1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 295及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Five Types of Books I. Introduction A. Reading for information, hoping to improve our minds with the information acquired give
3、 us the means to improve our lives B. Reading prodigiously & reading【 T1】 _: two different things【 T1】 _ to read books that increase【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ to read books that helps improve our chances of a happy living II. The first choice: books about【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ A. Including not only scientific text book
4、s, but also the books that increase our understanding of the【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ B. The value of these books: the development of【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ the methods of learning how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence inspiring wonder and respect for【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ III. The second choice: philo
5、sophy A. Teaching us to understand【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ B. Including: the classic philosophical works the great texts of【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ IV. The third choice: serious fiction A. Great works of fiction: containing more truth B. Fiction:【 T9】 _ experiences【 T9】 _ C. Serious fiction: containing a lot of philoso
6、phy, psychology & history D. Great fiction: being also【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ V. The fourth choice:【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ A. helping us to interpret our own times B. recognizing modern prejudices and the nature of humanity C. Increasing our self understanding D. Teaching us that ideas and morality are【 T12】 _【 T
7、12】 _ VI. The last type: poetry A. Producing a feeling of【 T13】 _ for the power of words【 T13】 _ B. Appreciation of poetry: essential for reading sharpening language skills -【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ VII. Resources A. No formal set of【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ B. The Internet 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6
8、【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 The Popularity of English I. Present status of English A English as a native/first language B English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among people whose【 T1】 _ are different【 T1】 _ C Number
9、of people speaking English as a first or a second language: 【 T2】 _ -380 million native speakers【 T2】 _ 250-【 T3】 _ million speakers of English as a second【 T3】 _ language II. Reasons for the popular use of English A【 T4】 _ reasons【 T4】 _ 【 T5】 _ brought the language to America:【 T5】 _ British settl
10、ers brought the language to Australia: English was used as a means of control in【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ B Economic reasons spread of【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ language of communication in the【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ C【 T9】 _ in international travel【 T9】 _ use of English in travel and tourism 【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ language of announcem
11、ent language of【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ D【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ use of English in the academic world language of【 T13】 _ or journal articles【 T13】 _ E Popular culture pop music on【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ films from the USA III. Questions to think about A status of English in the future B【 T15】 _ of distinct varieties of
12、English【 T15】 _ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 295答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While li
13、stening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to pr
14、eview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Five Types of Books Good morning. This lecture is going to introduce 5 types of books that can increase intelligence. As you know, we read for information, with the hope that information we acquire will improve our minds, giving us the means to improve our lives.
15、 In the modern Age of Information, more reading material is available than ever, making it increasingly difficult to allocate our reading time efficiently. All books are not created equal, and it follows that all readers are not equal either. To read prodigiously and to read profitably are two very
16、different things. A great amount of time is wasted reading books that are forgotten a short time after theyre completed. But time spent reading books that cultivate intelligence and wisdom is a labor that yields continuous benefit over a lifetime. Although it is certainly necessary, for the purposes
17、 of business and everyday life, to read about the latest news and trends, that type of reading is outside the scope of this article. My aim is to encourage the reading of books that permanently increase intelligence and, as a result, improve our chances of leading prosperous and fulfilling lives. Th
