1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 201及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 How to Write Childrens Literature? The author of Danny the Dragon Meets Jimmy is sharing some of her thoughts about the import
3、ant elements of a good children literature. I.【 T1】 _protagonist【 T1】 _ Children often【 T2】 _ their beloved protagonists【 T2】 _ Popular characters have both superhuman power and【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ e.g. Jack and the Beanstalk;【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ II. Plot Children love【 T5】 _, encounters or discoveries【 T5】 _ W
4、e know a good story【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ III. Language Bold language combined with the use of【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ Words that impact Funny words Easy-to-follow words 【 T8】 _ words【 T8】 _ IV.【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ Do not compromise the【 T10】 _you are looking for【 T10】 _ Use bold colours and【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ V. Lessons lear
5、ned and discovery made Stories should challenge children to look or think【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ An【 T13】 _ theme in their lives, at school or at home【 T13】 _ Build language skills and【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ Teach children【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10
6、【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 The Process of Analyzing a Poem I. Genre Possible forms: sonnet, elegy, lyric,【 T1】 _, etc.【 T1】 _ Different genres have different attributes II. Voice “I“: the voice speaks in the poem Undramatized voice: no particular【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ Dramat
7、ized voice: a dramatized character Analyzing the voice a)Attitude b)【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ c)Involvement d)【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ III. Argument, thesis or subject Conflicts 【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ Ambiguities Relationships: conflicts, parallels, contrasts 【 T6】 _ or problems【 T6】 _ IV. Structure 【 T7】 _ structure【 T7】 _ a)C
8、omponent parts(stanza, paragraph)integral to a poem b)Relation between the parts Thematic structure a)Equivalent to【 T8】 _ in fiction【 T8】 _ b)Argument or presentation of the material c)Having close relations with formal structure V. Setting 【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ Physical world Example of Tree a)Concrete:
9、specific tree b)Tonal: create mood or associations c)Connotative: used as a(n)【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ d)【 T11】 _: image of organic life【 T11】 _ e)Allegorical: representation of the cross of Christ VI. Imagery Images of the physical setting Images as【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ a)Extend the imaginative range, complexit
10、y and comprehensibility b)Very brief c)Extended analogies VII. Language Kinds of words 【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ Associations 【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ Double meanings Ambiguities of meaning VIII. Qualities【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ From the readers and form the readers a)Response b)Taste c)Experience d)Value 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】
11、 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 201答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, plea
12、se complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力
13、原文】 How to Write Childrens Literature? Good morning, everyone. Welcome all of you to our literature lecture series. Today, I am going to talk about how to write childrens literature. As a childrens author, Im often pleased to find that Ive inspired children and adults to write childrens stories of t
14、heir own. A question they wonder is what exactly makes a good childrens book. Whether youre a childrens author, illustrator, parent who reads to your child, or someone who is shopping for a childrens book to give to a cherished child, its important to know the components of a good childrens literatu
15、re. What is it that makes kids books and picture books so high-quality and compelling? This question perhaps cant be easily answered, as delightful childrens books come in all shapes, sizes, and varieties, but its worth taking a look at it. Even before I became the mother of three children, I had a
16、profound interest in childrens books and at the age of sixteen began writing kids books of my own. There was something that drew me to the magical storybooks which I grew to love as a child but never grew to forget as I got older. Finally, after my children were grown, I decided to turn a lifelong d
17、ream into reality as I decided to write a story that I would publish. It was a story about a dragon named Danny and his adventures with his little companion, Skipper, and it was called Danny the Dragon Meets Jim/my, the first book of an entire series, which even includes a soon-to-be-released Danny
