1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 236及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Ten Bad Listening Habits I. Calling the Subject Dull Good listeners will hunt for something【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ II.【 T2】 _the Speake
3、r【 T2】 _ Bad listeners are picky about how a speech is【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ III. Getting Over-stimulated Good listeners would not judge until【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ IV. Listening Only for Facts Good listeners listen for the【 T5】 _ and connect them as a whole【 T5】 _ V. Trying to Outline Everything Good listeners are
4、 flexible with the【 T6】 _ of the speaker【 T6】 _ Bad listeners are rigid VI. Faking Attention showing the【 T7】 _ of appearing to listen to the speaker does【 T7】 _ not guarantee good listening Real attention signs: a)【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ b)Quicker circulation of blood c)Rise in【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ VII. Easily Dis
5、tracted Bad listeners are easily distracted and even create【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ VIII. Choosing Only Whats Easy Bad listeners turn away from【 T11】 _ on radio or TV【 T11】 _ IX. Letting Emotion-Laden Words Get in the Way Some words carry a(n)【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ But dont let them get in the way of learning X.
6、Wasting the Difference Between Speech and Thought Speed American average rate:【 T13】 _ words per minute【 T13】 _ Thought speed:【 T14】 _ words per minute【 T14】 _ Listeners will remain attentive when they listen to【 T15】 _ speech【 T15】_ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9
7、【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 Five Golden Rules for Giving Academic Presentations Academic presentations are different from the classroom presentations that students usually give. There are five golden rules for students who are about to prepare themselves for
8、an academic presentation. I. RULE No. 1: dont begin with a(n)【 T1】 _.【 T1】 _ Reason: A. It wont improve the reception of the paper or the mood of the audience. B. It wont capture【 T2】 _ of the audience.【 T2】 _ II. RULE No. 2: dont ever underestimate【 T3】 _.【 T3】 _ Reason: Its an insult and injury to
9、 audience. Suggestion: a patronizing and superficial lecture is worse than a(n)【 T4】 _ lecture.【 T4】_ III. RULE No. 3: respect【 T5】 _.【 T5】 _ Reason: The audiences mood wont improve if you【 T6】 _.【 T6】 _ Suggestion: Plan your time. 【 T7】 _ at the agreed time.【 T7】 _ IV. RULE No. 4: dont【 T8】 _ the w
10、hole field.【 T8】 _ Reason: You dont need to begin by【 T9】 _the whole prior content【 T9】 _ of the discipline. Suggestion: Assume a reasonable amount of background; present what can be delivered in a reasonable amount of time. A rule of thumb:【 T10】 _ minutes for each transparency【 T10】 _ V. RULE No.
11、5: remember that youre an【 T11】 _, not the defendant.【 T11】_ Reason: Its your【 T12】 _ that are going to get scrutiny.【 T12】 _ Suggestion: Be a vehicle, an advocate, a public defender. VI. Rule for Questions: Look forward to【 T13】 _.【 T13】 _ Reason: When there is no question or questions are not hard
12、, chances are: A. The audience is not thinking about what you said seriously; B. You are giving talks at events【 T14】 _.【 T14】 _ Suggestion: Listen to the question closely, and think. 【 T15】 _ if you dont know the answer.【 T15】 _ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8
13、】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 236答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE
14、and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Ten Bad Listening Habits Good morning, everyone.