18、e first choice is books about science. Science is not restricted to scientific text books. It includes all books that increase our understanding of the natural world. This includes books on commerce and society, with the unifying theme being the use of evidence to explain events. The great value of
19、these books comes, not from the theories they prove which will likely be disproved in the future, but from the development of curiosity and the methods of learning. Scientific books teach us how to investigate our intuition and validate it with evidence. They also inspire wonder and respect for the
20、physical world and for our own intellect. Then, philosophy comes as our second choice. In ancient times, science and philosophy grew from the seed of analytical thought. If science teaches us to understand the outside world, philosophy teaches us to understand ourselves. It could very well be called
21、 the science of human life. In addition to the classic philosophical works, this category also includes the great religious texts. The Bible, Koran, Bhagavad Gita, etc. are not universally valuable because of religious dogma, but because of the wisdom and beauty that has inspired billions to live lo
22、ving, pious lives. It is an unfortunate modern bias that philosophy is considered irrelevant. Although we worship at the shrine of modern technology, this is still a very human world. Philosophy will increase your understanding of human needs and desires, knowledge that is essential for spreading id
23、eas and predicting human behavior. The third one is serious fiction. Id like to permanently discredit the belief that fictional works are inferior because theyre only “made up stories“. Only a person totally devoid of imagination could believe that. Great works of fiction contain more truth than any
24、 other literary genre because they allow the reader to experience a new reality. Fiction creates experiences that elevate your level of consciousness. Serious fiction also contains a great deal of philosophy, psychology, and history. Truman Capote said that a good novel is worth more than any scient
25、ific study. For the purpose of increasing individual human intelligence, Im inclined to agree. Great fiction is also great language. And as Ive written before, reading great language is the only way to become a better writer. It will also make you a better thinker, speaker, and conversationalist. Mo
26、reover, history books are also included. History feels boring because as children it meant dull text books, memorizing dates, and tedious lectures. And who can blame us? The public schools have done their best to take the humanity out of history. But at its best, history is fascinating anecdotes, re
27、markable characters, and the evolution of ideas that have shaped civilization. By learning about the past we are able to interpret our own times. We are able to recognize modern prejudices and the nature of humanity. Although history may not help us predict the future, it increases self understandin
28、g and awareness. It teaches us the timelessness of ideas and morality. The last type is poetry. I saved poetry for last because convincing you to take it seriously provides the greatest challenge. Poetry arouses images of Shakespearian actors reciting flowery rhymes. Its no wonder most people think
29、it lacks substance and applicability. But to maintain this opinion is to ignore one of the great joys of human intelligence and underestimate the mysterious power of words. Its no coincidence that many languages use the same word for poet and prophet. The reading of great poetry produces a feeling t
30、hat cannot be adequately described, a feeling of awe and reverence for the power of words. Great poetry is the fusion of music and meaning. It is the medium of humanitys most ancient masterpieces. Poetry sharpens language skills and develops eloquence. Meaning is only half of the great language. The
31、 best authors write with a style that is both pleasurable and instructive. An appreciation of poetry is essential for reaching this degree of excellence. As to resources, I cant make a formal set of recommendations. There are just too many great books and my experience is too limited. How could I pr
32、esume to know your tastes or area of interest? What I can do is point out a couple of places where youll be sure to find something of interest. Anyone who follows this site knows that Im a whore for the old stuff. Strangely, the Internet is the best thing thats happened to old books since the printi
33、ng press. Bartleby contains an extensive collection of materials that are well formatted for online reading. You should read for self improvement, not to feel educated and superior. Reading, even the most rigorous intellectual type, should be a labor of love. It might be easier to read lighter books
34、, but the moments of discovery created by challenging books are more pleasurable and exhilarating than any suspense novel. If you make an effort to read more profitably, youll be rewarded with wisdom, beauty, and many hours of productive leisure. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 profitably usefully 【试题解析】 讲座的主题
