1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 229及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 How to Read Literature Critically? Reading critically does not mean tearing a work of literature apart, but understanding and
3、evaluating the work as a whole. A six-step method will help us read literature critically. I. Figurative Language Make note of expressive language Think about the【 T1】 _ behind employing the devices【 T1】 _ Some examples of figurative language a)【 T2】 _: a comparison of two terms【 T2】 _ b)Metaphor: a
4、 comparison of two seemingly【 T3】 _ subjects【 T3】 _ c)【 T4】 _: granting human traits to objects or animals【 T4】 _ II. Structure Nonlinear structure: a story【 T5】 _ order【 T5】 _ sequence with【 T6】 _ or integrated tales【 T6】 _ Examples: A Rose for Emily both the Don and his sidekick Sancho Panza are c
5、lueless but essentially well-meaning characters who stick together, even when theyd prefer not to. Friends who rely on one another through thick and thin are a staple of literature from John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men to Jack Kerouacs On the Road.8Archetypes often fall into one of two categories: ch
6、aracter archetypes and situational archetypes. Along with the buddy pair, common character archetypes include the Christ-figure, the scapegoat, and the hero who saves the day, for instance Homers Odysseus or J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter.9Situational archetypes include the quest and the pursuit of an
7、elusive goal, whether that quest is King Arthurs relentless pursuit of the Holy Grail or Frodos search for the ring in Tolkiens trilogy. Another readily identifiable situational archetype is the loss of innocence.10Initiation is also a frequent situational archetype.11In fact, Hemingways short story
8、 Indian Camp combines both the initiation and loss of innocence archetypes. Nick, the young protagonist, must be initiated into the world of sexuality by witnessing its most profound product childbirth. At the same time, he is stripped of any romantic illusions about a womans body. Fifthly, symbolis
9、m. Ah, the most dreaded word for many a reader. What is a symbol and how can you identify one in literature?12A symbol typically encompasses both a literal meaning and a figurative meaning. Unlike a metaphor, a symbol is not necessarily a statement: a single word can evoke meaning and become a symbo
10、l. Being aware of common symbols in novels will increase your ability to read a work critically.13Spring, for example, is often a symbol of renewal; conversely, winter often symbolizes a figurative death. Fitzgeralds short story Winter Dreams is heartbreakingly rendered from the outset by the symbol
11、ism of its title. We know that the harsh, symbolically loaded word “winter“ offsets the fragility and hope of the word “dreams“.14Other common symbols include lightness and darkness, the Christian cross, the Star of David, and the Nazi swastika. The more symbols you are able to identify, the richer
12、your critical interpretation will be. Sixthly, read and reread.15Resist the impulse to assess a work after you first read it, even if you have diligently completed the first five steps given here. A thorough critical analysis cannot be accomplished until youve reread the work. OK I have outlined 6 s
13、teps for you to follow when you read literature. These steps will help you better understand and appreciate the literary works of all times. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 reasons 【试题解析】 本题考查 “修辞语言 ”的内容。除了对表达性语言做笔记外，讲座还提到，要思考为什么作者会运用这些修辞手法。填入的名词对应录音中的why，故填 reasons。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 Simile 【试题解析】 此题考查讲座列举
14、的第一个修辞手法，即明喻。因此本题填入Simile。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 unrelated 【试题解析】 本题考查暗喻的定义。讲座提到，暗喻是两个看起来 不相关的事物的比较。因此填 unrelated。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 Personification 【试题解析】 本题考查拟人的定义。题目已给出拟人的具体定义，要求考生填该修辞手法是什么。答案为 Personification。根据常识也可以填出本题的答案。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 out of chronological 【试题解析】 此题考查讲座的第二个步骤方法 结构，其中
15、提到了非线性结构的特点。录音提到，很多时候，作者不会按时间顺 序讲述故事。因此本题填入 out of chronological。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 flashbacks 【试题解析】 本题考查的是非线性结构的特点。讲座提到，许多作家会在故事中采用倒序手法或加入其他故事。故填 flashbacks。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 the style used 【试题解析】 本题考查 influence。讲座提到，其他作家作品对作者会产生一定影响，其中提到有三类：吸取教训、运用的文体或得出的结论。这里填 the style used。 【知识模块】 听力填空
