1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 195及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 What Are the Functions of Art? I. Context of functions Artist Where and when His or her【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ Viewer What makes sense
3、to you II. Physical functions to perform some【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ Examples: 【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ Japanese raku bowl 【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ Crafts and industrial design III. Social functions Address aspects of collective life e.g. public art in 1930s in Germany and allied countries 【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ not merely to entertain
4、 to【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ to improve our collective existence Artistic forms that have social functions Political art A【 T7】 _ Dada teacup: to protest World War I【 T7】 _ Art that depicts【 T8】 _ conditions【 T8】 _ Realists and photographers Satire To ridicule and to【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ To stop what is happening Fas
5、cination with grotesque IV.【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ To Artists To【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ To feel gratified Provide a(n)【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ To entertain To be meaningless Exert control of time or season Exert control of acquisition of food Bring order Create chaos Therapeutic 【 T13】 _ service【 T13】 _ Maintaining ourse
6、lves as a(n)【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ To Viewers What have been described【 T15】 _viewers as well【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 What is Art? I. Different Opinions on Art Art makes us more thoughtfu
7、l and【 T1】 _people【 T1】 _ a)Graphics on video game b)Makes us laugh or incites us to riot c)An outlet to be creative and to【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ d)Gives us a sense of purpose Art is functional and【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ Desk, table, shoes, coffee cup, other【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ Art is in【 T5】 _; no one could decide what i
8、t is【 T5】 _ a)The former statement is true b)The latter comment is not Art is【 T6】 _ and means differently to everyone【 T6】 _ a)too broad and elusive to define art b)lots of references to cite II. What Is Art -【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ a)Elements of art Colour Value Space 【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ b)【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ Balanc
9、e Contrast 【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ Proportion c)【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ Canvas Brushes 【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ Content a)Artists【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ b)Artists actual message c)Viewers【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ d)Religion e)Political and social influences f)Historial【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ g)Artists use of hallucinogenic substances 16 【 T1】
10、17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 195答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lectu
11、re, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling tas
12、k. 0 【听力原文】 What Are the Functions of Art? Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to touch upon the issue of functions of art. As we all know, our life is not without the existence of art. But what are the functions of art, anyway? In todays lecture, I will first of all give you the context of fu
13、nctions of art and then I will explain personal function, social and physical functions of art. First, lets proceed with this caution: No piece of art can be “assigned“ a function or functions, either in essay form or in casual conversation, if it isnt first considered within the proper context. Try
14、ing to classify function depends on context. Ideally, one can look at a piece and know approximately where it came from and when. The best-case scenario includes identifying the artist, as well, because he/she is half of the contextual equation,1i.e. What was the artist thinking at the time he/she c
15、reated this? You, the viewer, are the other half, i. e. What does this piece of art mean to you, living right now? These are all factors that should be considered before trying to assign functions. Besides, taking anything out of context can lead to misunderstanding, which is never a happy place to
16、visit. That being said, the functions of art normally fall within three categories. These are personal, social or physical functions. These categories can, and often do, overlap in any given piece of art. The physical functions of art are most easily dealt with.2Works of art that are created to perf
17、orm some service have physical functions.3If you see a Fijian war club you may assume that, however wonderful the craftsmanship may be, it was created to perform the physical function of smashing skulls. A Japanese raku bowl is art that performs a physical function in the tea ceremony. Conversely, a
18、 fur-covered teacup from the Dada movement has no physical function.4Architecture, any of the crafts and industrial design are all types of art that have physical functions. Thirdly, the social functions of art. Art has social functions when it addresses aspects of collective life, as opposed to one
19、 persons point of view or experience. For example, public art in 1930s Germany had an overwhelming symbolic theme. Did this art exert influence on the German population? Decidedly so. As did political and patriotic posters in allied countries during the same period of time. Some artists are interest
20、ed in the freedom to solve special problems of style or technique. Others use style and technique to express their social and political views.5They may speak of their artistic responsibility: art does not exist merely to entertain,6it must guide and instruct; it must improve our collective existence
21、. Political art skewed to whatever message always carries a social function.7The fur-covered Dada teacup, useless for holding tea, carried a social function in that it protested World War I and nearly everything else in life.8Art that depicts social conditions performs social functions. The Realists
22、 figured this out early in the 19th century. Dorothea Lange and, indeed, many other photographers often photographed people in conditions wed rather not think about. Additionally, satire performs social functions. Francisco Goya and William Hogarth both went this route, with varying degrees of succe
23、ss at enacting social change.9The social function of satire is to ridicule people and institutions so that they will change, or, at least, stop what they are doing. Satire has roots in our fascination with the grotesque, and making grotesque images of real or imagined people is a universal practice.