35、是 “5 types of books that can increase intelligence(类能够提高智力的书 )”，根据原文 “广泛地阅读和有益地阅读是不同的 ”，可知答案为profitably(也可填意思相近的 usefully)。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 intelligence and wisdom 【试题解析】 讲座谈到，花时间读书是个苦力活， 它能够培养智力和智慧，让你在一生中受益。空格处缺少的正是 intelligence and wisdom。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 science 【试题解析】 此题开始列举 5类提高智力的书，基
36、于原文，第一类是关于science，即可知答案。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 natural world 【试题解析】 科学类的书是指那些能够增加我们对自然世界认识的书。填入录音原词 natural world即可。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【 正确答案】 curiosity learning desire 【试题解析】 此题是上一题的分项内容，具体说明此类书的价值。根据原文 “这类书的价值不在于其中包含的理论，而在于其激发了人们的求知欲 (curiosity)，提供了学习方法 ”，由此可知答案为 curiosity，也可填表示 “学习兴趣 ”的 learning desir
37、e。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 the physical world our own intellect 【试题解析】 此题和上一题并列，继续具体说 明此类书的价值。根据原文 “它们能激发对物质世界及人类智力的好奇和尊敬 ”，可知答案为 the physical world或our own intellect。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 ourselves 【试题解析】 此题具体谈论关于科学和哲学这两类书的不同之处。根据原文 “如果说科学教我们理解外部的世界，哲学则教我们理解我们自己 (ourselves)”，可知答案为 ourselves。 【知识模块】 听力
38、填空 8 【正确答案】 religion 【试题解析】 此 题具体说明哲学书所包含的内容，原文提到 “除了经典哲学作品，这一类书目也包含伟大的宗教 (religious)篇章 ”原文出现的是形容词，而题目需要填入名词，因此答案为 religion。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 creating budding 【试题解析】 此题具体谈到第三种类型的书，即 “小说能提供提升意识水平的经验 ”，根据考题空格前后内容可知 B、 C并列，空白处应填入和 containing形式相同的词。原文中的关键词为 creates，需变为动词 -ing形式，故答案为 creating或bunding
39、。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 great language 【试题解析】 讲座提到，伟大的小说也是伟大的语言，即 great language。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 history books 【试题解析】 讲座提到的第四种类型的书是历史书，即 history books。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 timeless 【试题解析】 此题具体谈到第四种类型的书，录音材料提到 It teaches us the timelessness of ideas and morality原文出现的是名词 timelessness，题目要求填入形容
40、词，故填入 timeless。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 awe and reverence 【试题解析】 此题具体谈到第五种类型的书，根据原文 “读好诗会使人产生一种感觉，一种对文字力量的敬畏感 ”，再对照考题可知答案为 awe and reverence。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 developing eloquence 【试题解析】 讲座提到，诗歌增强了人们的语言技巧和口才。根据题目设置规律，这里用 -ing形式，与 sharpening 并列。填 developing eloquence。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 recomme
41、ndations 【试题解析】 此题改变话题，谈到 resources，作者的观点是 I cant make a formal set of recommendations。由此可知答案为 recommendations。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 The Popularity of English Good morning, everyone! Todays lecture is about the popularity of English. As we all know, English is widely used in the world. Although Eng
42、lish is not the language with the largest number of native or first language speakers, it has really become a lingua franca. Then what is a lingua franca? The term refers to a language which is widely adopted for communication between two speakers whose native languages are different from each other
43、s, and where one or both speakers are using it as a second language. For example, when an Indian talks to a Singaporean using English, then English is the lingua franca. Then actually how many people speak English as either a first or a second language? Some researchers suggested a few years ago tha
44、t between 320 to 380 million people spoke English as a first language and anywhere between 250 to 350 million as a second language. And of course if we include people who are learning English as a foreign language all over the world, that number may increase dramatically. Then we may ask a question,
45、 “How did English get there?“ That is “How did English gain the present status of popularity?“ There are, in fact, a number of interlocking reasons for the popularity of English as a lingua franca. Many of the reasons are historical, but they also include economic and cultural factors that have infl
46、uenced and sustained the spread of the language. Lets go through the reasons one by one. First is the historical reason. This is related to the colonial history. As we know when the Pilgrim Fathers landed on the Massachusetts Coast in 1620 after their journey from England, they brought with them not
47、 just a set of the religious beliefs, a pioneering spirit or a desire for colonization, but also their language. Although many years later the Americans broke away from their colonial master, the language of English remained and still does. It was the same in Australia, too. When Commander Phillip p
48、lanted the British flag in Sidney Cove on the 26th of January, 1788, it was not just a bunch of British convicts and their guardians, but also a language. In other parts of the former British Empire, English rapidly became a unifying or dominating means of control. For example, it became a lingua franca in India where a variety of indigenous languages made the use of any one of them as a whole country system problematic. So the imposition of English as the one language of administration helped mai