16、8 【正确答案】 Character archetypes 【试题解析】 在谈到第四点 “原型 ”时，演讲人将其分为了两类： character archetypes和 situational archetypes。题目缺少的是 Character archetypes。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 quest 【试题解析】 本题考查考生对情景原型的了解。题目已给出好几个例子，要求补充一个。需补充的是讲座中提到的 “探求 ”， 即 quest。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 initiation 【试题解析】 本题要求补充情景原型的第三个例子。录音提到，文学作品的开
17、头部分也经常是情景原型。因此本题应填入 initiation。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 combine 【试题解析】 本题考查考生的推理能力。讲座中引用了海明威的作品来说明两种原型之间是可以整合在一起的。题目问的是作家如何对待不同的原型。考生可以在题目后面海明威的例子找到信息线索，填动词 combine。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 literal and figurative 【试题解析】 讲座提到第五个步骤方法 象征手法。讲座提到，象征通常包含字面意义和比喻意义。因此本题填入 literal and figurative。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13
18、【正确答案】 renewal 【试题解析】 题目询问春天在文学作品里象征什么。本题是细节题。讲座中提到春天通常是 “重生 ”的象征。因此填 renewal。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 lightness and darkness Christian cross Star of David Nazi swastika 【试题解析】 本题询问文学作品中还有哪些常见的象征。由于题目中有 etc，因此考生只要填出一个即可。答案为 lightness and darkness Christian cross Star of David Nazi swastika。 【知识模块】 听力填
19、空 15 【正确答案】 assess 【试题解析】 录音提到最后一点步骤方法，即反复阅读 。即使已经努力地完成前面提到的五个步骤，也要忍住去评价一部作品的冲动，即不要刚读完一部作品就马上评价它，本题需要填入的单词是 assess。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 Character Analysis Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our lecture series about literary studies, particularly about writing a character analysis. In
20、college literature classes, students are required to write numerous essays because instructors expect their students to demonstrate not only an understanding of the core concepts being taught but also of the assigned readings. One type of essay that you will be required to write is a character analy
21、sis, which is an essay that examines one or more major or minor characters in a story or play. Today, I am going to tell you some basic things you need to know about writing a character analysis. First of all, to write a good character analysis,1we should know about the different types of literary c
22、haracters. Characters can be protagonists or heroes. Thats the main character around whom most of the work revolves.2Characters can also be antagonists, the person who the protagonist is against. This is often the villain, but could be a force of nature, set of circumstances, an animal, etc. And the
23、n we have major characters and minor characters. Major characters are the main characters. They dominate the story. Often there are only one or two major characters. Minor characters are those who help tell the major characters tale by letting major characters interact and reveal their personalities
24、, situations, stories. We also have foils. These are the people whose job is to contrast with the major character. This can happen in two ways.3One: The foil can be the opposite of the major character, so the majors virtues and strengths are that much “brighter“ in reflection. Two: The foil can be s
25、omeone like the major character, with lite versions of the majors virtues and strengths so that the major comes off as even stronger. Above all, we have round characters and flat characters. Round character means the character has more than one facet to their personality. They are not just a hardcor
26、e gamer, but they also play basketball on the weekends. On the other hand, flat character is the one who is only viewed through one side. This is the hardcore gamer and thats all there is to the character. As we now understand the different types of characters in the story, we should also understand
27、 that protagonists can follow literary patterns or types. The first one is the anti-hero, for example, Holden Caufield. This is the guy your mother would not want you or your sister to date.4They are often graceless, inept, and actually dishonest. The second is the tragic hero like Oedipus and Macbe
28、th.5This is the guy whose bad end is a result of flaws within himself. Thirdly, we have the romantic hero, such as Don Juan, and James Bond. This is the guy the girls all swoon over. He gets the girls, even when he doesnt want to keep them.6And we also have the modern hero like Chuck Bartowski. This
29、 is the average guy who is put in extraordinary circumstances and rises to the challenge. Finally, we have the Hemingway hero. This is the guy who has been in a war, drinks too much, gets his girlfriend pregnant, and she dies. Or guys like him. Thirdly and also the last part of my talk is about how