18、the Dragon Cookbook. As I wrote the story, I grew to understand what makes a childrens story truly enchanting for its readers the young and young at heart alike. First,1its important that a childrens book has a charming protagonist with whom readers can identify.2It seems that children tend to liter
19、ally identify with characters they love; in their imagination and games, they often pretend they are indeed the beloved protagonists of their favorite movies, TV shows, and books. So what qualities should a childrens story protagonist have?3If you study the most popular childrens stories of the last
20、 few hundred years, many characters have a superhuman trait or superhuman power, but at the same time they have a human frailty about them which most people have in common such as a fear or anxiety about something or something in their life that is causing them stress. In Jack and the Beanstalk, Jac
21、k is a regular, poor boy with magical beans,4and Harry Potter of course finds that he is a wizard. Jacks magical beans and Harrys magical genetic endowment delight children, while Jacks hard circumstances and the fact that Harry is an unloved orphan earn the sympathy of children everywhere. In Danny
22、 the Dragon, I sought to have these same qualities, and I have met many children who truly love and identify with Danny. Of course, some wonderful childrens books lack a protagonist, such as Goodnight Moon or some very delightful counting and alphabet books. This is why nailing down what makes for g
23、ood childrens books can be a challenge. 5Next, children love an obstacle, encounter, or discovery, or a series of these, which capture their attention and imagination. This perhaps can be the trickiest part of writing a childrens book6People tend to inherently know what makes a good story. You can u
24、sually tell right away if an acquaintance weaving a tale for you is a good storyteller or not. Do you care about the outcome? Is there something the people in the story stand to lose? Does your heart pound or do you hold your breath? Language is another important part of childrens literature.7It is
25、usually bold language in unique combinations with charming rhymes or rhythms which hold the attention of children. If youre not Shakespeare, or Dr. Seuss, dont worry about it. Do your words have impact? Are they fun to say and can the children easily follow them?8Do they remember the words long afte
26、r the story is told? These are some of the questions you may want to ask yourself. 9One of the most important components of an illustrated book is, of course, its illustrations. Most childrens books offer several delightful illustrations. I spent an entire year searching for the perfect illustrator
27、for Danny the Dragon Meets Jimmy. I had an exact vision of what I was looking for, and chances are so do you.10Dont compromise your vision, but continue to search for the right illustrations and pictures for your kids story. I recommend communicating as exactly as possible what youre looking for.11I
28、 also recommend bold colours and shapes, which children tend to adore in their favorite illustrated kids books. Finally,12there should be a discovery made or a lesson learned which challenges children to look or think in a new or different way.13A theme that they can apply in their own lives, at sch
29、ool or at home, will be welcomed with open arms.14Not only is reading a great way to build language skills and imagination,15but its an important way to teach values that will be relevant to children for the rest of their lives. When I read to kids from my childrens book series, I never cease to be
30、surprised by how quickly they catch on to the sophisticated lessons about how a family handles surprises and acceptance. Its themes of helping each other, accepting the differences of others, and treating others how one would want to be treated are embraced by children of all ages. In the end, endur
31、ing childrens literature cant be replicated according to any formula, although the points above will always remain important. Whether a childrens story truly captivates the imaginations of children and adults alike, ultimately depends upon a quality that is perhaps as elusive and magical as the imag
32、ination itself. With that, I thank you for your attention. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 Charming 【试题解析】 演讲人认为要写好一本儿童读物，第一点就是需要有一个富有魅力、被孩子们所认同的主角。因此本题填入 Charming。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 identify with 【试题解析】 演讲人认为，每本儿童读物都需要有一个富有魅力、被孩子们所认同的主角，这点很重要。空格处缺少的是 identify with。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 human frailty 【试题解析】
33、 本题考查受孩子们喜欢的角色所具有的特点。讲座提到，这些角色同时具备超人的能力和人性的弱点。这里填 human frailty。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 Harry Potter 【试题解析】 录音对孩子们喜欢的角色特点进行举例说明，其中包括杰克与魔豆和哈利 波特这两本书。故填入 Harry Potter。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 obstacles 【试题解析】 讲座接着谈到，孩子们喜欢故事里有曲折、巧遇和新发现。空格处缺 少的是 obstacles。从空格后的 encounters和 discoveries可看出，此空格要填复数名词。 【知识模块】 听力
