1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 268及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Audience Awareness of Writing I. Introduction contents,【 T1】 _ and styles depend on the audience【 T1】 _ the importance of a ke
3、en audience awareness of writing cannot be【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ II. Writers【 T3】 _ to the audience【 T3】 _ Whenever you wite, you are interacting with other members of the society. having a definite impact on the【 T4】 _ of the writing【 T4】 _ . Audiences knowledge of the subject valuable in【 T5】 _ and explan
4、atory writing【 T5】 _ e. g., a paper comparing festivals show the【 T6】 _ and subtle parallels【 T6】 _ IV. Audiences【 T7】 _ to the subject and the writers position【 T7】 _ vitally important in writing【 T8】 _ or argumentative essays【 T8】 _ 【 T9】 _ are needed to convince audience【 T9】 _ three groups of au
5、dience: 1) those who agree: not much need to do 2) those who are【 T10】 _ or undecided【 T10】 _ find the reason address their【 T11】 _ as directly and fully as possible【 T11】 _ 3) those who disagree: the most difficult to write to two main reasons; lacking the “ facts“ or looking at the same “ facts “
6、differently influenced by their personal opinions,【 T12】 _ and【 T12】 _ political or religious beliefs find out reasons, and decide the best【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ give the relevant【 T14】 _ and up-to-date information【 T14】 _ accurately recognize, understand, and【 T15】 _ them accordingly【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【
7、T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was
8、said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the que
9、stions. （ A） Ways to remove fears in marriage. （ B） Ways to recognize lies in marriage. （ C） Advice on classifying lies in marriage. （ D） Advice on building a successful marriage. （ A） Single people. （ B） Married couples. （ C） Future couples. （ D） Everybody. （ A） White lies. （ B） Unintentional lies.
10、 （ C） Intentional lies. （ D） Black lies. （ A） Because we have a lot of intentional lies. （ B） Because we have no permission. （ C） Because no one tells us how to live in truth. （ D） Because we are afraid to lose the one we love. （ A） We will maximize the possibility of having a happy marriage. （ B） W
11、e will avoid the possibility of fighting in marriage. （ C） We will reduce the possibility of getting divorced. （ D） We will minimize the possibility of having a strong marriage. （ A） Because we are not so good. （ B） Because we are imposters. （ C） Because we are self-abandoned. （ D） Because we are af
12、raid to know our real selves. （ A） They can tell both their strengths and limitations. （ B） They can only tell their limitations. （ C） They can only tell their strengths. （ D） They cannot tell their strengths and limitations. （ A） It is about knowing what pleases me. （ B） It is about knowing who I a
13、m. （ C） It is about knowing what I want. （ D） It is about knowing what my interests are. （ A） Helping them know what a real marriage is. （ B） Helping them know how to have a strong marriage. （ C） Helping them recognize lies in marriage. （ D） Helping them figure out if they should be together. （ A） I
14、t is a tool to empower your life and marriage. （ B） It is a bestseller all over the world. （ C） It is No. 1 in its category on The New York Times. （ D） It helps to build a good, strong marriage. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 268答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hea
15、r the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note
16、-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Audience Awareness of Writing Good morning, everyone. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, well concentrate on one of those el
17、ements, the audience. This is a very important aspect of writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials in discussions of writing activities. Why is this concept so important? (1)
18、As shown in the example in our book, the same topic, when written to different audiences, can have very different contents, structures, styles, etc. (2) Thus, the importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process cannot be overemphasized. Audience can be examined from th
19、ree different perspectives: 1. (3) your social relations to your audience; 2. your audiences knowledge about your subject; 3. your audiences attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. Lets discuss them one by one. Now, the first point, analyze your audience in terms of
20、your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a college student? To the director of your business firm? To the Admissions Office of an American college? (4) In each situation, you have a different social rel
21、ationship with your audience, and this relation has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies. The second point, analyze your audience in terms of
22、 their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. (5) This analysis is valuable, particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving Day. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have ab
23、out the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you want to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know, while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what the
24、y are so eager to learn. (6) The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed information on each holiday. (7) Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your posi
25、tion in the writing. (8) This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. (9) In a persuasive essay, you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or take a position or a specif
26、ic action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify the audience into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree. When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to d
27、o? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is repeat why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countrie
