1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 185及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Non-Verbal Communications Across Cultures Non-verbal communications can affirm, complement or even contradict what is being ve
3、rbally transmitted. In addition to this, non-verbal communications vary from country to country. I. Gesture Pointing a)Pointing with a single finger is considered【 T1】 _ in Asia【 T1】 _ b)American people use【 T2】 _ fingers to point【 T2】 _ c)German people use pinky to point d)In UK, flashing a peace s
4、ign with the back of ones hand is an 【 T3】 _ of flipping someone the bird【 T3】 _ Greeting a)USA:【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ b)Somewhere else: a kiss II. Eye Contact West: direct eye contact is【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ African-Americans: more eye contact when speaking, less when listening Anglo-Americans:【 T6】 _African-Amer
5、icans【 T6】 _ Northern Europe: more flirtatious facets Middle East: prolonged eye contact means to show【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ Some Asian countries: avoiding eye contact means to show【 T8】 _【 T8】_ III. Physical Contact Americans will shake hands,【 T9】 _, upon encountering someone【 T9】_ Islamic cultures:【 T10】
6、 _ is not allowed【 T10】 _ Asian cultures: touching the head is considered【 T11】 _ the soul【 T11】_ IV.【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ Some cultures think Americans do not bathe【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ Some think Americans over-bathe themselves V. Time 【 T14】 _ is highly valued in Switzerland, Germany and Sweden【 T14】 _ Eur
7、opeans:【 T15】 _ of vacation is the norm【 T15】 _ Americans: 2 weeks is the norm 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 Cross-Cultural Communication Multiculturalism is a reality in North America. It is, th
8、erefore, important to know how to bridge cultural differences in our communications. Here are some of the tips to help with the cross-cultural communication. I. Dont expect cultures are the same II. South Texas customs Stand at a(n)【 T1】 _ angle【 T1】 _ Eyes are cast down to or out across【 T2】 _【 T2】
9、 _ Say “Pleased to know you“ Dont【 T3】 _ with women【 T3】 _ San Antonio: women have haute hug III. Bow Cambodia and Laos: bow as if they are【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ Japan: the deeper you bow, the more【 T5】 _ you are【 T5】 _ Korea: prefer bowing to handshaking Thai: bow with【 T6】 _ together【 T6】 _ IV. Hugging Pe
10、ople from Hawaii, Greece and【 T7】 _ greet by hugging【 T7】 _ V. Kiss Cuba: kissing means approval Middle east: shake hands before they exchange kisses on cheeks; Dont shake hands with women unless she【 T8】 _to you【 T8】 _ People from Eastern Europe, Portugal, Spain and Italy often kiss male friends on
11、 the cheek VI. Postures Middle East: Sitting with your legs crossed is【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ To show someone the sole is to【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ VII. Handshaking Most of the world does not greet by shaking hands Britain: brief but【 T11】 _ handshake【 T11】 _ France: light grip, a single and quick handshake Germany
12、: one firm pump then【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ Germany and France: more than one handshake means【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ VIII. Mirroring gestures Begin with【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ Wait and mirror other partys gesture When in doubt, youd better be【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ Dont assume others follow their traditional greetings 16 【 T1】
13、 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 185答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lect
14、ure, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling ta
15、sk. 0 【听力原文】 Non-Verbal Communications Across Cultures Good morning, everyone. Let me welcome you to the lecture “series of language and communication“. Last time, we talked about verbal communication. Today, we are going to focus on non-verbal communication across cultures. As we know, the Euro-zon
16、e is in a tizzy. Greeces economy has tanked and is being bailed out by countries with different attitudes and understanding about money. Though they now share a monetary system, different countries have different ways of communicating. Its not just about the words they speak. Its also about the non-
17、verbal communications. Issues of cultural background, regional variations, gender and personal idiolect come into play in non-verbal as well as verbal communications. In linguistics, an idiolect is a variety of a language u-nique to an individual. The truth is that our actions do speak at least as l
18、oudly, if not, more loudly than our words. Nonverbal communications can affirm, complement or even contradict what is being verbally transmitted. One of the issues people run into with e-mail is that the person sending the message knows the intended message is meant to be funny or sarcastic. Without
