1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 309及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【 T1】 _ around the world【 T1】 _ B. the classical example
3、of two-party system: the American political system the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【 T2】 _ parties【 T2】 _ the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen parties that nominate【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because there is usual
4、ly no other place to go most Americans know where they【 T4】 _ in the system【 T4】 _ II. Two-party system is so strongly【 T5】 _ because【 T5】 _ A The way【 T6】 _ are conducted: the Americans elect【 T6】 _ 【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ about 800,000 of other【 T8】 _,【 T8】 _ the congressman from single-member districts B.
5、 Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that major party can maintain its【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ major party is likely to win III. The consequences of the system A the【 T10】 _ production of majorities【 T10】 _ the competition between two parties the【 T11】 _ of the victory of the winning party【 T
6、11】 _ B. The peaceful【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power two-party system cannot be destroyed the【 T13】 _ can survive the defeat because of【 T13】 _ a)the possibility of mamtaining a【 T14】 _ of the opposition【 T14】 _ b)the attraction of the support of those op
7、posed to the party in power C. the tendency for the major parties to be【 T15】 _,【 T15】 _ e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】
8、 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each
9、 question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） It includes all the compensation for loss. （ B） It includes a cert
10、ificate of posting. （ C） It is perfect for sending documents of minor value. （ D） It is usually handled by very particular couriers. （ A） All kinds of parcels. （ B） Airway letters. （ C） Railway letters. （ D） Inland postal packets. （ A） It is signed by the recipient. （ B） It provides the recipient co
11、nfirmation of delivery. （ C） It is free of charge. （ D） It will cost less at the time of posting. （ A） The compensation for loss is limited. （ B） It will pay for valuable items. （ C） The compensation process is speedy. （ D） The compensation is inadmissible. （ A） Recorded delivery is suitable for sen
12、ding valuable things. （ B） Recorded delivery is a service with extra security. （ C） The packet is signed for by the addressee and a record is kept by the post office. （ D） The post office delivers recorded delivery to the addressee in person. （ A） The packet should be fastened with adhesive substanc
13、e. （ B） The packets should be posted in the mailbox. （ C） The packets neednt be posted with relevant fee. （ D） The packets neednt be wrapped in a strong cover. （ A） Its contents can resist easy damage. （ B） Registered post provides a protection against damage. （ C） Registered post receives no specia
14、l security treatment （ D） There is special security treatment for registered post. （ A） Partially included. （ B） Already covered. （ C） Partially stamped. （ D） Already excluded. （ A） Coupons enclosed in the registered letter envelopes. （ B） Trading stamps sold by the post office. （ C） Bank notes and
15、currency notes. （ D） All precious articles sold by the post office. （ A） Neither of them accepts any airway letters. （ B） They both deliver mails to the addressee in person. （ C） Both require that the Advice of Delivery Form be signed by the post office official. （ D） Recorded delivery doesnt compen
16、sate for bank notes, but registered post does. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 309答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN T
17、HREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 The American Two-party System Good morning, everyone. Today Id like to di
18、scuss with you the two-party system in America. Basically speaking, nowadays, no one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a century, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the
19、 world. The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about dozen parties nominate presidential candidates. We call it a two-party system because we
20、have two large parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections. The Democratic and Republican parties are the largest and most compet
21、itive organizations in the American community. They organize the electorate very simply by maintaining the two-party system. Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them to go. Moreover, because the rivalry of these parties is very old,
22、 most Americans know where they belong in the system. As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties, most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats. Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years, but the system h
23、as survived all assaults. When comes to this point, you may be wondering how does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics? The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted. In the United States, unlike countries with a parliamentary sy
24、stem of government, we elect not only the President, but a large number of other officials, about 800,000 of them. We also elect congressmen from single-member districts. For example, we elect 435 members of the House of Representatives from 435 districts, one member for each district. Statistically
25、, this kind of election favors the major parties. The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position, because they are likely to win more than their share of the offices. As it has been clearly showed that one of the great consequences of the system is th
26、at it produces majorities automatically. Because there are only two competitors in the running, it is almost inevitable that one will receive a majority. Moreover, the system tends slightly to exaggerate the victory of the winning party. This is not always true, but the strong tendency to produce ma
27、jorities is built into the system. In over 200 years of constitutional history, Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to make possible the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. At the level of presidential elections, the party in power h
28、as been overturned by the party out of power nineteen times, almost once a decade. In the election of 1860, the political system broke down, and the Civil War, the worst disaster in American history, resulted. Our history justifies our confidence in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof
29、. The second major party is able to survive a defeat because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party operates even more strongly in favor of the second party a-gainst the third, fourth, and fifth parties. As a result, the defeated major party is able to maintain a
30、monopoly of the opposition. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power. The second party is importan
31、t as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power, because it is certain to come into power sooner or later. Another consequence of the two-party system is that whereas minor parties are likely to identify themselves with special interests or special programs and thus take
32、extreme positions, the major parties are so large that they tend to be moderate. Evidence of the moderation of the major parties is that much business is conducted across party lines. What happens when the Democrats control one house of Congress and the Republicans control the other? About the same
33、volume of legislation is passed as when one party controls both houses, although some important legislation is likely to be blocked temporarily. It is possible to carry on the work of the government even when party control is divided because party differences are not fundamental. Finally, to sum up
34、the lecture today. As we know that it is not an easy job to fully understand the two-party system in the United States of America. Therefore, I hope this lecture will at least give a gist of the history of the two-party system and how it works as one of the most complete political systems in the wor
35、ld. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 rivalries competitors 【试题解析】 讲座开篇就提到了美国两党之间的竞争， “是世界上最早的政治竞争 (rivalries)之一 ”。由此可知答案为 rivalries，或其同义词 competitors。要点提示词 one of后的信息是常考之处，笔记中不可忽视。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 Republican 【试题解析】 在提到 dominant party的时候，讲座人提到了两大政党 “民主党(Democratic)和共和党 (Republican)”，因此答案为 Republican。录音中多次提及美国两大
36、政党的名称，多次提及之处为常考内容，做笔记时需注意。此题也可根据文化常识直接得出答案。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 presidential candidates 【试题解析】 讲座谈到，通常来说，有十来个政党都会提名总统候选人。空格处填入录音原词 presidential candidates。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 belong 【试题解析】 录音提到 “多数 美国人知道自己属于 (belong)两党中的哪一派 ”，结合题目可知答案为 belong。 Moreover为表示递进意义的连词，其后内容往往是出题点，应特别注意。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 r
37、ooted 【试题解析】 讲座人提到 “两党制是如何能如此坚实地扎根于 (rooted)美国政治中的呢 ”，可知答案为 rooted。讲座人通过问句的形式来引起听众的注意，其后的内容通常比较重要，笔记中不可忽视。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 elections 【试题解析】 在谈 到为什么会出现两党制时，讲座谈到，可能是由于选举方式。空格处缺少的是 elections一词。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 president 【试题解析】 在美国，人们不仅可以选举总统，还可以选 80万的官员。官员在下一行出现，可见这里填入 president。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答
38、案】 officials 【试题解析】 在讲到为什么两党制在美国的地位如此稳固时，讲座人提到了两个原因，第一个原因是美国的选举方式， “不仅选举了总统，还选举了很多官员(officials)，大概有 80万 ”。因此答案为 officials。如果笔记中未能记下相关内容，可以分析空格上下的分项并列内容，判断美国除了总统和国会议员之外，还有其他的政府官员，也可推测答案应为 officials。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 dominant position dominance 【试题解析】 讲座人接着提到两党制在美国的地位如此稳固的第二个原因，即House of Representat
39、ives的组织方式的保证。其中提到 “选举制度使大党轻而易举地保持着他们的统治地位 (dominant position)”，因此答案应为 dominant position或 dominance。也可以根据常识，美国两大政党占据着重要的地位，推测空白处应填入 dominant position。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 automatic natural 【试题解析】 录音原文提到两党制产生的结果，其中一个就是 “自动地(automatically)产生了多数党 ”。结合题目可知应填入 automatically的形容词automatic，也填入其同义词 natural。 “
40、one of is that ”表达的内容常为出题点，做笔记时要注意。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 exaggeration 【试题解析】 录音原文中提到 “这种制度似乎有些夸大 (exaggerate)获胜党的胜利 ”。结合题目可推知答案为 exaggeration。并列细节信息是常考之处，笔记中时应特别注意。注意填写答案时必须将录音原文中的动词 exaggerate变成名词exaggeration。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 transfer of power 【试题解析】 讲座谈到，美国人已经学会了只要党派之间和平地转交政权，制度就能够被管理。根据空格前的提示词
41、 peaceful，这里填入录音出现的 transfer of power。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 second major party 【试题解析】 录音原文提到 “第二大党 (second major party)能在失败下继续生存 ”，因此填入 second major party。分析本题所在的分项内容的关键词 defeat和讲座的主题 “两党制 ”也可推测空格处应 填入 second major party。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 monopoly 【试题解析】 讲座提到，失败的大党能够维持对反对派的垄断。录音使用的是monopoly一词，填入空格
42、完全合适。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 moderate mild 【试题解析】 录音原文提到 “大党很强大所以倾向于温和 (moderate)”，可知应填入 moderate，或其同义词 mild。表示结果的内容是常考之处，笔记时应注意。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be aske
43、d about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds t
44、o preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 W: Lee, where are you going? M: To the post office, Sarah. I am going to send some packets to Mary. Do you know the best way to send them? W: Well, if your need is for a record of posting and delivery rather than compensation for loss, recorded delivery is particul
45、arly suitable for sending documents and papers of little or no monetary value. M: Well, what can we send for recorded delivery? W: A11 kinds of inland postal packets except parcels, airway and railway letters and parcels. The service does not apply to mail for the Irish Republic. M: I see. How do I
46、post them? W: You should get a certificate of posting from the container in the post office and follow the instructions shown on the reverse. The certificate will be your record of posting. M: Can I send anything in the post? W: No, you cant. You must not send bank notes, currency notes, and some va
47、luable things because there is no special handling in the post. Recorded delivery mail is carried with the ordinary unregistered post. And there is no special security treatment M: How do we use recorded delivery? W: Well, when your letter or packet is delivered it is signed for by the recipient and
48、 a record is kept by the post office. The post office does not undertake to deliver recorded delivery or any other mail, to the addressee in person, but to the address shown. You can obtain confirmation of delivery by completing an Advice of Delivery Form either at the time of posting or later. This
49、 form will be signed by a post office official, not by the addressee of the recipient. A fee is payable, which is lower if the form is handed in at the time of posting. M: Is there any compensation for loss? W: Well, compensation is limited. Compensation may be paid for loss or damage, but will not be paid for money or any other inadmissible item. If you want a spe
