1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 273及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 The Difference Between Spoken and Written English I. The definition of speech and writing two【 T1】 _methods of communication【
3、T1】 _ speech: the【 T2】 _of transmission of language【 T2】 _ writing: marking a surface with words II. The necessity of knowing the differences the learner aspires to grip and command the language acquire language skills【 T3】 _and completely【 T3】 _ III. Differences between spoken and written English A
4、. Physical difference 【 T4】 _substance: the medium used in speech【 T4】 _ graphic substance: the hand creating marks on a surface differences in the use of【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ B. The degree of formality: spoken English is less formal -no【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ no role of spelling speakers【 T7】 _the basic rules of g
5、rammar【 T7】 _ speakers make efforts to learn correct【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ C. Features of speech:【 T9】 _, active and not last long【 T9】 _ no time lag between production and reception no time for【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ it contains loudness, tempo, rhythm, intonations and pauses aided by【 T11】 _and gestures【 T11】 _
6、D. Difficulty in learning: written English is easier do not come with an accent take better advantage of【 T12】 _than of accent【 T12】 _ reasonably simple to master IV. Tips for language learners pay heed to both forms【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ 【 T14】 _the language【 T14】 _ 【 T15】 _all the important aspects【 T15
7、】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked
8、 about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to
9、 preview the questions. （ A） Boosting your brainpower. （ B） Fighting against Alzheimer. （ C） Fighting against breast cancer. （ D） Helping with severe cognitive repairment. （ A） She is working in college. （ B） Her study shows workout is good for our brains. （ C） She is about 45-50 years old. （ D） Her
10、 research subjects are female. （ A） Executive function. （ B） Memorizing function. （ C） Problem solving function. （ D） Name recognition function. （ A） Supportive. （ B） Oppositive. （ C） Neutral. （ D） Indifferent. （ A） People in their childhood. （ B） People in their 20s. （ C） People in their 30s. （ D）
11、People in their 40s and 50s. （ A） The research conducted by Newsweek Magazine. （ B） The research conducted by the Friedman School. （ C） The Nurses Health Study. （ D） The California Teacher Study. （ A） The time range of the study. （ B） The number of women followed. （ C） The result of the study. （ D）
12、The decrease rate of disease. （ A） High level of some kind of hormone. （ B） Poor physical health. （ C） A grumpy lifestyle. （ D） A family history of breast cancer. （ A） Having exercise at once. （ B） Going to see a doctor. （ C） Having a good working team. （ D） Going for help from your family. （ A） Bec
13、ause she wants to keep slim. （ B） Because she wants to cure breast cancer. （ C） Because she wants to avoid Alzheimer. （ D） Because she wants to confirm her research result. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 273答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONC
14、E ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIR
15、TY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原 文】 The Difference Between Spoken and Written English Good morning everyone, todays lecture is about the difference between spoken and written English.(1)Speech and writing are two independent methods of communication.(2)Speech is “the oral medium of
16、 transmission of language, i. e. the spoken language“. Writing involves marking a surface with words that convey ones thoughts and ideas and as Crystal remarks “written English has provided the standard that society values, and its relative permanence and worldwide circulation have given it a very s
17、pecial place with the life of the community. “ Every language learner aspires to have a good grip and command over both spoken and written language.(3)Failure in expressing either of them will render him ineffective and incomplete when it comes to acquiring language skills in true sense of word. Bot
18、h forms of language, therefore, are very important. They differ from each other to a great extent. The following are some of the major differences in both spoken and written language. (4)One difference that exists between speech and writing is the distinction between the phonic and the graphic subst
19、ances. The former is the medium used in speech, where the vocal organs produce air-pressure movements. The latter is used in writing, which consists of the hand creating marks on a surface. However, this physical difference is not the only factor that distinguishes the two mediums.(5)There are also
