising campaign. 4Second, communication style in cross cultural advertising.5Understanding the way in which other cultures communicate allows the advertising campaign to speak to the potential customers in a way they understand and appreciate. For example, communication styles can be explicit or implicit.6/7An expl
