1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 258及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Writing an Argumentative Essay I. The structure of an argumentative essay A. introduction: a topic some【 T1】 _ information【 T1
3、】 _ a thesis statement B. body: all the arguments【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ the【 T3】 _ of the counter-side【 T3】 _ a well-presented counter-argument the writers【 T4】 _ is described with evidence【 T4】 _ C. conclusion:【 T5】 _ the writers position【 T5】 _ II. Steps of writing an argumentative essay A. choose a topic
4、 you are【 T6】 _ and interested in【 T6】 _ B. find a question or point with plenty of【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ C. research; various sources; 1) sources in【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ 2) Internet sources 3)【 T9】 _ sources【 T9】 _ D. go through your research be【 T10】 _ with notes and cue cards【 T10】 _ choose 5 or 6 of the strong
5、est pieces of【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ stick with several【 T12】 _ and expand【 T12】 _ E. write【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ F. write the paper opening sentence: strong and clear thesis statement: clear and in a(n)【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ body parts: fully argued conclusion:【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ G. pay attention to details 1 【 T1】 2 【
6、T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was
7、said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the que
8、stions. （ A） How to fight disease. （ B） How to do aerobic exercise. （ C） The benefit of working out. （ D） The benefit of growing new nerve cells. （ A） A reporter. （ B） A brainpower expert. （ C） A doctor. （ D） An associate professor. （ A） It can help the brain grow new nerve cells. （ B） It can help a
9、void getting Alzheimers disease. （ C） It can help cure mild cognitive impairment. （ D） It can help delay the aging process. （ A） The participants attended a course of aerobic exercise. （ B） The participants were required to do exercise every day. （ C） The final result cannot be observed directly wit
10、h the naked eye. （ D） The research finding proved the effect of aerobic exercise. （ A） They are repairing a web. （ B） They are creating a web. （ C） The size of the brain is increasing. （ D） The brain will function better. （ A） Only hard exercise can help prevent breast cancer. （ B） There is no conne
11、ction between exercise and preventing breast cancer. （ C） Doing exercise can only help those who already have breast cancer. （ D） Doing rigorous exercise can effectively reduce the chance of getting breast cancer. （ A） 26%. （ B） 31%. （ C） 35%. （ D） 40%. （ A） Smoking. （ B） Drinking. （ C） Obesity. （ D
12、） Estrogen. （ A） Estrogen positive type of cancer. （ B） Estrogen negative type of cancer （ C） Alzheimers disease. （ D） All of the above. （ A） Go out and start exercising. （ B） See her doctor. （ C） Join a fraternity. （ D） Do some research. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 258答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this sectio
13、n you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acce
14、ptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Writing an Argumentative Essay Good morning, everyone. Todays lecture is about how to write an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay presents an argument backed by well resear
15、ched and articulated views to persuade the reader or an opposite side. An argumentative essay should ordinarily contain three parts; the introduction, the body and the conclusion. The length and the details of the parts, obviously, will depend on the assignment, the media or even the audience it is
16、directed to. A newspaper article, for instance, will have to consider the size of the space given and the readership, while a college paper will be assigned a certain number of words. (1) The introduction should have a brief explanation of the topic, some background information and a thesis statemen
17、t. In this case, the thesis statement will be a statement of the writers position on the topic being discussed. In the body of the essay, the writer will present both sides of the controversy. (2) Thus the body of the essay should contain all the arguments in detail, on both sides of the coin. (3) A
18、 “fair“ argument presents the strongest points of the counter-side of the issue being discussed. This is followed by a well-presented counter-argument that neatly shoots down each point raised. (4) After this presentation, the position of the writer is described, supported with evidence to show why
19、it is the correct position to take. (5) In the conclusion, the writers position is restated as the most convincing one to take, of course the data, sources and how well it is presented should be helpful in winning the reader to his side of the argument. When you are assigned an argumentative essay i
20、t does not have to be a daunting task. Break up the work into several tasks and never procrastinate. Try not to do the entire essay in a single day. Use the following steps as a guide, take your time, and you will have success. 1. Choose your topic. Your instructor may have a preselected list of top
21、ics for you to choose from. This will help narrow down your search. (6) Choose a topic that you are already familiar with if you can. Also, choose something that you are interested in researching. It will make the process much more enjoyable. 2. Find a question or point to argue within your topic. (
22、7) Be sure that there will be plenty of sources that you can refer to for research. If it is a very unusual or weak argument, you will not find enough evidence to back up your claim. 3. Once you have chosen your topic and argument, it is time to research. (8) Spend plenty of time scouring your schoo
23、ls library, as well as your public library. Do not rely solely on Internet sources, and if you do use the Internet, be sure that your sources are reliable. (9) Find your evidence from not only secondary sources (text books, etc.), but from primary sources as well. These include documents such as let
24、ters, newspaper articles, and government papers. You want to back up your argument with a variety of rich and reliable sources. 4. Go through your research. (10) Take notes, or make cue cards, each with one point, or one quotation. Try to be very organized so that things are simple and easy to acces
25、s once you start writing your paper. (11) Be sure to choose 5 or 6 of the strongest pieces of evidence that back up your argument. There is no need to overload your paper. (12) If you have several convincing points backing you up (as opposed to 15 weaker points) , then stick with them and expand. 5.