34、填空 6 【正确答案】 inherently 【试题解析】 本题考查讲座的细节内容。录音提到，人们往往本性地知道一篇好故事是怎么构成的。本题填入 inherently。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 rhymes or rhythms 【试题解析】 在语言方面，讲座提到，我们可以使用大胆的语言，加上琅琅上口的押韵词和节奏 (rhymes or rhythms)。由此可知答案。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 unforgettable 【试题解析】 本题考查考生概括信息的能力。讲座中问到，孩子们在读完故事后还记得故事里的词句吗 ?言下之意是指运用让孩子们不会忘掉的词语。因
35、此，这里可填 unforgettable。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 Illustrations 【试题解析】 讲座提到插图书最重要的部分之一当然是它的插图。因此本题填入Illustrations。注意填写名词的复数形式。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 vision 【试题解析】 在插图方面我们不能退而求其次。讲座提到，我们有确切的视觉要求后，就要寻找合适的插画和配图来实现这种视觉效果。这里填 vision。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 shapes 【试题解析】 本题询问在插图方面我们可以运用哪些元素。讲座提到，可以运用大胆的颜色和形状。这里填
36、shapes。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 creatively 【试题解析】 本题询问孩子 读完书后应该在看问题和思考方面有怎样的改变。讲座提到，儿童文学应该让孩子们有所发现、学会道理，并促使他们以新的、不同的方式来看问题和思考。由于这里最多只能填三个单词，因此不能把 in anew or different way填上。这里填 creatively，把 new和 different的两个意思都概括进去。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 applicable 【试题解析】 讲座提到，儿童文学的主题应该适用于孩子的生活、适用于学校、家里。讲座给出的是动词，这里需要转
37、换成形容词。填 applicable。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 imagination 【试题解析】 录音提到，阅读对于儿童来说是增强语言技能和想象力的好方式。因此本题填入 imagination。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 values 【试题解析】 讲座在最后提到，儿童文学要教给孩子终生受用的价值观。因此，这里填 values。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 The Process of Analyzing a Poem Good morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about t
38、he process of analyzing a poem. The elements of analysis discussed below are designed to help you identify the ways in which poetry makes its meaning, especially its “parts“; they do not give a sense of how one goes about analyzing a poem. It is difficult to give a prescription, as different poems c
39、all on different aspects of poetry, different ways of reading, different relationships between feeling, images and meanings, and so forth. Of course, for the sake of argument, I am going to summarize the process of analyzing a poem in eight questions. Let me explain them one by one. 1. What is the g
40、enre, or form, of the poem? 1Is it a sonnet, an elegy, a lyric, a narrative, a dramatic monologue, an epic, etc. Different forms or genres have different subjects, aims, conventions and attributes. A love sonnet, for instance, is going to talk more about different aspects of human experience in diff
41、erent ways with different emphases than a political satire is, and our recognition of these attributes of form or genre is part of the meaning of the poem. 2. Who is speaking in the poem? Please remember that if the voice of the poem says “I“, that doesnt mean it is the author who is speaking: it is
42、 a voice in the poem which speaks.2The voice can be undramatized: for example, its just a voice, it doesnt identify itself; or dramatized: the voice says “I“, or the voice is clearly that of a particular persona, a dramatized character. To analyze a poem, wed better identify the voice. What does the
43、 voice have to do with what is happening in the poem? What is its attitude?3What is the tone of the voice? How is the voice involved in the action or reflection of the poem?4What is the perspective or “point of view“ of the speaker? The perspective can be social, intellectual, political, even physic
44、al. There are many different perspectives, but they all contribute to the voices point of view, which point of view affects how the world of the poem is seen, and how we respond. 3. What is the argument, thesis, or subject of the poem? What, that is to say, is it apparently “about“? Start with the b
45、asic situation, and move to consider any key statements;5any obvious or less obvious conflicts, tensions, ambiguities; key relationships, especially conflicts, parallels, contrasts;6any climaxes or problems posed or solved or not solved. 4. What is the structure of the poem? There are two basic kind
46、s of structure, formal and thematic.7Formal structure is the way the poem goes together in terms of its component parts: if there are parts stanzas, paragraphs or such then there will be a relation between the parts. For instance, the first stanza may give the past, the second the present, the third
47、 the future. 8Thematic structure, known in respect to fiction as “plot“, is the way the argument or presentation of the material of the poem is developed. For instance a poem might state a problem in eight lines, an answer to the problem in the next six; of the eight lines stating the problem, four
48、might provide a concrete example, four a reflection on what the example implies. There may well be very close relations between formal and thematic structure. When looking at thematic structure, you might look for conflicts, ambiguities and uncertainties, the tensions in the poem, as these give clear guides to the direction of meanings in the poem, the poems “in-tensions“. 5. How does the poem make use of setting? 9There is the setting in t