15、Today, we are going to talk about ten bad listening habits. As students, we all need to be good listeners. Thats why we must get rid of the bad listening habits. In this lecture, I will introduce ten bad listening habits to you. Though my discussion of them here is in relation to the ways they may a
16、ffect us in a formal listening situation, the effects of these habits can be just as devastating in less formal listening situations at home, at school, in business or social groups. 1. Calling the Subject Dull Bad listeners often find, a subject too dry and dusty to command their attention and they
17、 use this as an excuse to wander off on a mental tangent. Good listeners may have heard a dozen talks on the same subject before,1but they quickly decide to see if the speaker has anything that can be of use to them. The key to good listening is that little three-letter word use. Good listeners are
18、sifters, screeners, and winnowers of the wheat from the chaff.1They are always hunting for something practical or worthwhile to store in the back of their mind to put to work in the months and years ahead. As a comment suggests, in all this world there is no such thing as an uninteresting subject, o
19、nly uninterested people. 2.2Criticizing the Speaker Its the indoor sport of most bad listeners to find fault with the way a speaker looks, acts, and talks. Good listeners may make a few of the same criticisms but they quickly begin to pay attention to what is said, not how it is said.3After a few mi
20、nutes, good listeners become oblivious to the speakers mannerisms or his/her faults in delivery. They know that the message is ten times as important as the clothing in which it comes garbed. 3. Getting Over-stimulated Listening efficiency drops to zero when the listeners react so strongly to one pa
21、rt of the presentation that they miss what follows. At the university, we think this bad habit is so critical that, in the classes where we teach listening, we put at the top of every blackboard the words:4Withhold evaluation until comprehension is complete hear the speaker out. It is important that
22、 we understand the speakers point of view fully before we accept or reject it. 4. Listening Only for Facts I used to think it was important to listen for facts. But Ive found that almost without exception it is the poor listeners who say they listen for facts. They do get facts, but they garble a sh
23、ocking number and completely lose most of them. 5Good listeners listen for the main ideas in a speech or lecture and use them as connecting threads to give sense and system to the whole. In the end they have more facts appended to those connecting threads than the cataloguers who listen only for fac
24、ts. It isnt necessary to worry too much about fact as such, for facts have meaning only when principles supply the context. 5. Trying to Outline Everything Theres nothing wrong with making an outline of a speech provided the speaker is following an outline method of presentation. But probably not mo
25、re than a half or perhaps a third of all speeches given are built around a carefully prepared outline. 6Good listeners are flexible. They adapt their note taking to the organizational pattern of the speaker: they may make an outline, they may write a summary, they may list facts and principles but w
26、hatever they do they are not rigid about it. 6. Faking Attention The pose of chin propped on hand with gaze fixed on speaker does not guarantee good listening. Having adopted this pose,7having shown the overt courtesy of appearing to listen to the speaker, the bad listener feels conscience free to t
27、ake off on any of a thousand tangents. Good listening is not relaxed and passive at all. Its dynamic; its constructive;8/9its characterized by a slightly increased heart rate, quicker circulation of the blood, and a small rise in body temperature. Its energy consuming; its plain hard work. The best
28、definition I know of the word attention is a “collection of tensions that can be resolved only by getting the facts or ideas that the speaker is trying to convey.“ 7. Easily Distracted 10Poor listeners are easily distracted and may even create disturbances that interfere with their own listening eff
29、iciency and that of others. They squirm, talk with their neighbors, or shuffle papers. They make little or no effort to conceal their boredom. Good listeners try to adjust to whatever distractions there are and soon find that they can ignore them. Certainly, they do not distract others. 8. Choosing
30、Only Whats Easy 11Often we find the poor listeners have shunned listening to serious presentations on radio or television. There is plenty of easy listening available, and this has been their choice. The habit of avoiding even moderately difficult expository presentations in ones leisure-time listen
31、ing can handicap anyone who needs to use listening as a learning tool. 9. Letting Emotion-Laden Words Get in the Way 12It is a fact that some words carry such an emotional load that they cause some listeners to tune a speaker right out, such as, affirmative action and feminist: they are fighting wor
32、ds to some people. But its so foolish to let a mere symbol for something stand between us and learning. 10. Wasting the Difference Between Speech and Thought Speed 13Americans speak at an average rate of 125 words per minute in ordinary conversation. A speaker before an audience slows down to about