26、 (13) Write an outline of your paper. The basic outline is very simple introduction, body, and conclusion. Sketch out your paper, and put in point form what you want to say in each paragraph. 6. Write your paper. Begin with a strong and clear opening sentence that catches the interest of your reader
27、. Present what you are arguing, and give the reader a taste of what your paper is about. (14) It is very important that your thesis statement (argument) is very clear and is written in a single sentence, preferably as the first or the final sentence of the introductory paragraph. The body of your pa
28、per should be several paragraphs. Each paragraph should present evidence that supports the argument. Once you feel you have covered the most important points and have fully argued the thesis, then move on to your conclusion. (15) The conclusion is a brief summary of your paper and should reiterate y
29、our argument. 7. Pay attention to the details. All the “little“ things will not only have an impact on your grade, but they will also have an effect on your success and authority as an essay writer. A well written and researched essay must include great attention to details. If you have any question
30、s or problems while writing your paper, be sure to talk to your instructor. They are a very reliable source that can help you get on track. Once you have polished and perfected your essay, then hand it in with pride, and expect positive results. OK, the above are several steps you can follow to writ
31、e an argumentative essay, from choosing a topic and finding the argument to doing the research and writing the paper. Of course, great attention should be given to the details during the process of writing. Next time, well discuss other kinds of writing successively. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 background 【试
32、题解析】 根据句 (1)可知，介绍部分需包括主题简述、背景信息和论点。因此答案为 background。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 in detail 【试题解析】 根据句 (2)可知，文章主体部分应包含正反双方所有的详细论据。因此答案为 in detail。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 strongest points 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)可知，一个 “公平的 ”辩论会提出所讨论问 题的反面观点的那些最有说服力的地方。因此答案为 strongest points。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 position 【试题解析】 根据句 (4)可知，在用恰当
33、的论证将反面观点最有说服力的地方一一驳倒之后，作者要表明自己的立场，并用证据证明为什么自己的立场是对的。因此答案为 position。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 restate 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，在总结部分，作者应该再次表明自己的立场是最有说服力的。因此答案为 restate。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 familiar with 【试题解析】 写议论文的第一步是选择论题。根据句 (6)可知，如果可能的话，应选择你熟悉的论题。因此答案为 familiar with。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 sources 【试题解析】 写议论文的第二步是选
34、择论题要议论的问题或观点。根据句 (7)可知，这一步要确保你的研究有大量的资源可供查阅。因此答案为 sources。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 libraries 【试 题解析】 写议论文的第三步是做研究。根据句 (8)可知，这一步要花费大量的时间查阅学校图书馆和公共图书馆的资料。因此答案为 libraries。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 primary and secondary 【试题解析】 根据句 (9)可知，在做研究时不仅要从二手资源里找证据，也要从一手资源里找证据，此处可概括答案为 primary and secondary。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确
35、答案】 well-organized 【试题解析】 写议论文的第四步是 检查你的研究。根据句 (10)可知，每一个要点或者每一句引述都要做笔记或者做提示卡片，而且要非常有条理，这样一旦你开始写论文，就可以很轻松地找到你想要的东西，所以答案为 wellorganized。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 evidence 【试题解析】 根据句 (11)可知，在检查研究时要确保选择五六个最有说服力的证据来支撑你的论点，故答案为 evidence。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 convincing points 【试题解析】 根据句 (12)可知，如果你有几个令人信服的要点 (而
36、不是 15个说服力较差的要点 )来支撑你的观点，你应把握住它们并进行扩展延伸，所以答案为convincing points。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 an outline 【试题解析】 根据句 (13)可知，写议论文的第五步是写一个论文提纲。因此答案为 an outline。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 single sentence 【试题解析】 写议论文的第六步是着手写作。根据句 (14)可知，论点非常清晰并且由一个 单句组成是非常重要的，故答案为 single sentence。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 brief 【试题解析】 根据句 (15
