1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 202及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Five Virtues of Style I. Correctness Follow correct usage of words, grammar and【 T1】 _ rules【 T1】 _ Reasons a)Ensure【 T2】 _ co
3、mmunication【 T2】 _ b)Make your speech or writing【 T3】 _to an audience【 T3】 _ II.【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ Message will not get lost due to clear and simple writing Tips on simple writing a)Write something an 8th grader can understand b)Use【 T5】 _verbs【 T5】 _ c)Keep average sentence length to about【 T6】 _ words
4、【 T6】 _ III. Evidence Purpose: to measure how well language materializes the【 T7】 _ appeal to an audience【 T7】 _ Using【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ Example: to ask for more funds to fight childhood hunger Avoid【 T9】 _ at the beginning【 T9】 _ Tell a story about a child victimized by hunger IV.【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ Quali
5、ty of style concerned with a)choice of【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ b)audience c)occasion Example: best man speech at a wedding V. Ornateness Make the text【 T12】 _ by use of【 T12】 _ a)figures of speech and b)manipulation of【 T13】 _ and rhythm of words【 T13】 _ Speakers favourite choice: a)Antanaclasis: repetition
6、 of a word in【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ b)Simile: explicit comparison c)【 T15】 _: linking two unlike things【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 How to Write a College Term Paper? I. Tip 1: Figure out exa
7、ctly what the professor wants. Read【 T1】 _ very carefully.【 T1】 _ Talk to your professor to ensure you【 T2】 _.【 T2】 _ II. Tip 2: Brainstorm a great topic appropriate for the assignment. Write about something unique and【 T3】 _.【 T3】 _ Visit your professor for help. III. Tip 3: Write an outline. Not n
8、ecessarily a(n)【 T4】 _ outline.【 T4】 _ Show your outline to your professor. IV. Tip 4: Back up claims with【 T5】 _.【 T5】 _ Cite studies,【 T6】 _ and quotes.【 T6】 _ Dont rely too heavily on examples. V. Tip 5: Write a cool introduction. You may begin with: an interesting【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ a startling stati
9、stic 【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ VI. Tip 6: Write a clear【 T9】 _.【 T9】 _ Keep it as simple as possible. Dont【 T10】 _ from it【 T10】 _ VII. Tip 7: Use good sources. Choose credible sources. Avoid【 T11】 _ sources.【 T11】 _ Use sources rich with facts and ideas. Dont rely too heavily on one source. Never list sources
10、 you didnt really use in your【 T12】 _.【 T12】 _ VIII. Tip 8: Lose the B.S. Keep your introductions【 T13】 _.【 T13】 _ IX. Tip 9: Never【 T14】 _.【 T14】 _ X. Tip 10: Get help if you need it. Look for resources in the school for writing help. XI. Proofread at least for【 T15】 _times.【 T15】 _ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T
11、2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 202答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, pl
12、ease complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【
13、听力原文】 Five Virtues of Style Good morning, everyone. Welcome back to our series on Classical Rhetoric. Today were continuing our five-part segment on the Five Canons of Rhetoric. So far weve covered the canons of invention and arrangement Today were discussing the canon of style, particularly on the
14、five virtues of style. Lets begin with the first virtue, correctness. Correctness means speaking or writing in accordance with the rules and norms of ones language.1An effective communicator uses words correctly and follows the rules of grammar and syntax. Why?2First, correct usage ensures clear and
15、 precise communication.3And second, correctly using language establishes credibility with an audience because it indicates the speaker or writer is well-educated, understands the nuances of language, and pays attention to details. When someone catches language mistakes in a speech or piece of text,
16、the thought often arises, “If the author cant even follow the basic rules of grammar or even take the time and effort to review them, why should I trust what he has to say?“ When youre attempting to persuade others, try to avoid anything that would distract your audience from your argument. Dont giv
17、e them a reason to discredit you by being lazy with correct grammar and usage. 4Coming up is the second virtue, clarity. Its hard to be persuasive when people cant even understand what youre trying to say. Clear and simple writing ensures that your message never gets lost between you and your audien
18、ce. Remember: smart writing is simple writing. Clear and simple writing is actually quite difficult to do. It requires you to think hard about your topic, get at its core, and then put that core in terms that your audience can understand. Here are a few tips on writing and speaking with greater clar
