1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 186及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Hot Spots in Cross Cultural Communication I.【 T1】 _Conversations【 T1】 _ Modes of address 【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ Levels of deference to
3、 age or social position Acceptable ways to conclude 【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ II. Taking Turns During Conversations Some cultures: take turns in a(n)【 T4】 _ way【 T4】 _ Others: response might be regarded as a challenge or a humiliation, depending on a)the context of the conversation b)【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ c)the level
4、s of personal knowledge/relationship Example: western give and take in a public market III. Interrupting Interruption, vocal and emotional expression are considered to be the default conversational style for those considered to be equals and for【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ Northern European or American extract: a
5、rgument and hostility IV. Use of Silence Silence: a sign of【 T7】 _ and deference【 T7】 _ a sign of hostility In the west:【 T8】 _ seconds silence is terribly long【 T8】 _ V. Appropriate Topics of Conversation Vulgar: speak openly about money, intimate【 T9】 _ issues【 T9】 _ Travelers or businessmen shoul
6、d learn【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ VI. Use of Humor In the west: use humor to【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ Some other cultures: humor is a sign of disrespect VII. Knowing How Much to Say In the west: less is more Some other places: a【 T12】 _ wrap-up【 T12】 _ Factors to determine how much to say: a)Age b)【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ c)C
7、ulture VIII. Sequencing Elements During Conversation When to bring up more【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ When to ask for directions Ask the right question in the right way at【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 1
8、5 【 T15】 15 French Culture French culture has been known for the resilience of its people and aesthetic sense in cinema, cuisine and fashion. There are seven aspects of French culture that can give people a taste of it. I. Cultural Identity A(n)【 T1】 _ of diverse cultures【 T1】 _ Unique appeal: ethni
9、city, geography and the French language Historical influence: the Franco-Prussian feud, WWI and WWII 【 T2】 _: Chauvinism【 T2】 _ II. Customs and Traditions Regional differences: linguistic tradition,【 T3】 _, fashion, etc.【 T3】 _ Renaissance: A【 T4】 _: broad-mindedness【 T4】 _ B. Family structure: nucl
10、ear family Cultural policies: preservation of French【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ A. Secular and non-secular educational institutions B. National museums C.【 T6】 _.【 T6】 _ III. Language and Religion Language: A Follows a predetermined official “【 T7】 _“ standard【 T7】 _ B. Widely spoken across the globe Religion: A
11、. Secular B. Principle of “【 T8】 _“【 T8】 _ IV. Cuisine Haute cuisine Vital components:【 T9】 _and wine【 T9】 _ Distinctive components: croissants and fruit yogurt Wines: Bordeaux,【 T10】 _ and Bourgogne French wines【 T10】 _ V. Sport National sport【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ Popular sports: basketball, tennis and
12、sailing Tour de France Grand Slam French Open Grand Prix racing, fencing, etc. VI. Fashion Dedicated couturier houses, fashion shows and dedicated media like “Elle“ History: A. 1960s: youngsters criticized and【 T12】 _ high fashion【 T12】 _ B. 1966: mass【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ C. Post-1968: “hippy“ look D. 1
13、970s and 80s: new trends established E. 1990s: French couture houses were【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ under luxury giants and multinationals VII. Art Painting: A The Lascaux cave paintings B. Nicolas Poussin, etc.: Immortalized【 T15】 _ and French culture【 T15】 _ Music: folk, Latin American, hip hop, rock and te
14、chno-funk genres 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 186答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While l
15、istening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to p
16、review the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Hot Spots in Cross Cultural Communication Good morning everyone. Today I am going to talk about some hot spots in cross cultural communication. When working with other people, or traveling abroad for work or pleasure, it may pay to ask some experts about the fol
17、lowing communication styles of the area you plan to visit. A little research at the outset can stave off a host of misunderstandings. Today, I am going to cover right aspects and provide some heads-up in dealing with the tricky situations in cross cultural communication. 1.1Opening and Closing Conve
18、rsations: Different cultures may have different customs around who addresses whom, when and how, and who has the right, or even the duty, to speak first, and what is the proper way to conclude a conversation. Think about it: no matter where you are, some ways of commencing a conversation or concludi
