1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 203及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Writing a Literature Review I. Definition of Literature Review Its a(n)【 T1】 _ and discussion of the literature【 T1】 _ in a gi
3、ven area of study. It is organized in time order or in【 T2】 _ order.【 T2】 _ It is not an【 T3】 _, nor a summary.【 T3】 _ II. Purpose and Audience of a Literature Review to【 T4】 _specific arguments and ideas in a field of study【 T4】 _ to examine the【 T5】 _ or areas needing further study【 T5】 _ to demon
4、strate the【 T6】 _ and validity of the research【 T6】 _ different audience will require different types of literature review III. Questions a Literature Review Should Answer What have been done? What【 T7】 _ have been used? Are they improved?【 T7】 _ What could be improved? What are the future direction
5、s in this subject? What could you【 T8】 _to the field?【 T8】 _ V. Length of a Literature Review A full chapter or at least【 T9】 _pages for a thesis or dissertation【 T9】 _ A few pages for an assignment VI.【 T10】 _ of a Literature Review【 T10】 _ Group sources in order of【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ Papers focusing
6、on【 T12】 _, historiographical papers etc.【 T12】 _ Example: reviews on mental illness Group sources in terms of topics they cover A stronger method, because it helps avoid【 T13】 _the sources【 T13】 _ Example: If a paper is about changes in popular music, possible sections are researches about producti
7、on of music, dissemination of music,【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ and historical studies of popular music. REMEMBER: Literature review is the discussion of【 T15】 _ among previous【 T15】 _ researches and your work 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】
8、 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 How Do You Prepare for Presentations? Getting ready for presentation is necessary and there are tips to guide you through the preparation for presentation. I. Key talking points Know what you want to talk about Stick with a(n)【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ a)Tell them what youre go
9、ing to show them b)【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ c)Tell them what you just showed them II. Write a(n) 【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ You can massage the words Gives you a(n)【 T4】 _ for practice and refining【 T4】 _ III. Dont worry about specific words Dont worry about perfection Dont【 T5】 _ if you stumble a bit【 T5】 _ IV. Find you
10、r【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ If you have time, learn to speak in any style If you dont have time, just find【 T7】 _ style【 T7】 _ V. Practice in front of people Be careful about taking advice, especially late in the game Changes in script or presentation style within a short time might be【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ VI. Practic
11、e with distractions Need the quiet time to memorize things Practice with distractions is also helpful Possible distractions: Noises People walking by A huge clock counting down Big lights 【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ People VII. Practice【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ Focus on one section Learn the【 T11】 _ by heart【 T11】 _ Move
12、 on until you are comfortable with this section VIII. Think ahead Think of【 T12】 _ sentences ahead while speaking【 T12】 _ IX. Practice hand gestures Hand gestures and【 T13】 _ are cues of your speech【 T13】 _ X. Find your comfort zone If a piece of advice makes you uncomfortable, it is not【 T14】 _ to
13、you【 T14】 _ The more comfortable you are, the more【 T15】 _ youll be【 T15】 _ and youll give better presentation 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 203答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE I
14、n this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and sema
15、ntically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Writing a Literature Review Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our lecture series of academic writing. We will talk about the definition of literature revi
16、ew, and what makes a good literature review. First of all, what is a literature review?1A literature review is a survey and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic, and2it is usually organized chr
17、onologically or thematically. A literature review is written in essay format.3It is not an annotated bibliography, because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is not a summary; rather, it evaluates previous and current
18、 research in regard to how relevant or useful it is and how it relates to your own research. Secondly, the purpose and audience of a literature review.4A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study.5By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts t