19、ity. Firstly, write or speak something an 8th grader can understand. If an 8th grader can understand your speech or article, then chances are an adult of average education can too. Practice this by taking complex legal/ethical issues or scientific theories and writing a short blurb that could be put
20、 in an 8th grade textbook. Secondly,5use strong verbs. Avoid is, are, was, were, be, being, been. So instead of saying “Diane was killed by Jim,“ say “Jim killed Diane.“ Its shorter, clearer, and punchier. Whenever I edit my writing, I always do a ctrl+f for those verbs and see if I can replace them
21、 with stronger verbs. Although sometimes you cant do so without the sentence sounding worse than before. Thirdly,6keep average sentence length to about 20 words. Sentence length is one of the biggest factors in determining how easy it is to understand what youre saying or writing. Ideas can get lost
22、 in super long sentences. While you should avoid really long sentences as much as possible, you dont want all your sentences to be just five words each either. That makes your writing and speaking sound choppy and rushed. Shoot for an average of about 20 words a sentence. And mix sentences of varyin
23、g lengths together. The third virtue of style is evidence. Were not using “evidence“ in the sense of facts you provide to prove a logical argument. For classical rhetoricians, the quality of evidence was a way to7measure how well language reached the e-motions of an audience through vivid descriptio
24、n. Remember that most people are persuaded more by emotion than by logic.8One of the best ways to elicit an emotional response from people is to appeal to their physical senses by using vivid descriptions. For example, lets say youre making the case to your state legislator that your state needs to
25、devote more funds towards fighting childhood hunger.9Instead of starting your speech or letter by spouting off a bunch of dry facts, it would be more persuasive to tell a story of a specific child whos a victim of hunger. In your story, describe the conditions this child is living in the smells, the
26、 sights, the sounds. Describe the pangs of hunger that gnaw on his stomach every night while he lies crying softly, curled in ball on a urine-soaked mattress. Who wouldnt want to help this kid? Thats the quality of evidence in action. 10Now lets turn to the fourth virtue of style, propriety.11Propri
27、ety is the quality of style concerned with selecting words that fit with the subject matter of your speech and ensuring theyre appropriate for your audience and for the occasion. Simply put, propriety means saying the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. A common rhetorical event wher
28、e you see the quality of propriety flagrantly violated is the best man speech at a wedding. I cant count how many of these speeches Ive witnessed where the best man says some thing that makes everyone in the room cringe. Youd think itd be common sense, but a wedding toast in front of a grooms new wi
29、fe and her family isnt an appropriate place to talk about the grooms past relationships or a night of drunken debauchery you had with him back in your college days. You might think its funny, but a wedding reception isnt the place for that sort of humour. Itd be fine at a roast, but not a toast. The
30、 last one to be mentioned is ornateness.12Ornate-ness involves making your speech or text interesting to listen to or read by using figures of speech and13manipulating the sound and rhythm of words. Classical rhetoricians focused on incorporating different figures of speech to decorate their speeche
31、s. Here are a few that I particularly enjoy using. 14The first one is Antanaclasis. It means repetition of a word in two different senses. For example: “If we dont hang together, well hang separately.“ Benjamin Franklin said. The second one is simile. It is an explicit comparison, often employing “l
32、ike“ or “as.“ John Steinbeck in his book The Grapes of Wrath wrote: “The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.“ 15Finally, metaphor. It means a comparison made by e-quating one thing with another, showing that two unlike things have something in common. Our most familiar example might be t
33、his sentence: “A mighty fortress is our God.“ OK I have outlined the five virtues of style for you. Remember the correctness, clarity, evidence, propriety and ornateness of the style. When you write a speech or produce a text, remember to follow these five virtues. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 syntax 【试题解析】
34、 本题考查准确性需要遵循的规则。讲座提到，我们需要正确使用词语、遵循语法和句法规则。因此，这里填 syntax。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 clear and precise 【试题解析】 本题考查使用准确词语、语法和语义的原因。录音提出，正确地使用词语能使我们谈话交流清楚并且准确。因此本题填入 clear and precise。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 credible 【试题解析】 讲座提到，正确使用语言能够取得观众的信任。由 establishes credibility with an audience，再结合题目表述，可知此处应填入 credibi