28、s and of the whole world. (10) When writing to the audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say, you want to propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. Y
29、ou are concerned that with todays new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such aid come from? What are the spec
30、ific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? (11) Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when the
31、ir questions are answered satisfactorily. And the audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice, therefore, it is extremely difficult to chang
32、e their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously. There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: 1) because they dont have the “facts“ , or because they look at the same “facts“ differently; (12) 2) because they are influenced by
33、their personal opinions, prejudices, and political or religious beliefs. (13) Once you have found out why they disagree, you can decide what the best approach to such audiences is. (14) If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up-to-date information
34、 as accurately as possible. (15) If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly. Now, we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. And in the next lecture, well discuss the writing
35、purpose and your role in the writing. Thank you for your attention! 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 structures 【试题解析】 根据句 (1)可知，同样的主题，读者不同，其内容、结构和风格等也会不同。因此答案为 structures。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 overemphasized 【试题解析】 根据句 (2)可知，写作过程中对读者的深刻认识异常重要。因此答案为 overemphasized。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 social relations 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)
36、可知，分析读 者的第一个角度是作者与读者之间的社会关系。因此答案为 social relations。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 shape 【试题解析】 根据句 (4)可知，不同的情况下，作者和读者之间的关系都有所不同，而且这种关系对作者的写作形式都有一定的影响。因此答案为 shape。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 informative 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，从读者对写作主题的了解程度方面分析读者十分有用，尤其是在信息性写作和说明性写作中。因此答案为 informative。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 striking differences
37、【试题解析】 根据句 (6)可知，应该重点介绍这两个节日显著的差别和细微的相似之处，而不应详尽地介绍每个节日。因此答案为 striking differences。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 attitudes or viewpoints 【试题解析】 根据句 (7)可知，第三点是从读者对写作主题和作者立场的态度或观点方面分析读者。因此答案为 attitudes or viewpoints。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 persuasive 【试题解析】 根据句 (8)可知，分析读者的态度和观点对于写作更加复杂、更具有挑战性的劝说性或议论性文章尤为重要。因此答案为 per
38、suasive。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 reasons and arguments 【试题解析】 根据句 (9)可知，在劝说性文章的写作中，作者应给出理由和论据使读者相信他们应接受某种信念，坚持某种立场或采取某种行动。因此答案为reasons and arguments。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 neutral 【试题解析】 根据句 (10)可知，在写作对象是持中立态度或犹豫不定的读者时，作者要做的事最多，也能期待获得很多。因此答案为 neutral。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 doubts and concerns 【试题解析】 根据句 (11)
39、可知，一旦作者发现了读者犹豫不定的原因，就要尽可能直接且彻底地解决读者的疑虑和担忧。因此答案为 doubts and concerns。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 prejudices 【试题解析】 根据句 (12)可知，第二个导致读者不赞同作者的原因是读者受到他们个人观点、偏见和政治或宗教信仰的影响。因此答案为 pre2iudices。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 approach 【试题解析】 根据句 (13)可知，一旦找到读者不赞同的原因，就能够决定什么是应对这类读者的最佳解决方式。因此答案为 approach。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 hist
40、orical 【试题解析】 根据句 (14)可知，如果是信息缺乏，就需要给读者一些尽可能准确的相关历史信息和最新信息。因此答案为 historical。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 address 【试题解析】 根据句 (15)可知，如果是个人、政治和宗教原因，就需要相应地认识它们，了解它们，从而去解决它们。因此答案为 address。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At
41、the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each questi
42、on on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 M: When couples get married, they often promise to love, honor and cherish each other. Too often, those traditional wedding vows turn out to be nothing but empty promises. Psychologist Dr. Robin Smith says it doesnt
43、have to be that way. (1) Her new book Lies at the Altar offers advice on building a happy and healthy marriage. Dr. Robin, good morning! W: Good morning! M: So great to have you here! W: Im happy to be here, Jack. M: OK. You didnt necessarily write this for couples who are married or people whore th
44、inking of getting married. (2-1) Its written for everyone, right? W: (2-2) Yeah. Its what the book is really about. Lies at the Altar is talking about living more in the truth than in lies. Lies about what? About who we are. And so when we dont know who we are, its actually impossible to create, to
45、carve and to build the life and relationship of our dreams. M: (3) When you say lies at the altar, these are not intentional lies. Its not like the bride and the groom were saying, yeah, Im going to love and cherish you, but Im really not. Its you think you are, but you dont know who you are yet? W:
46、 You dont know who you are and often unfortunately because of the models that weve had in our families also on television. (4) There hasnt been anyone who has given us permission, who has shown us the path into living more in the truth, so were afraid to let someone know who we are. Because maybe th
47、ey wont love us, maybe they wont choose us, maybe theyll decide thats not the person they want to spend their life with. (5) What we dont know is that if we live with that kind of fear, and we live covering up who we really are, we are cheating ourselves and minimizing the possibility of really havi
48、ng a good, strong marriage. I mean, my message is pro-marriage, but its about being married and being smart. This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. 1. What is the book, Lies at the Altar, mainly about? 2. What kind of people did Dr. Robi
49、n write this book for? 3. What do lies at the altar refer to? 4. Which is NOT a reason why we are afraid to let someone know who we really are? 5. According to the woman, what will happen if we live covering up who we really are? 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据句 (1)可知，这本书旨在为建立一场幸福又健康的婚姻提供建议。因此答案为 D。 【知识模块】 听力 17 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据句 (2一 1)和 (22)可知，罗宾博士的这本书是写给所有人的，故答案为