19、o show what has been studied in the field, and also where the weaknesses, gaps, or areas needing further study are.6The review should therefore also demonstrate to the reader why the writers research is useful, necessary, important, and valid. So you should be aware of the audience of literature rev
20、iew. Literature reviews can have different types of audiences, so consider why and for whom you are writing your review. For example, a lot of literature reviews are written as a chapter for a thesis or dissertation, so the audience will want to know in what way your research is important and origin
21、al. Highlighting the gap in knowledge which your research aims to fill is particularly important in this instance because you need to convince the reader that there is an opening in the area of study. A literature review in a proposal will similarly try to convince the audience of the significance a
22、nd worthiness of the proposed project. In contrast, when you are writing a literature review for a course, your professor may want you to show that you understand what research has been done, giving you a base of knowledge. In this case, you may not need to focus as much on proving where the gaps in
23、 knowledge lie, but rather, that you know what the major areas of study and key ideas are. Thirdly, questions a literature review should answer. Asking questions such as the following will help you sift through your sources and organize your literature review. Remember, the literature review organiz
24、es the previous research in the light of what you are planning to do in your own project. Whats been done in this topic area to date? What are the significant discoveries, key concepts, arguments or theories that scholars have put forward? Which are the important works? On which particular areas of
25、the topic has previous research concentrated? Have there been developments over time?7What methodologies have been used? Are there any gaps in the research? Are there areas that havent been looked at closely yet, but which should be? Are there new ways of looking at the topic? 7Are there improved me
26、thodologies for researching this subject? What future directions should research in this subject take? How will your research build on or depart from current and previous research on the topic?8What contribution will your research make to the field? Now, about the length of a literature review. The
27、length of a literature review varies depending on its purpose and audience.9In a thesis or dissertation, the review is usually a full chapter or at least 20 pages, but for an assignment it may only be a few pages. 10Finally, the structure of a literature review. There are several ways to organize an
28、d structure a literature review. Two common ways are chronologically and thematically. 11In a chronological review, you will group and discuss your sources in order of their appearance, usually publication, highlighting the changes in research in the field and your specific topic over time.12This me
29、thod is useful for papers focusing on research methodology, historiographical papers, and other writing where time becomes an important element. For example, a literature review on theories of mental illness might present how the understanding of mental illness has changed through the centuries, by
30、giving a series of examples of key developments and ending with current theories and the direction your research will take. In a thematic review, you will group and discuss your sources in terms of the themes or topics they cover.13This method is often a stronger one organizationally, and it can hel
31、p you resist the urge to summarize your sources. By grouping themes or topics of research together, you will be able to demonstrate the types of topics that are important to your research.14For example, if the topic of the literature review is changes in popular music, then there might be separate s
32、ections on research involving the production of music, research on the dissemination of music, research on the interpretation of music, and historical studies of popular music. No matter which method you choose,15remember that within each section of a literature review, it is important to discuss ho
33、w the research relates to other studies as well as to demonstrate how it relates to your own work. This is what the review is for. Dont leave this connection out! OK. I have talked to you about the definition of literature review, and the elements of writing a good and impressive literature review.
34、I hope youve found this lecture useful for your academic writing. Next time, we shall discuss some basic research methodologies and how we could present these methods in the paper. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 survey 【试题解析】 本题考查文献综述的定义。讲座提到，文献综述是对特定领域文献的概述与讨论。题目中已把 “讨论 ”给出，这里填 “概述 ”survey即可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【