19、ng one will be considered as rude, even disrespectful. These are artificial customs, to a certain degree, and there is probably no universally right or wrong way to go about these things, short of behaviors that all cultures would likely consider to be vulgar or abusive.2This topic includes modes of
20、 address, salutations, levels of deference to age or social position, acceptable ways to conclude gracefully and so on.3Obviously, and to the dismay of many of us in the West, this will also cover gender differences. 2. Taking Turns During Conversations:4In some cultures, it is more appropriate to t
21、ake turns in an interactive way, and in others, it is more important to listen thoroughly and without comment, without immediate response, lest a response be taken as a challenge or a humiliation,5particularly depending on the context of the conversation, the audience, and the levels of personal kno
22、wledge/relationship between the two people interacting. For example, a Western couple or pair of executives may feel perfectly comfortable interacting in a give and take way in a public market, but if that public market is in a part of the world where such a public display of give and take is consid
23、ered to be in bad taste, then they may be giving offense without ever realizing it. 3. Interrupting: The same issues arise over the issue of interrupting.6In some cultures, interruption, vocal, emotional expression, etc. are considered to be the default conversational style, particularly among those
24、 considered to be equals, or among men. Many people of Northern European or American extract might mistake this kind of conversation for argument and hostility, but that would not be the case. 4. Use of Silence:7In some forms of communication, silence is to be expected before a response, as a sign o
25、f thoughtfulness and deference to the original speaker, yet at other times, silence may be experienced as a sign of hostility.8In the West, twenty seconds of silence during a meeting is an extraordinarily long time, and people will feel uncomfortable with that. Someone invariably will break in to en
26、d the uncomfortable silence. But the same customs around silence are not universal. 5. Appropriate Topics of Conversation:9In some places, it is considered vulgar to speak openly about money, for example, let alone about the kinds of intimate family issues that commonly form the basis of afternoon t
27、elevision “talk“ shows in the West.10Travelers or business people should learn the customs that surround the making of deals, the transaction of commerce, and the degree to which details are specified in advance and enumerated in writing across cultures. Not all places are as prone to hire lawyers a
28、nd create detailed contracts as we are in the West. 6. Use of Humor11In the West, we often try to build immediate rapport through humor, but of course, this is not u-niversally seen to be appropriate in all contexts. The use of laughter can be experienced as a sign of disrespect by some, and so it i
29、s important to understand that this is another area where misunderstandings can be very likely to occur. 7. Knowing How Much to Say: In some places, less is definitely more,12whereas in other places, it is more valued to wrap a rather small point up in a longer preamble, followed by an extended wrap
30、-up. For Westerners, this can be maddening, as we tend to value speaking directly and to the point. Then again, there are clearly circumstances where Westerners say too much and lose their ability to communicate well, depending on the context.13Of course, patterns around presumed areas of deference
31、based on age and social standing can influence how much is appropriate to say, depending on the culture. 8. Sequencing Elements During Conversation:14At what point during a conversation or negotiation is it appropriate to touch upon more sensitive issues? Or how soon in a conversation is it appropri
32、ate simply to ask for directions? All cultures develop customs through which sensitive issues can be addressed in a way that connotes respect to all involved and those systems are all different from one another. Thats why it is important to understand the influence that sequence has on effectiveness
33、. For us in the West, think about the process of asking, or being asked out on a date a very Western process and one whose customs can be very fluid indeed.15The right question, asked in the right way, but asked too soon or too late, according to custom, can connote very different things to the list
34、ener, and highly influence subsequent behavior. Sequencing and timing do matter. OK I think I have covered up the eight points, but let me remind you this is not an exhaustive checklist. Rather, it is a collection of tips for you to check against when you are dealing with people from other cultural