19、 the non-verbal clues, the person receiving the message may take the message seriously. First of all, about gesture. Among the most potent forms of non-verbal communications is gesture. There are too many differences in gestures to handle them in a meaningful way here. Some examples of gestures that
20、 may not translate include pointing.1Pointing with a single finger is considered rude in many Asian cultures. Better there to indicate direction by gesturing with a whole hand. Even among those cultures that use a single finger to point, there is variation.2In the US , we use the index finger to poi
21、nt. In Germany, using the pinky to point is common. The gesture that Americans use to indicate everything is okay, is a very offensive gesture in many parts of the world. Even very similar cultures have differences in gestural norms. When George Bush visited Australia, he flashed them a V-for victor
22、y/peace sign from his limo. The gesture is normally done with the palm facing out, but for most Americans, it does not matter.3President Bush, unfortunately made the sign with the back of his hand facing towards the crowd. In Australia and in the UK , this is an equivalent of flipping someone the bi
23、rd, or saying “Up yours.“ In America and in most parts of Europe, showing someone a closed fist with your thumb sticking in the air is a sign of approval. In many Asian or Islamic parts of the world, it is an insulting gesture.4While in the USA men greeting each other with a handshake is the norm, i
24、n other parts of the world they might greet each other with a kiss. There are cultures that consider two men walking hand-in-hand as standard behavior. In the U-nited States, two men holding hands would indicate a romantic relationship. Second, about eye contact. Eye contact can indicate degree of a
25、ttention or interest. It can be used to indicate attraction, to establish power, indicate emotion, and influence attitude.5Some western cultures perceive direct eye contact as a positive trait. Children are encouraged to look the person addressing them in the eye. However, in a country as diverse as
26、 the USA, that is not a universal truth.6African-Americans tend to use more eye contact when they are speaking, but less when they are listening; Anglo-Americans tend to use more eye contact when listening, but less when speaking. Attitudes in Northern Europe such as Spain, France and Germany, tend
27、to be similar to the Anglo-American norms for eye-contact in the US. However, eye-contact in those areas has more flirtatious facets than in the US.7In the Middle East, many cultures make prolonged eye contact when in conversation. They believe it shows interest and allows them to read the truthfuln
28、ess of the person with whom theyre speaking. That said, religious laws change the rules about what is appropriate in terms of eye-contact between a man and woman.8In certain parts of Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia avoiding eye contact is the way to show respect. Extended eye-contact in the
29、se cultures may be taken as disrespectful or a challenge to authority. Thirdly, about physical contact. Different cultures have different rules for physical contact. Norms for the type of contact, the length of contact and the persons involved in contact vary. Upon encountering an individual, even a
30、 stranger, Americans shake hands as the norms.9In certain situations, hugging upon meeting is acceptable. Some American women will greet each other with a kiss. A peck on the cheek is acceptable between men and women. American women will shake hands in business situations, but are likely to hug in s
31、ocial situations outside of the workplace. In certain demographics, the “hand bump“ has become the proper greeting.10Islamic cultures generally do not approve of touching between genders, though many Islamic men who do business internationally have learned to adopt more western customs in dealing wi
32、th women. Touching on the hood is considered disrespectful by African Americans.11Many Asian cultures do not allow touching on the head as it houses the soul and a touch on the head can put the soul in peril. 12Next, about odors.13Some cultures such as Filipino, Malay, Indonesian, Thai and Indian th
33、ink that Americans do not bathe sufficiently. Americans have multibillion dollar industries to protect them from bodily odors. Other cultures think Americans are ridiculous and consider bodily odors more normal. Last but not least, about time. Anyone who has travelled by train in Europe knows that14
34、in certain countries like Switzerland, Germany and Sweden, trains run on exact schedules. In other countries, train schedules seem to be mere suggestions.14There are cultures that value punctuality more than others. The French protect their 36 hour work week jealously.15For many Europeans, 6 weeks o