24、 10Finally, the personal functions of art are the most difficult to explain in any great detail. There are many of them, and they vary from person to person.11An artist may create out of a need for self-expression, or gratification. He or she might have wanted to communicate a thought or point to th
25、e viewer.12Perhaps the artist was trying to provide an aesthetic experience, both for self and viewers. A piece might have been meant to “merely“ entertain others. Sometimes a piece isnt meant to have any meaning at all. This is vague, I know. The above is a great example of how knowing the artist c
26、an help one “cut to the chase“ and assign functions. On a slightly loftier plane, art may serve the personal functions of control. Art has been used to attempt to exert magical control over time, or the seasons or even the acquisition of food. Art is used to bring order to a messy and disorderly wor
27、ld. Conversely, art can be used to create chaos when an artist feels life is too staid and ordinary. Art can also be therapeutic for both the artist and the viewer.13Yet another personal function of art is that of religious service. Lots of examples for this, arent there?14Lastly, sometimes art is u
28、sed to assist us in maintaining ourselves as a species. Biological functions would obviously include fertility symbols in any culture, but I would also invite scrutiny of the ways we adorn ourselves in order to be attractive enough to, well, mate. You, the viewer, are half of the equation in assigni
29、ng function to art as mentioned earlier.15These personal functions apply to you, as well as the artist. It all adds up to literally billions of variables when trying to figure out the personal functions of art. All right, let me recap the four points required to describe “the functions of art“:(1)co
30、ntext of functions,(2)personal functions,(3)social functions and(4)physical functions. I hope you will have a better and fresher understanding about art by now. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 thoughts 【试题解析】 空格待填的内容对应的是讲座中出现的一个例子。讲座说到，我们要问艺术家在他她创作的时候想的是什么。这里要填一个名词，故把 what was the artist thinking转换为 thoughts(想
31、法 )。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 service 【试题解析】 本题考查艺术实物功能的定义。讲座提到，创作某些艺术作品是为了提供某些服务。这里填 service。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 Fijian war club 【试题 解析】 录音举例说明艺术的实际功能。如果参观斐济一个战争俱乐部，尽管里面的工艺多么精湛，但是你可能想象到建造战争俱乐部是为了展现粉碎了的骨头的实物功能。根据上下提纲，可概括为 Fijian war club。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 Architecture 【试题解析】 举例之处是听音重点，讲座在解释 “实物功能
32、”时举出了一些例子，其中提到建筑物、任何手工艺品和工业设计都具有实物功能。题目缺少的是Architecture。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 artistic responsibilities 【试题解析】 本题考查艺术的社会功能。录音提到艺术肩负的责任，不仅仅是娱乐，它必须能引导和教育大众。根据上下提纲，故此处填入 artistic responsibilities。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 guide and instruct 【试题解析】 本题考查的是艺术肩负的责任的具体内容。讲座提到，艺术的责任不仅仅是娱乐大众，还有引导和教化功能。因此，这里填 guid
33、e and instruct。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 fur-covered 【试题解析】 本题是细节题，考查考生对所举例子的掌握。讲座中提到达达主义里皮毛覆盖的茶杯具有的社会功能：抗议第一次世界大战和几乎生活中的一切。题目考查茶杯的特征。答案为 fur-covered。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 social 【试题解析】 本题考查艺术形式所具有的社会功能。讲座中提到三种：政治艺术、一些描绘社会现状的艺术、反讽。题目需要填的是第二种，填 social。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 enact changes/bring about chang
34、es 【试题解析】 本题考查反讽的社会功能。讲座说到，反讽是通过嘲笑来让人们和社会发生改变。考生在这里需要对词语稍作调整，才能符合题目的句法。这里可以填 enact changes或 bring about changes。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 Personal functions 【试题解析】 本题考查讲座艺术的功能的最后一点，即个人功能。本题应填入Personal functions。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 express themselves 【试题解析】 题目问及对于艺术家而言，艺术的个人功能是什么。讲座提到，艺术品是艺术家为达到自我表达和
35、满足而创作出来的。由于题目空格处需填入的是动词短语，故将 self-expression转变为 express themselves。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 aesthetic experience 【试题解析】 对于艺术家而言，艺术不仅仅为个人还会为观赏者带来审美的体验。因此 填入 aesthetic experience。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 Religious 【试题解析】 本题继续考查艺术的个人功能的具体内容。题目中关键词 service就是一个很好的提示。讲座提到，艺术的个人功能还有宗教服务。故填Religious。 【知识模块】 听力填