35、backgrounds. Of course, these tips only set you on the direction of a quest or a research, the journey of which shall be undertaken with extensive consultancy work. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 Opening and Closing 【试题解析】 本题考查讲座第一条要点内容 开放式与封闭式的会话。因此本题填入 Opening and Closing，注意实词的首字母需要大写。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】
36、Salutations 【试题解析】 本题考查会话开始与结束时应涵盖的内容。讲座中一并列举了称呼的方式、打招呼、对年龄以及社会地位的尊重程度、得体结束谈话等，这里填Salutations。讲座中并列列举的信息是常 见考点，应做好详细的笔记。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 Gender differences 【试题解析】 本题考查的内容与上一题是并列的，是列举信息中的最后一点，也是令许多西方人沮丧的一点：性别差异 (Gender differences)。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 interactive 【试题解析】 讲座中提到，在一些文化中，以互动的形式轮流交谈
37、更合适。因此本题填入 interactive。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 the audience 【试题解析】 会话过程中的回应是否被视为挑战或羞辱取决于三点：会话的背景、观众以及说话人之间的熟悉程度或关系。题目缺少的信息为 the audience。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 men 【试题解析】 本题考查对于哪部分人而言打断插话是默认的说话方式。讲座中提到两类：一类是那些被认为平等的人，另外一类是男人。故答案为 men。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 thoughtfulness 【试题解析】 本题考查沉默在一 些文化里的象征。沉默被视为是对发
38、言人说话的沉思和尊敬。对某一信息点的解释和定义是常见考点，要做好笔记。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 20/twenty 【试题解析】 本题考查考生记取细节信息的能力。在西方， 20秒的沉默是十分长的。数字是常见考点，做笔记时最好用阿拉伯数字记下，可以节省时间。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 family 【试题解析】 在一些地方，某些话题被认为是粗鄙的，如公开讨论金钱，更不用说那些私人的家庭事情。记笔记时应同时记下逻辑 连接词，文中的 let alone是关键信息，提醒后面内容与前面是并列的。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 the customs 【试题
39、解析】 本题关于跨文化交流的合适话题。讲座提到，游客或商务人士应该提前了解有关做生意、商务交易等的习惯。因此本题应填入 the customs。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 build immediate rapport relationship 【试题解析】 本题考查幽默在西方的作用。西方人通常会用幽默来迅速建立关系。这里填 build immediate rapport或 buildimmediate relationship均可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 lengthy/prolonged 【试题解析】 讲座中提到一些地方很重视长篇大论地总结一个细小的
40、观点，而且还要加一个冗长的小结 (an extended wrap一 up)。由于空白处前有 a，故需用extended的同义词 lengthy或 prolonged替换。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 Social standing 【试题解析】 本题考查决定说多少的一些因素。讲座录音提到，人的年龄、社会地位和文化会影响与他人交谈时说多少话才合适。本题应填入 Social standing。注意首字母大写。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 sensitive issues 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对文意的理解及细节的把握。讲座提到最后一个要点对会话中的要素排序。要
41、素包括什么时候提出敏感话题，谈话中什么时候才合适直接问路。根据提纲，本题填入 sensitive issues。 【 知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 the right time 【试题解析】 本题考查考生综合信息的能力。正确的问题要用正确的方式来提问，但是如果问得太早或问得太晚，在不同的风俗里会引起听众不同的解读。这里需将 too soon or too late归纳为 the right time。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 French Culture Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our le
42、cture “series of international cultures“. Last time, we talked about British culture. Today, we will focus on the French culture. France has been the center of culture since the seventeenth century. It has been recognized for the resilience of its people and aesthetic sense in cinema, cuisine and of
43、 course, fashion. The influence of a number of socioeconomic differences and that of regional geography have survived military onslaught through its inherent unifying tendency. Facts about the culture of France highlight beliefs and values that have earned recognition via material arts and artifacts
44、 and interactions between communities. I am going to highlight seven aspects of French culture to give you a taste of it. 1.1Cultural Identity. France is today the melting pot of diverse cultures. However, it still retains its own unique appeal when it comes to ethnicity, geography and the French la
45、nguage. The once segregated local customs arising out of regional differences have matured to become a cultural identity that is unique to the heterogeneity. The culture of France has been largely influenced by mandatory defense service, the Franco-Prussian feud and World War I and World War n. The
46、two world wars were responsible for the influx of cultural influences and centralized market forces. Today, the people of France symbolize collective identity.2The culture is characteristic of “chauvinism“, a term widely used all over the orient and Occident, integrated politics, universalism and th
47、e popular French grandeur. The latter offers a distinctive identity to the world of fashion and cuisine. Most modern French people prefer to relate to the term “French“ as a nationality and their language and not a measure of ethnicity, specific to the nation. Immigrants from Africa, Asia and other
48、European countries had made France their home with diverse ethnic ascendancies, resulting in interracial relationships. 2. Customs and Traditions.3The slight regional differences in modern France are displayed in colorful linguistic tradition, religious tolerance, fashion, family structure, industries and cuisine. This lap of the Renaissance is now distinct in social, cultural and political scene of belonging. The modern urbanization and mass media have engraved French culture in regional autonomy and the phrase “la France profonde“,