35、f vacation is the norm. Americans consider two weeks the norm. OK. Ive outlined five aspects of non-verbal communication across cultures. As globalization continues, people from around the world connect more easily. Though we master one anothers language, there is more to how we communicate than jus
36、t the words we speak. I hope these tips will help you in your future encounters with foreign friends. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 rude 【试题解析】 本题考查在亚洲文化里，用一只手指指方向会给人什么样的感觉。讲座中很清楚地提到这使人觉得 “粗鲁 ”。因此这里填 rude。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 index 【试题解析】 本题考查美国人一般会用哪只手指示意。讲座中提到美国人一般会用食指 (index finger)来示意。因此这里填 index。 【知识模块
37、】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 equivalent 【试题解析】 讲座举了布什总统的例子，说他在示意 “胜利 ”手势的时候，手背向着观众。在澳大利亚和英国，这等同于向某人竖中指。因此填 equivalent。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 handshake 【试题解析】 本题考查美国人打招呼的方式。讲座中提到美国人互相打招呼时的惯例是握手，因此，此处应填入 handshake一词，与下面的 kiss对应。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 positive/encouraged 【试题解析】 本题考查在一些西方文化里人们对直接眼神接触的看法。讲座中提到，直接的眼神接触是
38、正面的，人们也会鼓励孩子说话的时候直视对方。填positive或 encouraged均可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 opposite to 【试题解析】 本题考查英裔美国人对眼神接触的看法。讲座中提到，非裔美国人在讲话时眼神接触更多，而听人说话时眼神接触相对比较少；接着讲到英裔美国人的情况，说他们更喜欢在听别人讲话时使用更多的眼神接触，反而说话时较少，由此可以看出这两 种人的情况是相反的，则此处应填入 opposite to。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 interest 【试题解析】 对中东人来说，长时间注视对方表示感兴趣。本题属于细节题，做笔记过程中要多留
39、意文中所举的例子，这是常见考点。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 respect 【试题解析】 在非洲、拉丁美洲和一些亚洲地区，避开眼神接触表示尊重。讲座中连续列举了多个地方名，做笔记时要多加以留意。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 hug or kiss 【试题解析】 讲座中讲到美国人见到其他人时，甚至是陌生人时，通常都会握手。在某些情形下，拥抱也是可以接受的。有些美国女性打招呼时还会亲吻对方。故概括来讲，本题应填入 hug or kiss. 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 touching between genders 【试题解析】 讲座中提到，在伊斯兰文
40、化里，两性之间的接触是不允许的。因此这里填 touching between genders。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 endangering 【试题解析】 讲座中提到一些亚洲文化认为触摸头部会把灵魂置于危险的境地。这里需把原文 putin peril 转换为 endangering。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 Odo(u)rs 【试题解析】 本题考查跨文化非语言交际的第四个方面。题目给的例子是其他文化对美国人洗澡的看法。讲座中也明确提到这是 “体味 ”的例子，故填 Odo(u)rs。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 sufficiently
41、【试题解析】 讲座中提到诸如菲律 宾、马来、印尼等地方的文化认为美国人洗澡洗得不够充分，即认为美国人体味过重，故填入 sufficiently一词。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 Punctuality 【试题解析】 讲座里提到在瑞士、德国和瑞典，火车会非常准时。同时下文也提到有些国家文化比较重视守时，由此可推断瑞士、德国和瑞典属于这一类文化，故本空填入 Punctuality。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 6 weeks 【试题解析】 讲座提到在大多数欧洲人看来， 6周的假期是标准假 期，而美国人认为 2周的时间才是标准假期，故本题填入 6weeks，注意复数形
42、式。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 Cross-Cultural Communication Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about cross-cultural communication. As we know, multicultural-ism is a reality in North America and for those of us who do business globally. The US has more legal immigrants yearly than all the
43、other countries in the world combined. Also there are vast cultural differences among “native“ North Americans living in the US and Canada for several generations, as you know if youve done business with a New Yorker or with a Texan. Culture is not ethnic or racial. It is learned and of course each
44、culture is different. Treat everyone like a unique individual, as you would like to be treated, dont get hung up on stereotypes. Develop your emotional intelligence so you can be more intuitive about how to communicate with, negotiate with, and provide services and products for people from cultural
45、backgrounds other than your own. I offer some tips below, and yet they are not universal in all cultures, but I am sure they are helpful to a lesser or greater degree. 1. I repeat, do not expect everyone in a culture to be the same! 2. In South Texas,1if youre talking to a male, they will often stan
46、d at a 90 degree angle to you. If you move to reorient, a “dance“ will begin. This is a markedly non-intimate position,2and often the eyes are cast down to the floor or out across the floor. South Texans generally say “Pleased to know you,“ while Mid Westerners say, “Pleased to meet you“ or “Pleased
47、 to make your acquaintance.“3In social settings in South Texas, it is not customary to shake hands with women. Other San Antonio cultural customs in San Antonio society, we have the haute hug two women will parody a hug, not touching any part of their bodies, and just patting one another lightly on
48、the back. As a sign of affection, when you shake hands, sometimes you cover the other persons hand with your left hand and pat or squeeze with warm eye contact. This is particularly done with respected older people. 3. People from Asian cultures bow in greeting, but the bows are different.4People from Cambodia and Laos bow with both hands together in front of the chest, as if praying.5In Japan, the depth of the bow signifies the level of respect for the other party. Many Koreans p