33、100 words per minute. How fast do listeners listen? If all their thoughts were measurable in words per minute,14the answer would seem to be that an audience of any size will average 400 to 500 words per minute as they listen. Here is a problem. The difference between the speaker at 100 words per min
34、ute and the easy thought speed of the listener at 400 or 500 words per minute is a snare and a pitfall.15It lures the listener into a false sense of security and breeds absent-mindedness. OK. I have outlined ten bad listening habits for you. I hope you will become a good listener in the lectures and
35、 class presentations very soon. 【知识 模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 useful/practical/worthwhile 【试题解析】 本题询问懂得聆听的听众会寻找什么样的信息。讲座中两处提到善于聆听的听众会寻找有用的、实在的、有价值的信息。因此，这里可以填 useful或 practical或 worthwhile。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 Criticizing 【试题解析】 本题考查第二个聆听他人说话时不好的习惯。即批判说话者。因此本题填入 Criticizing。 【知识模块】 听力 填空 3 【正确答案】 delivered
36、 【试题解析】 本题询问不好的听众会关注什么。问题是从反面来问，而讲座是从正面来说的。讲座提到，善于聆听的听众不会那么在意讲者的言谈举止以及讲话方式。可见，不好的听众就会关注这些演讲方式。因此，这里考生需要稍微转一下弯，把 delivery转换成动词，填 delivered。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 comprehension is complete 【试题解析】 本题询问我们要等到什么时候才能对别人的演讲做出评论。讲座提到， 要等到完全理解了讲者的观点后才能对其做出评价。因此，这里填comprehension is complete。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案
37、】 main ideas 【试题解析】 本题询问善于聆听的听众会注重听什么样的信息。讲座提到，他们会留意听主要的观点，并将其作为贯穿整这个讲座的一条线。这里填 main ideas。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 organizational pattern 【试题解析】 本题询问善于聆听的听众会在哪方面体现其灵活性。 讲座提到，他们会使自己的笔记与讲者的组织方式相适应。因此，这里填 organizational pattern。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 overt courtesy 【试题解析】 讲座提到第六个不好的习惯就是假装关注说话者。讲座说到，在聆听别人说
38、话时，表面上表现出太过明显的殷勤，并不代表就是一个良好的倾听者。因此本题填入 overt courtesy。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 Increased heart rate 【试题解析】 本题询问真 正认真听对方说话时的人的生理特征。其中一点是会让人心跳加速。因此填入 Increased hear trate。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 body temperature 【试题解析】 讲座提到，专心听讲的人除了心跳会加速、血液循环加快，还会体温会稍稍升高。这里填 body temperature。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 disturba
39、nces 【试题解析】 在谈到第七个坏习惯时，讲座提到， poor listeners除了分神以外，还可能 干扰自己和别人的听讲效率。因此，这里填 disturbances。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 serious presentations 【试题解析】 本题询问不好的听众会避开什么样的演讲。讲座提到，这些观众会对电台和电视的严肃演讲有所回避。这里填 serious presentations。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 emotional load 【试题解析】 录音提到，有些词语带有情感负担，它们可能使得倾听者漠视说话人。故本题填入 emotiona
40、l load。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 125 【试题解析】 本题考查考生记取细节信息的能力。讲座中提到了好几个速度，但题目问的是美国人说话的平均速度 每分钟 125词。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 400 to 500 【试题解析】 本题考查的是数字。录音提到，如果将听众的思维以每分钟听多少词语来衡量的话，那么他们每分钟平均可以听 400至 500个单词。本题填入 400 to 500。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案 】 faster 【试题解析】 本题考查考生总结和推理的能力。讲座提到，人的思考速度是每分钟 400-500词，但一般讲者的速度
41、是每分钟 100词，因此听众会很容易接受甚至会走神。题目问：听众听什么的演讲时会保持注意力，根据讲座所提到的信息，应该是稍快一些的演讲。因此，这里应该填 faster。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 Five Golden Rules for Giving Academic Presentations Good morning everyone. Last time, we talked about how to write a term paper and this time I will talk about how to give academic presentation
42、s. Usually, we have classroom presentation, but academic presentations are somewhat different from those given in classroom. Here are five golden rules for you if you are about to prepare yourselves for an academic presentation. 1RULE No. 1: Dont ever begin with an apology. Everyone has seen speaker
43、s beginning a presentation by apologizing for how unworthy they are, how little of their work is really conclusive, how they hope people will forgive them and so on. No one has ever seen a case in which this improved the reception of the paper or the mood of the audience. If youre going to be bad, t
44、hey wont be pleased that they showed up, and if youre not, then you are just wasting air time.2Pieter Seuren has pointed out to me that the tradition of beginning with an apology is so old that it has a name in Medieval rhetoric: it is called the captatio benevolentiae, or the capturing of the audie
45、nces good will. My point is that an apology simply doesnt work as advertised. Opening up with an apology is like trying to teach a pig to sing: it wastes your time and annoys the pig. Dont ever do it 3RULE No. 2: Dont ever underestimate the audiences intelligence. Few mistakes are worse than making
46、the audience think you think they are stupid. An audience who sees a presentation somewhat too high-powered for them may still grasp some of it, and at the very least its members will feel that they have been flattered with the assumption that they are smart. But the members of an audience who hear
47、a talk pitched too low for them have both wasted an hour and been treated as if they were dumb. It truly adds insult to injury. So while you should always worry that perhaps you are being confusing, you should worry somewhat less about whether what you are saying is difficult.4There are many worse t
48、hings than a difficult and demanding lecture, and a patronizing and superficial lecture is one of them. 5RULE No. 3: Respect the time limits. It is sad to be cut off when you are just about to make your major point. Or even a minor one. Plan your time, and dont let it happen.6The mood of the audience is not going to improve from seeing someone ramble on when they should have been stopped by now so that questions can begin.7A good chair will stop you dead at the agreed time, but dont wait for that: w