20、differences such as the use of grammar and vocabulary which also differ according to whether the person is speaking or writing to convey information. On top of the above, spoken English is very informal while written English is formal.(6)No punctuation is needed in spoken English because we are aide
21、d by facial expressions, gestures, body language to express our meaning effectively and properly. On the other hand, written English is ineffective and handicapped without proper use of punctuation. Many speakers are bold and confident at the time of speaking. But most of them find themselves lackin
22、g in confidence and reluctant to write because they know that once they write, their words are recorded and they cannot defend themselves. Their mistakes are exposed in writing. In spoken English, there is no role of spelling. But spelling does play a very important role in writing. Many good speake
23、rs are found being a horrible speller of the word. Their spelling lowers their image and impression among their colleagues and their readers.(7)Speakers often ignore some of the basic rules of grammar, for they are only interested in conveying their messages. They do not stick to the rules of gramma
24、r. On the other hand, writing is never accurate and impressive unless it is grammatically correct and error-free. Therefore, all the great and successful writers give grammar its due importance in their writings. Spelling is what creates problems for many writers, and in the same way pronunciation i
25、s a problem for many speakers. Many speakers find it difficult to pronounce the words correctly.(8)They have to make efforts to learn correct pronunciation while writers have no such worries. (9)Speech is time-based, active and does not last long.(10)There is no time lag between production and recep
26、tion and given the spontaneity and speed with which speech is produced there is no time for planning. We usually think while talking and this results in looser construction, repetition, rephrasing and comment clauses such as “Jack is ugly, I think“. Nevertheless, speech also contains loudness, tempo
27、, rhythm, and other intonations and pauses that cannot be easily transmuted to the written form.(11)Facial expressions and gestures often aid meaning as well as deictic expressions which refer directly to the situation. These features can all be contained in speech but are not written down with much
28、 effectiveness. Hearing and understanding spoken English can be more difficult than understanding written English for another very simple reason: written English usually does not come with an accent. Accent is different to dialect, although they often go together.(12)English in the written form can
29、take better advantage of dialect than of accent. Where an accent will be the sound a speaker makes when using a specific set of words relating to the locality they were raised, but the words remain the same, a dialect is a pattern of language use that may substitute new words or meanings to existing
30、 words. Actually, written English is reasonably simple to master, especially if you are only going to use it in the written: form. Spoken English is much harder to learn and use effectively. (13)With so much difference between these two forms of English, it is prime duty of every one aspiring to bec
31、ome a good language learner to pay heed to both forms equally to have a good command over English. If one is able to do so, he is sure to win admiration and appreciation from his readers and listeners to the great extent. (14)To conclude, a good language learner always respects the language he inten
32、ds to learn.(15)Therefore, he takes keen interest in acquiring this language, not leaving any important aspect untouched and uncovered. Such a learner is always successful. OK, today, we have discussed the differences between spoken English and written English. To sum up, spoken English and written
33、English differ in the aspect of medium as well as whether it is informal or formal, time-based or not, simple or hard to learn and so on. Next time, well continue to talk about it further. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 independent 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (1)可知，口语和写作是两种独立的交流方式，故答案为 independent。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 o
34、ral medium 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (2)可知，口语是语言传达的口头媒介，所以填 oral medium。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 effectively 【试题解析】 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。根据句 (3)可知，如果没有良好的口语及书面表达能力，从实质上讲，学习者就不能有效、完整地掌握语言技能，故答案为 effectively。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 phonic 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (4)可知，口语和书面语的一个区别是声音介质和符号介质的差别，故答案为 phonic。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 gr