35、lity的形容词形式 credible。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 Clarity 【试题解析】 本题考查文体的第二个优点，即是清晰明了。因此本题填入Clarity。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 strong 【试题解析】 本题考查 “清晰表达 ”的第二个技巧。 讲座提到要使用强而有力的动词。因此，这里填的是 strong。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 20/twenty 【试题解析】 本题考查考生记取细节信息的能力。问题问的是一个句子的平均长度大概要有多少个单词。根据录音 “要把句子的平均长度控制在 20个单词左右 ”，可知这里应填入 20或 tw
36、enty。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 emotional 【试题解析】 讲座中提到， how well language reached the emotions of an audience，由于这里需要填一个形容词，考生不能直接填 emotions，应改为形容词形式 emotional。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 vivid descriptions 【试题解析】 录音提到，引发人们情感反应最好的办法之一就是通过生动的语言描述吸引他们的物理感官。因此本题填入 vivid descriptions。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 dry facts
37、 【试题解析】 本题询问描述 childhood hunger时所要注意的 问题。讲座提到，开始的时候不要喋喋不休地说一些干瘪瘪的事实。因此，这里填的是 dry facts。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 Propriety 【试题解析】 本题考查文体的第四个优点，即得体。因此本题填入 Propriety。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 words 【试题解析】 本题询问恰当性与什么因素有关。讲座提到，恰当性与词语的选择有关，而选择时要考虑主题、观众、场合。因此，这里填的是 words。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 interesting 【试题解析
38、】 本题考查第五个特点 ornateness的细节内容。讲座提到运用华丽的词藻在修辞里可以使文章变得有趣。因此，这里填的是 interesting。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 the sound 【试题解析】 本题考查使文章变得有趣的第二种方法，即通过运用词汇的发音与韵律来实现。因此，这里填的是 the sound。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 two different senses 【试题解 析】 本题考查的是 antanaclasis(一词多义 )的定义，即重复使用同一个词，但是使用了该词的两个不同的意思。因此，这里填的是 two different s
39、enses。生词和外来词通常会有简单的说明和解释。考生只要耐心并仔细听下文的讲解即可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 Metaphor 【试题解析】 本题考查该演讲人最喜欢用的一些技巧。录音提到，演讲者除了喜欢使用一词多义的词语、明喻之外，还喜欢使用隐喻手法。因此本题填Metaphor。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 How to Write a College Term Paper? Good morning, everyone! Today Id like to continue our series of talks about study skills in
40、 university. This morning Im going to talk about how to write a college term paper. Learning how to write a college term paper is something many college students struggle with so if youre one of them, rest assured that youre not alone! High schools dont always prepare students with the essay writing
41、 skills that college professors expect, so you might feel very frustrated. Ive graded thousands of essay papers over the years, and let me tell you, I can tell you lots of common mistakes that students make when writing term papers. I can also give you some tips that might make college essay writing
42、 a little easier for you, along with some paper writing shortcuts to make your task easier. Tip 1: Figure out exactly what the professor wants.1Read the assignment sheet very carefully. If you have any questions, ask your professor for clarification.2Visit your professor at office hours, and discuss
43、 your paper plan to make sure you understand the directions. At a guess, Id say that at least 10% of my students over the years were downgraded because they did not follow directions. Tip 2: Brainstorm a great topic that is appropriate for the assignment. Students often are uncreative when thinking
44、of topics.3Stand out from the crowd and write about something unique. You definitely want to write about something that interests you, or else this paper assignment is going to suck. If youre not sure what to write, visit the professor to get some help with brainstorming, and check out this article
45、about choosing term paper topics. Tip 3: Write an outline. Professors always tell you this, and students often dont listen. We mean it. Good organization is one of the keys to success in a college term paper, and its very difficult to be organized without an outline.4It doesnt have to be a very deta
46、iled outline, and you can certainly deviate from the outline as you write the paper. Consider showing your outline to the professor before you write the paper. Tip 4:5Make sure you back up claims in the paper with sufficient evidence. A claim is a statement of fact. Evidence is material that lends s
47、upport to that claim. For example, lets say you want to claim that hot dogs are linked to child leukemia. If youre going to state this, you need to back up your claim with evidence.6Discuss some medical studies and statistics, and include a quote from a credible pediatrician. When using evidence, be
48、 sure not to rely too heavily on examples. You can find examples of just about anything, and isolated examples are rarely good evidence. For example, a story about your cousin who has childhood leukemia and ate a lot of hot dogs is not strong evidence to back up your claim. Feel free to use this example, but use it alongside more general evidence, like statistics or medical studies. Tip 5: Write a cool introduction. A creative introduction is one of those things that separates an A paper from a B paper.7