37、)可知，着手写议论文时，结论部分是对论文的一个简短总结，并且要重申一下自己的观点，所以答案为 brief。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoke
38、n ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 M: This morning on Todays Health, we a
39、re going to pump you up. (1) You know, working out is obviously good for your body, but this weeks Newsweek Magazine reports there is new evidence showing it can boost your brainpower and fight disease as well. (2) Miriam Nelson is an associate professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts
40、University. Miriam, nice to see you, how are you doing? W: Very well. Thanks for having me. M: So, we are talking about rigorous, aerobic exercise, clearly good for your body. Explain to me in laymans terms if you can now, about this new research that says (3) it can also help your brain grow new ne
41、rve cells. W: Thats right. What weve known for years is that individuals who are physically active have reduced risk of getting Alzheimers disease. Weve also known that people with mild cognitive impairment also have improved function with exercise. Theres some very new research that is very excitin
42、g. (4) And what is seen is its taken 11 individuals, and put them on a about three or four months course of aerobic exercise, four days a week, an hour a day. And what theyve seen through MRI Scan is people are actually growing new nerve cells. M: And.and more new nerve cells mean what to me, someon
43、e in my age group? W: Yeah, what you are.what.my age group too. M: OK, our age group too, right. W: (5) What we are seeing is that the new nerve cells are growing. Theyre increasing a web and theyre weaved and they are connecting. Its all the interconnections of the nerve cells. When you get those c
44、onnections, your brain functions better. Primarily this is in the executive functioning part of the brain in the hippocampus. We are looking at multitasking, memory, problem solving, name recognition lots of things that start to decline as we get older. M: I am sure a lot of people are watching this
45、 right now, Miriam Nelson. Can I make up for the lost time? I dont have a history of exercising throughout my life. Now Im 45 years old, if I start exercising now, do I make a difference? W: Well, certainly. The data we show right now is exercising in your 40s and 50s. Hopefully we wanna start a lit
46、tle bit early, but in your 30s, 40s and 50s, it will make a difference for reducing the risk of getting Alzheimer as you get older. And theres even newer research with children that is also very exciting. This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just
47、heard. 1. What is the topic of this interview? 2. What is Miriam Nelson? 3. According to the interview, what is the benefit of doing exercise? 4. Which of the following statements about the new research is INCORRECT? 5. According to the interview, what do more nerve cells mean? 16 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 句
48、(1)中，主持人提到，做运动明显是对身体有好处的，但是本周的新闻周刊报道说有新的证据证明做运动也可以增强智力，抵御疾病。因此答案为 C。 【知识模块】 听力 17 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 句 (2)中，主持人介绍说米里亚姆纳尔逊是塔夫斯大学弗里德曼营养学院的副教授。因此答案为 D。 【知识模块】 听力 18 【正确答案】 A 【试 题解析】 根据句 (3)可知，这项新的研究称，做运动可以帮助大脑增长新的神经细胞。因此答案为 A。 【知识模块】 听力 19 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据句 (4)可知，米里亚姆提到了一项新的研究，这项研究选取了11个人，让他们上了大约三四个月的有氧
49、运动课，这种课每周上四天，每天上一小时，并没有提到要求参与者每天都做运动。因此答案为 B。 【知识模块】 听力 20 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 句 (5)中，米里亚姆提到，他们所看到的是新的神经细胞在增长。这些细胞正形 成一个网，它们穿插连接在一起。那些都是神经细胞的连接，如果你拥有了那些连接，你的大脑会运转得更好。因此更多的神经细胞意味着大脑运转会更好，答案为 D。 【知识模块】 听力 21 【听力原文】 M: (6-1) Let me switch gears now and turn into the subject of the connection between rigorous exercise and preventing breast cancer. And, specifically I