35、ammar and vocabulary 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (5)可知，口语和书面语在语法和词汇的使用上也有不同，所以填 graxtunar and vocabulary。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【 正确答案】 punctuation 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (6)可知，口语中无需标点符号，故答案为 punctuation。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 ignore 【试题解析】 本题设题点在结果处。根据句 (7)可知，由于说话者只对传递信息感兴趣，所以他们常常忽略基本的语法规则。此空需要填入一个动词，故答案为ignore。 【知识模块】 听力
36、 8 【正确答案】 pronunciation 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (8)可知，说话者 必须努力学习正确的发音，而书写的人则没有这种担忧，所以填 pronunciation。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 time-based 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (9)可知，口语以时间为基础，非常活跃且持续时间短，故答案为 time-based。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 planning 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (10)可知，口语的语言输出与语言接收之间没有时间间隔，并且由于语言的自发性和语速特点，说话者无法对所说的内容做好提 前
37、规划，所以填 planning。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 facial expressions 【试题解析】 本题设题点在并列关系处。根据句 (11)可知，面部表情和手势常常有助于了解表达的含义以及直接与情形有关的指示词语，故答案为 facial expressions。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 dialect 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (12)可知，书面形式的英语能更好地运用方言而不是口音，故答案为 dialect。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 equally 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (13)可知，鉴于英语口语与书面语
38、之间的诸多差异，为了学好英语，给予口语和书面语同等的重视是每个渴望学好语言的人的首要职责。此处需填入一个副词，故答案为 equally。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 respect 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (14)可知，总的来说，一个优秀的语言学习者总是会尊重他想要学习的语言，所以填 respect。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答 案】 cover touch 【试题解析】 本题设题点在结果处。根据句 (15)可知，学习者对掌握这门语言会非常感兴趣，不会忽略任何重要的方面。此空需填入动词，故答案概括起来为cover或 touch。 【知识模块】 听力 SECT
39、ION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. D
40、uring the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 Interviewer(M)Miriam Nelson(W) Now, listen to Part One of the interview. M: This morning on Todays Health,
41、 we are going to pump you up. You know, working out is obviously good for your body, but this weeks Newsweek Magazine reports(1-1)there is new evidence that it can boost your brainpower and fight disease as well.(2-1)Miriam Nelson is an associate professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tuft
42、s University. Miriam, nice to see you. How are you doing? W: Very well. Thanks for having me. M: So, we are talking about rigorous, aerobic exercise, clearly good for your body. Explain to me in laymans terms if you can now, about(2-2)this new research that says it can also help your brain grow new
43、nerve cells. W: Thats right.(1-2)What weve known for years is that individuals who are physically active have reduced risk of getting Alzheimers disease. Weve also known that people with mild cognitive impairment also have improved function with exercise. Theres some very new research just coming ou
44、t, which is very exciting. And what is seen is it has taken 11 individuals, and put them on a about 3 or 4 months course of aerobic exercise4 days a week, an hour. And what theyve seen through MRI Scan is people are actually growing new nerve cells. M:(2-3)And more new nerve cells mean what to me is
45、 someone in my age group. W:(2-4)Yeah, my age group, too. M: OK, our age group too, right. W: What we are seeing is that the new nerve cells are growing. Theyre increasing a web and theyre weaved and connecting. Its all the interconnections of the nerve cells.(3)When you get those connections, your
46、brain functions better: primarily this is in the executive functioning part of the brain. We are looking at multi-tasking, memory, problem solving, name recognition lots of things that start to decline as we get older. M: I am sure a lot of people are watching this right now, Miriam Nelson. Can I ma
47、ke up for lost time? I dont have a history of exercising throughout my life.(2-5)(4-1)Now in 45-50 years old, if I start exercising now, do I make a difference? W:(4-2)Well, certainly.(4-3)(5)The data we show right now are exercising in your 40s and 50s. Hopefully we want to start a little bit earli
48、er, but in your 30s, 40s and 50s, it will make a difference for reducing the risk of getting Alzheimer as you get older. And theres even newer research with children that is also very exciting. This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. 1. W
49、hich of the following functions about working out is NOT found by researchers? 2. Which of the following statements about Miriam Nelson is INCORRECT? 3. What are interconnections of the nerve cells in the brain primarily beneficial for? 4. Whats Miriams attitude towards the interviewers idea about starting working out now? 5. Which of the following people are N