35、正确答案】 thematic 【试题解析】 本题考查文献综述的结构。讲座中前后两次提到，文献综述结构分成两种：按时间来分类以及按主题来分类。前者在题目中已出现，填入后者即可。由于原文给的是副词，而题目里面需要填一个形容词，故 thematically变成thematic。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 annotated bibliography 【试题解析】 本题考查文献综述的定义。文献综述既不是带注释的参考书目，也不是总结。因此本题填 annotated bibliography。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 highlight 【试题解析】 本题考查文献综述的目
36、的。写文献综述的目的就是重点突出特定的争论和某一研究领域的思想。本题填入 highlight。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正 确答案】 weaknesses/gaps/weaknesses or gaps 【试题解析】 本题考查文献综述的作用。讲座提到，文献综述可以指出研究的弱点、不足之处和有待提高的地方。这里填 weaknesses或 gaps均可，当然两个都填上也是可以的。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 usefulness,necessity， importance 【试题解析】 本题考查文献综述要向读者展示的内容。讲座提到，要把研究为什是有用的、必要的、重要的和有效的展
37、示给读者。题目已给出有 效性一词，这里需要把讲座提到的其他三个信息补上，但是要注意把原文的形容词变为名词。这里填 usefulness， necessity， importance。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 (research)methodologies 【试题解析】 本题考查考生整合信息的能力。由于讲座提到了很多问题，而题目中并不是每个问题都列出，因此考生要注意根据所记的信息综合考虑。本题后面有提到， Are they improved?那么考生就要对照笔记寻找与 “改善 ”有关的信息。讲座中提到的是研究方 法，因此这里填 methodologies。 【知识模块】 听力填
38、空 8 【正确答案】 contribute to 【试题解析】 录音提到最后一个问题是怎样使你的研究建立在或脱离有关此话题的现在或过去的研究，你的研究能给这一领域带来什么贡献 ?故本空填入contribute to，对应原文的 contribution。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 20/twenty 【试题解析】 本题考查考生记取细节信息的能力。讲座提到，在一篇论文中，文献综述的长度应为一整章或至少 20页。这里填 20或 twenty均可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 Structure 【试题解析】 如何写好文献综述的最后一点是关于文献综述的结构。如何组织和
39、架构文献综述有两个常见方法，一是按时间顺序，另外一个是按主题分组。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 publication 【试题解析】 录音提到，按时间顺序回顾，你将要根据文献来源出现的顺序分组和讨论这些来源，这通常是根据出版时间的顺序。因此综合整句话的内容，本题应填入 publication。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 research methodology 【试题解析】 本题询问按时间归类的方法适用于哪些论文。讲座中提到了三种：注重研究方法的论文、历史编撰论文和其他与时间密切相关的论文。这里缺research methodology。 【知识模块】 听力填
40、空 13 【正确答案】 summarizing 【试题解析】 本题询问按主题归类方法的好处。讲座提到，它可以让我们抑制概述文献的冲动。由于题目给的是 avoid一词，因此考生要注意句子的句 法，填summarizing。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 interpretation of music 【试题解析】 表示举例的地方是记录重点。讲座举了流行音乐的例子，说综述部分可能有以下几个部分：音乐制作的研究、音乐传播的研究、音乐诠释的研究和流行音乐历史的研究。因此，这里填的是 interpretation of music。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 relati
41、on relationship 【试题解析】 本题考查文献综述的实质。讲 座提到，不管使用何种文献综述的结构，都要记住：讨论前人文献和其他研究之间的关系以及前人文献与自己的研究的关系是很重要的。原文用的是动词 relate，这里需要填名词，因此要变成relation或 relationship。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 How Do You Prepare for Presentations? Good morning, everyone! Today Id like to continue our series of talks about study skills in
42、 university. This morning Im going to talk about how to prepare for presentations. Honestly, theres no straightforward answer. And theres lots of great advice on public speaking and presenting out there. Some people recommend memorizing a script and practicing it intensely for as long as you possibl
43、y can. Other people suggest having key talking points and riffing on those. Im not sure anyone would suggest going totally unprepared, because that would be tantamount to presentation-suicide, but from heavy-duty preparation to minimal preparation, youll get it all, and everything in-between. Heres
44、my suggestion: Do what you need to in order to feel confident and comfortable giving the presentation. If youre not sure what to do in order to feel confident and comfortable, then Id lean towards being more prepared than not. Here are some tips for things you can do. 1. Start with your key talking
45、points. Theres no point writing a full script or presentation until you know what points you want to hammer home.1Then, you can stick with a standard format: tell them what youre going to show them;2show them; and tell them what you just showed them. They are the three golden rules in oral presentat
46、ion and public speaking. 2.3Write a script. I think this is a good idea It lets you write everything out and start massaging the words the way you want.4It also gives you a benchmark against which you can practice and refine things. 3. Dont get hung up on specific words. Its unlikely that missing or
47、 changing any one word will totally ruin your presentation, so dont worry about perfection. The only person that knows you “screwed up“ is you.5Thats why you dont have to panic if you stumble a bit at the outset. Ease yourself into the talking mood and everything will be just fine. 4.6Find your spea
48、king style.7Over time with enough practice you can learn to speak and present in any style, but if youre in crunch mode and dont have enough time, just try and find your own speaking style. Find your groove. Some people are ultra-enthusiastic. Some are much calmer. For DEMO, Im aiming for calm confidence. Im not a flashy guy. I want people to see the practice Im putting in, my enthusiasm and my confidence but Im not going “Tony Robbins“ on them. 5. Practice in fro