30、we can analyze a literary character for a college essay. When it comes to knowing just how to write a college character analysis essay, you cannot go wrong by using this tried and true structure. First,7begin by describing the character you have chosen for your study and why you chose to analyze him
31、 or her.8Your opening paragraph should end with your essays thesis. The thesis is the main idea you want to convey in your paper. In one or two sentences, explain the point that your essay will make about the character. 9Then, identify types of characters. It is important that your essay defines wha
32、t type of character you are writing about. Is your character the protagonist, the hero, or the antagonist, the villain? Did you choose a major or a minor character? Is your character a round one or a flat one? 10Next, defining traits. Discuss the traits that define and motivate your character. These
33、 traits can range from physical things, such as your character walks with a limp,11to psychological quirks, like an intense hatred of the upper class. Think about how the character relates to the other players in the story. Is he/she kind or cruel, moral or immoral when dealing with others? Is the c
34、haracter like or unlike the other characters in the text? Remember to include discussions of both the strengths and weaknesses of your character. Few characters are all good or all bad. Fourthly, analyzing actions.12Analyze how the defining traits of your character influence his or her actions and i
35、n turn influence the action of the plot Does the character act without thinking or does he/she give careful consideration before taking action? How do the actions of the character influence the other players in the story? Do your characters choices drive the action of the plot? If the characters cho
36、ices do not influence the action of the plot, why is he/she important to the story? What would be lost if that character was not a part of the book? Fifthly, relationship to the conflict. What is the conflict that drives your character? This has the potential to be many things. Is the conflict exter
37、nal or internal? Is the conflict against other people or against something abstract, such as fate or evil?13Discuss how your character attempts to solve this conflict and what that says about him or her. 14Last but not least, summarize your ideas. Your ending paragraph is your chance to restate the
38、main points of your paper.15Most teachers do not want to see new ideas at the end of your paper. You want to paraphrase the main ideas you have made previously and restate your thesis. OK. I have outlined the basic types of characters and literary patterns of protagonists for you. I also introduced
39、to you a six-step method of writing a character analysis essay. Next time, we shall talk about theme and motif in stories and how to write an essay on motif. 【知识模块】 听力填空 16 【正确答案】 Literary Characters 【试题解析】 讲座首先提到，为了写好人物分析，我们应该了解文学中不同类型的人物。根据提纲，填入 Literary Characters。 【知识模块】 听力填空 17 【正确答案】 antagonis
40、ts 【试题解析】 讲座讨论的是人物角色。一般来说，人物角色可以分为正面人物和反面人物 (力量 )。这里填 antagonists。此题也可根据常识作答。 【知识模块】 听力填空 18 【正确答案 】 opposite 【试题解析】 在谈及 “陪衬人物 ”时，讲座提到两种，其中第一种是作为主要人物的反面而出现，其作用是让主要人物的美德和力量在其反衬之下更为 “高大 ”。因此，这里填 opposite。 【知识模块】 听力填空 19 【正确答案】 dishonest 【试题解析】 讲座谈到文学作品中的主人公的第一种，即非英雄式的主人公，表现为粗俗，愚昧，不诚实的。根据提纲，填入 dishones
41、t。 【知识模块】 听力填空 20 【正确答案】 bad end 【试题解析】 谈到 悲剧英雄的特征时，讲座提到，悲剧英雄不好的结局通常是都是由于自身的缺憾所造成的。题目先给出原因 自身的缺憾，让考生填结果 不好的结局，即 bad end。 【知识模块】 听力填空 21 【正确答案】 Modern 【试题解析】 本题考查的是其中一种人物类型 英雄类型的特征。讲座提到，现代英雄是被置于异常的场景并接受挑战的普通人。填 Modern。 【知识模块】 听力填空 22 【正确答案】 justify/explain 【试题解析】 讲座第三方面谈论的是如何写人物分析。 其中，首先要描述你所选的人物，然后解
42、析为什么你会选择分析这个人物。考生要懂得找一个动词来替代讲座中的 why。故填 justify或 explain均可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 23 【正确答案】 the opening paragraph 【试题解析】 录音提到，文章的开头段应以文章的论点结尾。因此本题填 the opening paragraph。 【知识模块】 听力填空 24 【正确答案】 types 【试题解析】 本题询问写人物分析的第二步是什么。讲座中提到我们应该指出人物所属的类型。因此，这里填 types。 【知识模块】 听力填空 25 【正确答案】 Define traits 【试题解析】 录音讲到如何进行人物分
43、析的第三点，即定义人物的性格特征。填入 Define traits。 【知识模块】 听力填空 26 【正确答案】 psychology 【试题解析】 在谈到性格特征方面，讲座提到，有身体的动作，有心理上的怪癖(quirks)等。但是题目把 peculiar(怪 异的 )放在空格前面，其后需要一个名词。故填psychology。 【知识模块】 听力填空 27 【正确答案】 plot 【试题解析】 写人物分析的第四步是分析行为。讲座提到，性格特征对人物的行动和小说情节的驱动都有影响。空格缺的是 plot。 【知识模块】 听力填空 28 【正确答案】 solve the conflict 【试题解析】 在谈到矛盾冲突时，讲座谈及了一系列问题，其中包括需要讨论人物是如何尝试解决冲突的。空格处缺少的是 solve the conflict。 【知识模块】 听力填空 29 【正确答案】 Summarize 【试题解析】 讲座谈到如何进行人物分析的最后一点，即总结观点。文章的结尾部分应该要重新阐述自己的主要观点。因此根据提纲空格，本题填入Summarize。 【知识模块】 听力填空 30 【正确答案】 new ideas 【试题解析】 本题询问在人物分析文章的最后一段应避免什么。讲座提到，许多老师都不希望在最后一段看到新的观点，即 new ideas。 【知识模块】 听力填空