36、空 14 【正确答案】 species 【试题解析】 录音提到，有时艺术可以用来帮助我们作为一个物种来维护自己。因此本题填入 species。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正 确答案】 apply to 【试题解析】 本题问的是对观众而言艺术的个人功能有哪些。讲座在最后提到，艺术对于艺术家的个人功能也同样适用于观众。故填 apply to。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 What is Art? Good morning, everyone. Today, we will begin our lecture series about art. The very first t
37、opic of our discussion is “what is art?“ My talk today will be divided into two parts. In the first part of my talk, I will cite some of the opinions on what art is. In the second half of my talk, I will give you my own understanding about art. First of all, different opinions on art. There are seve
38、ral ways you could go on this, but my suspicion is that one will get you better results than the others. I could tell you that art plays a large part in making our lives infinitely rich. Imagine, just for a minute, a world without art! You may think “So what?“ but please consider the impact that lac
39、k of graphics would have on your favourite video game. Art stimulates different parts of our brains to make us laugh or incite us to riot, with a whole gamut of emotions in between.2Art gives us a way to be creative and express ourselves. For some people, art is the entire reason they get out of bed
40、 in the morning.1You could say “Art is something that makes us more thoughtful and well-rounded humans.“ On the other hand, art is such a large part of our everyday lives that we may hardly even stop to think about it. Look at the desk or table where you are, right this minute. Someone designed that
41、. It is art. Your shoes are art. Your coffee cup is art.4All functional design, well done, is art. So,3you could say “Art is something that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing to our eyes.“ Thirdly, some might say5“Art is in a constant state of change, so nobody can really pin down what it
42、 is.“ The constant change part is true, but the not pinning it down part is not going to hold water. It may even raise a comment or two about your being some sort of wisenheimer. Dont go down this route in defining art. Finally, some might even say6“Art is subjective, and means something different t
43、o every single person on earth.“ This, too, is the truth. I would caution against this comment, however, as it would require a stack of paper from here to the moon to cite all of your 6.8 billion references. The comment on subjectiveness is far too elusive to be interesting to readers and audience.
44、After reviewing four kinds of opinions on art, let me share with you my understanding of art. To my best knowledge, art is form and content. “Art is form and content“ means: all art consists of these two things. 7First, form means the elements of art, the principles of design and the actual, physica
45、l materials that the artist has used. Form, in this context, is concrete and fairly easily described no matter which piece of art is under scrutiny. Suppose you are discussing Goyas works The Shootings. You may say: “One half of all art is form. Here is how Goyas The Shootings of May Third, 1808 fit
46、s in.“8You would then go on to provide details about how Goya used color, value, space and line. Thats the elements of art.10You then could mention the balance, contrast, emphasis and proportion he used.9Thats the principles of design. Whats more, you could say:12“He composed the aforementioned elem
47、ents and principles on canvas, using brushes and oil paints“.11Thats the physical materials. The example just given employed a work of Western art, and was written in English. It doesnt take much of a leap in imagination, though, to understand that the concepts behind “form“ could be applied to any
48、piece of art, created anywhere on earth, at any time, using any language. With that, we have successfully covered “form.“ Content, now, gets a little trickier. Content is idea-based and means13what the artist meant to portray, what the artist actually did portray and14how we react, as individuals, to both the messages meant to convey and that were actually conveyed by the artist. Additionally, content includes ways in which a work was influenced by religion, or politics, or society in general, or even the artists
